청소년기 자녀를 둔 부모의 양육스트레스와 무망감 우울증이 부부관계에 미치는 영향

한혜숙 호남신학대학교 상담대학원 2023 국내석사

ABSTRACT The Effect of Parenting Stress and Hopelessness Depression of Parents with Adolescent Children on Couple Relationships HAN, HYE-SOOK Department of Counseling and Psychology Honam Theological University & Seminary The purpose of this study is to conduct this study to find out how parenting stress and hopelessness depression of parents with adolescent children affect couple relationships. The research questions according to the purpose of this study are as follows. First, what is the difference in couple relationship satisfaction according to demographic and sociological variables? Second, how does parenting, stress of parents with adolescent children affect their couple relationships? Third, how is the hopelessness depression of parents with adolescent children related to couple relationships? Fourth, what is the relationship among parenting stress, hopelessness depression, and couple relationships of parents with adolescent children? To understand the effects of parenting stress and hopelessness depression on couple relationships, we conducted an online survey of 230 couples with adolescent children, aged 30 to 60, through the Korean Research Panel Survey Organization. The survey was conducted from March 20 to April 20, 2023, and data was collected on parenting stress, hopelessness depression, and couple relationship for the selected participants. The data analysis was conducted using the SPSS WIN 21.0 statistical program, and the data collected from 203 out of 230 copies were processed according to the following procedures. First, descriptive statistics were conducted to identify the demographic characteristics of the study subjects and the characteristics of the main variables. Second, Pearson's simple correlation analysis was conducted to identify correlations between the main variables. Third, to examine differences in couple relationships according to general characteristics, t-tests were conducted between two groups, F-tests were conducted for two or more groups, and Scheffe's post hoc test was utilized. Fourth, to examine the effects of parenting stress and hopelessness depression on couple relationships multiple regression analysis was conducted. The results of this study were as follows. First, the study subjects had the highest proportion in their 40s, similar gender ratios for men and women, and the highest proportion was college graduates or higher. In addition, the highest proportion of respondents had no religion, and the highest proportion of respondents had white-collar jobs and a relatively high economic level with an average monthly income of more than 4 million won. In terms of family type, couples and children are the most common, and the length of marriage is more than 15 years. The frequency of having two children was the highest, and it can be seen that the subjects with children in elementary, middle, and high school were distributed in similar proportions. Second, we examined the effects of the subdomains of parenting stress and hopelessness depression on overall couple satisfaction, a subdomain of couple relationship satisfaction, and found that the higher the daily stress and the higher the emotional hopelessness depression, the lower the overall couple a satisfaction, subdomain of couple relationship satisfaction. Third, we examined the effects of parenting stress and hopelessness depression on satisfaction with socio-psychological identification, a subdomain of couple satisfaction, Subdo main of parenting stress, a subscale of parenting stress, the lower the satisfaction with socio-psychological homogeneity, a subscale of couple satisfaction. There was no effect on the subfactor of hopelessness depression. Fourth, we examined the effects of parenting stress and the subdomains of hopelessness depression on couple dissatisfaction, a subdomain of couple relationship satisfaction. Fifth, we examined the effects of parenting stress and hopelessness depression on couple dissatisfaction, a subdomain of marital satisfaction. The results showed that none of the variables were significant in all domains, and that higher levels of daily stress and higher levels of emotional depression were associated with lower levels of overall couple satisfaction. The conclusion from the results of this study shows that parenting stress and hopelessness depression have an impact on couple relationships. In particular, it is significant to demonstrate that daily stress, a subscale of parenting stress, and emotional hopelessness depression, a subscale of hopelessness depression, are significant predictors of couple satisfaction. Suggestions according to the results of the study are as follows. In this study, the sample was comprised of married couples, and it is believed that more in-depth research on the quality of life for parents in disadvantaged families needed in the future. Key words : adolescence, parenting stress, hopelessness depression, couple relationship 국문초록 청소년기 자녀를 둔 부모의 양육스트레스와 무망감 우울증이 부부관계에 미치는 영향 한혜숙 상담학과 호남신학대학교 상담대학원 본 연구의 목적은 청소년기 자녀를 둔 부모의 양육스트레스와 무망감 우울증이 부부관계에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 본 연구를 실시하는 데 있다. 본 연구의 목적에 따른 연구문제는 다음과 같다. 첫째 인구사회학적 변인이 따른 부부관계 만족도 차이는 어떠한가? 둘째, 청소년기 자녀를 둔 부모의 양육스트레스가 부부관계에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? 셋째, 청소년기 자녀를 둔 부모의 무망감 우울증은 부부관계에 어떠한가? 넷째, 청소년기 자녀를 둔 부모의 양육스트레스, 무망감 우울증, 부부관계는 어떠한가? 청소년기 자녀를 둔 부모의 양육스트레스와 무망감 우울증이 부부관계에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 30세에서 60세까지 해당하는 청소년기 자녀를 둔 부부 230명을 대상으로 한국 리서치패널 조사기관을 통해 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였다. 이 연구조사는 2023년 3월 20일부터 4월 20일까지 조사 실시하였으며 선정된 조사 대상자에 대하여 부모의 양육스트레스, 무망감 우울증, 부부관계의 내용으로 자료를 수집하였다. 자료 분석은 최종적으로 230부 중 203부 수집된 자료를 SPSS WIN 21.0 통계프로그램을 사용하였으며, 다음과 같은 절차에 따라 처리하였다. 첫째, 연구 대상자의 인구 사회학적 특성 및 주요 변수들의 특성을 파악하기 위해 기술 통계를 실시하였다. 둘째, 주요 변수들 간 상관관계를 확인하기 위해 Pearson 단순 상관관계 분석을 실시하였다. 셋째, 일반적 특성에 따른 부부관계 차이를 알아보기 위하여 두 집단간에는 t검정을, 두 집단 이상의 경우는 F검정을 실시하였으며 사후 검정으로는 Scheffe을 활용하였다. 넷째, 양육스트레스와 무망감 우울증이 부부관계에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같이 나타났다. 첫째, 연구대상은 40대 비율이 높고, 남녀 성비가 비슷하며, 대졸이상이 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 또한 종교가 없는 경우가 가장 높았으며 직업유형은 사무직이 가장 높고 월평균 소득이 400만원 이상인 비교적 경제수준이 높은 집단이 응답하였다. 가족형태는 부부과 자녀가 대부분이고 결혼기간은 15년이상, 자녀수는 2명이 가장 높은 빈도를 차지하였으며 자녀가 초중고에 비슷한 비율로 분포한 대상이 연구되었음을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 양육스트레스와 무망감 우울증의 하위영역들이 부부관계 만족도의 하위영역인 결혼생활전반 만족도에 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과, 일상적 스트레스가 높아질수록, 정서적 무망감 우울증이 높을수록 부부관계 하위영역인 결혼생활전반 만족도가 낮아짐을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 양육스트레스와 무망감 우울증의 하위영역들이 부부관계 만족도의 하위영역인 사회심리 동질감 만족도에 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과, 양육스트레스의 하위영역인 일상적 스트레스가 높아질수록 부부관계 하위영역인 사회심리 동질감의 만족도는 낮아짐을 알 수 있다. 무망감 우울증의 하위요인들은 영향요인이 나타나지 않았다. 넷째, 양육스트레스와 무망감 우울증의 하위영역들이 부부관계 만족도의 하위영역인 결혼생활 불만족도에 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과, 일상적 스트레스가 높아질수록 무망감 우울증이 높을수록 하위영역인 결혼생활 불만족이 높아짐을 알 수 있다. 다섯째, 양육스트레스와 무망감 우울증의 하위영역들이 부부관계 만족도의 하위영역인 부부관계 불만족도에 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과, 모든 영역에서 유의미한 수준의 영향력 변수는 나타나지 않았으며, 전체부부관계 만족도에는 일상적 스트레스가 높아질수록, 정서적 무망감 우울증이 높을수록 전체부부관계 만족도는 낮아짐을 알 수 있다. 본 연구 결과에 따른 결론은 부모의 양육스트레스와 무망감 우울증이 부부관계에 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있다. 특히 양육스트레스의 하위영역인 일상적 스트레스가 무망감 우울증 하위영역인 정서적 무망감 우울증이 부부관계 만족도에 매우 중요한 예측요인임을 입증하는데 의의가 있다. 연구결론에 따른 제언은 다음과 같다. 본 연구에서는 부부관계를 유지하고 있는 대상으로 표집되었는데, 향후 결손가정의 부모들의 삶의 질과 관련된 심도있는 연구가 필요하다고 여겨진다. 핵심어 : 청소년기, 부모 양육스트레스, 무망감 우울증, 부부관계

두경부 편평세포암종에서 세포질내의 HuR에 의한 Cyclooxygenase-2의 과발현과 혈관 수와의 관계

한혜숙 전북대학교 대학원 2008 국내석사

The human embryonic-lethal abnormal vision-like protein HuR stabilizes mRNA containing adenine- and uridine-rich elements in their 3’ untranslated region. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA is a cellular transcript that contains an adenine- and uridine-rich element. Therefore, it can be regulated by the HuR protein. Although it is well known that COX-2 is related with tumor angiogenesis in Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the relationship among HuR, COX-2 and microvessel density (MVD) is not well established. Therefore, the relationship between COX-2, HuR, MVD, and clinicopathological parameters was evaluated. 19 of 43 cases of HNSCC showed high level of COX-2 expression and 68% of those having high immunoreactivity of COX-2 showed high expression of cytoplasmic HuR protein. MVD expression in the cases of high COX-2 expression was higher than the cases of low COX-2 expression but the difference was not significant (P=0.213). Our results suggest that cytoplasmic HuR overexpression is strongly correlated with COX-2 expression in HNSCC and COX-2 is co-related with MVD in HNSCC. Therefore, it is possible that COX-2 regulated by cytoplasmic HuR may be a good tumor angiogenic factor in HNSCC.

독해력 향상을 위한 효율적인 영어 어휘 학습 방법

한혜숙 건국대학교 2006 국내석사

청소년들의 메신저 교류에 따른 친애욕구 및 사회적지지 지각 : 중고등학교 학생들의 버디버디 메신저 사용을 중심으로

한혜숙 고려대학교 교육대학원 2003 국내석사

This study was conducted on teenagers who use Buddybuddy as their main messenger among the numerous online messengers available today, in order to find out the correlation between messenger usage frequency and interpersonal relationships, personality, need for affiliation, perception of social support, and psychological well-being. Target respondents were a total 480 middle school and high school students. It was used to obtain results by conduction correlation analysis and path analysis of the variables. Based on the analysis, it was found that first, it was found that a meaningful correlation existed among the variables of this study personality, need for affiliation, perception of social support and psychological well-being. Second, teenagers who showed lower stability on the neurosis tendency, were more likely to spend more time online with the messenger and teenagers who showed a higher extroversive level were more likely to spend less time online with the messenger and had less interpersonal relationships through it. Third, higher need for affiliation was found to have a high correlation with higher messenger usage and the lower the affiliative tendency to rejection, the higher the level of interpersonal relationships through the messenger. Fourth, a meaningful correlation could be found between messenger usage behavior and perception of social support. Meeting people through the virtual space of the messenger was found to have a positive influence on perception of social support. Fifth, a meaningful correlation was not found between the messenger usage variable and mental well-being, implying the two variables did not have much bearing on each other. Sixth, regression analysis using messenger usage index (= daily usage length + number of contacts added) as the dependent variable was used to identify the factor that affects messenger usage index the most, from the factors of personality, perception of social support, need for affiliation and psychological well-being. It was found that the more introversive, the lower level in psychological well-being and the higher material support, the messenger index was higher. Based on such results, the meaning and limits of this study and areas to cover in a following study were discussed.

兒童의 平和敎育 프로그램 開發을 위한 基礎 硏究

한혜숙 서울女子大學校 1995 국내박사

서양의 메이크업과 헤어스타일 변천에 관한 연구 : 1910년대-1990년대를 중심으로

한혜숙 韓南大學校 社會文化科學大學院 2005 국내석사

The makeup and the hair style of the 20th century progressed in line up with the development of the film industry. And the makeup, the hair style and the fashion of the female movie starts in the screen became the modeling to women and created a new vogue. And the beauty care productions started becoming industrialized and the makeup became a part of women's life. Looking back into the representative makeup changes of the 20th century, actress Clara Bow's makeup was popular. She painted her eye-brows thin, her eye-lashes black and her lips small. Greta Garbo makeup style representing the 1930s expressed the mysterious female image by painting the eye-brows high and thin and by emphasizing the cheek bones and the upper lip. During the 2nd world war Rita Hayworth makeup style that stressed the sexual attraction represents the period. The voluptuous style that emphasized the chin line and the thick lips and exaggerated the eye-lashes was prevailing. Hippies' make-up that appeared late 1960s was natural and light to suit the ethnic costumes in drawing figures for freedom and nature. And in the hair style Vidal Sassoon's geometric cut was in vogue. With the advent of the Punks in the 1970s the make-ups expressed the eye-brows thick and the eye surroundings and the lips heavily black on the pale face. In the 1980s the glamour style revived thanks to nostalgia for the past and the retro influence. From the late 1980s, a period of pluralism in which variety and personality was valued highly, the trend which a specific style was not in vogue continued to the 1990s. At this decade of pop art and avant-garde art the hair style in harmony of the gracious fashion came into fashion. Afterwards in the 21 century it seems the importance of Total Fashion emphasizing the overall harmony will be highly valued and the makeup, the hair style and the fashion will change to more diversifications and harmonies.

영어와 불어 부정문의 통시적 변화

한혜숙 부산외국어대학교 2011 국내박사

The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate diachronic changes of sentential negation between English and French languages. Derivation of English and French negative particles can be analyzed by using Jespersen's Cycle(1937: 9-11). Jespersen posited that in any language a negative particle will go through a cycle wherein the original negative element is cyclical, first weakened, if found insufficient and then strengthened, generally through additional words. This is regarded as the negative proper and may then undergo the same development as the original word. This trend coincide with a general cognitive principle otherwise known as Head Preference Principle. In this study, a comparative analysis concerning diachronic changes of English and French negation is as follows:[ne+V] by Neg-First Principle>[ne+V+not/pas] by End-Weight Principle>[V+not/pas]>[not+V] by Neg-First Principle again. Neg-First Principle is in competition with End-Weight Principle which is distinctly related to the principle of given-new information sequence. This competitive parameter for the determination of word order is responsible for the diachronic developments of negation in terms of Jespersen's Negative Cycle. The derivational process of a negative sentence and its syntactic properties are explained in terms of the spirit and theory of Minimalist Program(Chomsky 1995, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008). What is known as the negative cycle is summarized as follows: Stage 1: Negation is expressed by one negative particle. e.g. [ne+V], which is .prevalent form throughout Old English and Old French. Stage 2: Negation is expressed by a negative particle in combination with a .negative adverb or noun phrase such as na, nalles(not at all) and .noht(nothing) in Middle English, mie(crumb), pas(step) and point(point) in Middle French. e.g. [ne+V+not/pas], which becomes the typical Middle English and Classical French forms. Stage 3: The original negative particle becomes extinct. e.g. [V+not/pas] in Pre -Modern English and Modern Colloquial French. From stage 1 to stage 3, although the period of English development is different from French, negative cycle is similar. Neg-First Principle expresses the strong tendency for negative markers to modulate leftward in front of the finite verb. During Stage 1, ne is referred to as Head-NegP, but this head can also be analyzed as the negative development of language structure. The structure of the Old English is as follows: ic ne secge and Old French: jeo ne dis Old English and Old French are asymmetrical V2 languages: i.e. main clauses are V2 but embedded clauses are not V2, except in the case of main clauses embedded under a bridge verb. At Stage 2, na, noht/pas, mie are added as reinforcement for the ne. But negation by bare ne is still grammatical, during late Old English, multiple negation is optional and in middle French pas is also optional, e.g. [ne+V+(pas)]. During the development of Middle English and Classical French, original negative element ne is too phonologically weak to carry the burden of negation. Consequently, ne was strengthened by the addition of the emphasizing words such as not/pas. Several different reinforcing negative particles were in use, but not/pas came to be dominant, gradually multiple negation [ne+V+not/pas] structure becomes regular: e.g. Middle English: I ne seye not/ Middle French: je ne dis (pas), Classical French: je ne dis pas During Stage 3, the original negation ne gets completely lost, becoming too weak to express negation, and not/pas become the regular negative: e.g. pre-Modern English: I say not/Present-Day Colloquial French: je dis pas Old English and Old French are C-Oriented languages, but the parameters are changed: T-Oriented language. Thus the loss of V2 in C occurred around 1450 in Middle English while V2 stopped around 1600 in Classical French. Modal and aspectual features of T realized by External Merge in Middle English resulting in Loss of V-to-T; T loses EPP-feature triggering internal Merge of verb in pre- Modern English(Roberts 2007:355). However, Modern French, verb moves to T: motivated by the need for T to be pronounced. Stage 4: negation is realized in the syntactic structure of a finite(modal/do) verb + not+a lexical verb e.g. [do+not+V] in the Elizabethan English. Stage 5: Negation is optionally expressed by negative contraction in terms of .encliticization of not to preceding finite verb. e.g. [don't+V] in Modern English. As soon as ne disappeared, the reinforcing negative adverb, not in Spec-NegP began to show signs of morpho-phonological weakening. There is clear evidence that it became a negative head. During Stage 4, negative sentence like [I do not say] prove that negative specifier not came to be interpreted as a negative head. During Stage 5, In the head-NegP, not cannot maintain its stressed pronunciation. Weakening contracted negation is more. e.g. I don't say. The development of do-support was preceded by the development of contracted negation. Around 1600, negative particle not contracted onto T, but since V-to-T movement of lexical verbs had been lost, only auxiliaries were able to be the host of a contracted negative particle in T. Once the negative auxiliaries are externally merged as the established grammatical rule of clausal negation, do-support comes into being as a specific exceptional rule. In short, English overt lexical verb movement stopped from the late Modern English period; English doesn't exhibit verb movement. But in Present-Day French, the verb raises to T to connect the suffix with the verb. English developed differently from French in due respects, but the negative cycling is similar. In Modern Colloquial French, ne has been largely replaced

Kleist 文學에 있어서의 實存의 問題 : Das Erdbeben in chili를 中心으로

한혜숙 梨花女子大學校 大學院 1982 국내석사

血府逐瘀湯加味方의 抗炎作用에 대한 實驗的 硏究

한혜숙 대전대학교 대학원 2008 국내석사

This study was performed to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects of HyulBuChukEoTangGamiBang water extract (HBCT). In the study of anti-inflammatory effects, HBCT was investigated using cultured cells and a murine models. As for the parameters of inflammation, levels of several inflammatory cytokines and chemical mediators which are known to be related to inflammation were determined in mouse lung fibroblast cells (mLFCs) and RAW264.7 cells. The results were summarized as follows; Prior to the experiment, we investigated the cytotoxicity of HBCT. HBCT showed a safety in cytotoxicity on mLFCs. In experiment of anti-inflammatory effect, HBCT effected scavenging activity on DPPH free radical, superoxide dismutase and superoxide anion radical. HBCT inhibited IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2 and NOS-II mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner in RAW264.7 cell line, and inhibited significantly IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α production at 100㎍/㎖ in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that HBCT can be used for treating diverse female diseases caused by inflammation such as endometriosis, pelvic pain, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and pelvic tuberculosis and so forth.

옛이야기를 활용한 한?일 문화 이해 방안 모색 : 초등학교 2학년 재량?특별활동 중심으로

한혜숙 서울교육대학교 교육대학원 2006 국내석사