다문화가정 청소년의 학교생활적응에서 보호요인의 효과: 자아존중감, 사회적 지지, 종교생활 및 다문화교육

최효인 단국대학교 일반대학원 2017 국내박사

In the process of rapid change towards a multiracial and multicultural society, the number of youth from multicultural families is continuously increasing every year. Studies about multicultural families have mostly focused on women immigrating for marriage purposes, especially concerning their cultural adaptation, ways of raising children, and their stress. However, studies regarding children of multicultural families are relatively few. Studies have tended to portray children from multicultural families in negative terms as a result of highlighting the discrimination they experience due to appearance and language issues, and their difficulty adjusting to schools and society. As the number of youth from multicultural families keeps growing rapidly every year, a lot of problems related to school adjustment occur including high rates of school dropout. Schools play a major role in socialization of youth by helping them grow properly and develop abilities to adapt to a rapidly changing environment. A healthy school life and having achievements have a positive impact on the development of youth, and also have a vital influence on their adulthood. For youth, therefore, school adjustment is a highly important issue. This study focused on protective factors to see whether they contribute to helping youth from multicultural families to adjust to schools, while focusing on the influence of risk factors to which multicultural youth are exposed. This study is based on a questionnaire given to 222 students who attended multicultural schools or centers in Seoul or in the provinces of Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, Jeolla and Gyeongsang. The results were analyzed through correlation analysis, regression analysis and frequency analysis using SPSS 22. First of all, this study considered the following risk factors which are thought to impede school adjustment for multicultural youth: anxiety issues, identity problems, parents’ attitudes towards child rearing, family conflict, bullying and social isolation, and academic under-achievement. These risk factors turned out to have a negative correlation with school adjustment. Results indicated that the higher the level of risk factors are, the lower the quality of school adjustment for multicultural youth. As protective factors, self-esteem, social support, the practice of religion, as well as exposure to multicultural education were considered. Results indicated that these protective factors are positively correlated with successful school adjustment, with the exception being exposure to multicultural education, which results indicated was not directly correlated with school adjustment. Second, the study found that psychological protective factors play a role as a parameter which mediates the relation between risk factors and school adjustment of multicultural youth. Psychological variables such as self-esteem and social support were found to mediate partially or entirely as parameters in the relation of several risk factors and school adjustment. In other words, it has been shown that self-esteem and social support act as protective factors which mitigate the level of school adjustment. Third, it is found that environmental protective variables have moderating effects in relation to risk factors and school adjustment of multicultural youth. These variables include religious practices and multicultural educational experience. They are shown to help youth from multicultural families to adjust to schools in spite of the variety of risks to which multi-cultural youth are exposed. Fourth, upon analyzing different levels of school adjustment in accordance with socio-demographic characteristics, it is revealed that there are statistically meaningful differences in connection with such factors as gender, school year, parents’ educational level and wealth. Based on these findings, this study offers ways to help youth from multicultural families adjust to school better. In addition, the limitations of the study are discussed. It is hoped that in light of the increasing number of multicultural youth, the study provides reliable information on, and actionable insight into the issues of their school adjustment. 우리 사회는 다인종·다문화 사회로의 급속한 변화를 겪고 있으며, 이로 인해 다문화가정 청소년들의 수는 매년 꾸준히 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 다문화가정에 대한 연구는 주로 결혼 이주여성의 적응, 양육태도 및 스트레스, 문화 적응 등에 대해 다루어져 왔고, 다문화가정 자녀들에 대한 연구는 대체로 미미한 실정이다. 이들에 대한 연구는 다문화 가정 자녀들이 비 다문화가정 아동에 비해 외모나 언어 차별 등으로 인한 학교 및 생활 전반의 적응 수준이 낮다는 것과 같이 주로 부정적인 측면에 대한 연구가 주를 이루어 왔다. 다문화가정 자녀들의 수가 매년 급성장하는 가운데, 높은 학교중도탈락율과 같이 학교생활적응과 관련한 많은 문제들이 발생하고 있다. 학교는 청소년들의 건강한 성장을 돕고, 더욱 빠르게 변화하는 시대의 조류와 환경에 잘 적응하는 역량을 키우는 학습의 장(場)이라고 할 수 있다. 학교에서의 생활 및 성취여부는 청소년의 건강한 성장을 결정하고 성인기의 삶에 영향을 미치므로, 청소년에게 학교생활 적응은 대단히 중요한 과제라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 다문화가정 청소년이 노출되어 있는 여러 위험요인이 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향에 초점을 두고, 이 관계에서 보호요인이 다문화가정 청소년의 학교생활적응에 기여하는가를 밝히고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 서울, 경기, 충청도, 전라도, 경상도에 거주하며, 학교 및 다문화센터에 등교하는 학생 222명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. SPSS 22 통계프로그램을 통해 상관분석, 회귀분석, 빈도분석 등을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 다문화가정 청소년의 학교생활적응에 대한 위험요인으로 정서 불안, 정체성 혼란, 부모의 지시적 양육태도, 가족 갈등, 집단 따돌림, 학습부진에 대해 고려하였다. 이 위험요인들은 학교생활적응과 모두 부(-)적인 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 각 위험요인의 수준이 높을수록 다문화가정 청소년들의 학교생활적응 수준이 낮은 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 다문화가정 청소년의 학교생활적응에 대한 보호요인으로는 자아존중감, 사회적지지, 종교생활, 다문화 교육 경험을 고려하였다. 보호요인은 학교생활적응과 정적인 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 이중 다문화교육 경험은 학교생활적응과 관련이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 다문화가정 청소년의 위험요인과 학교생활적응 간의 관계에서 심리적 보호요인의 매개효과를 확인하였다. 심리적 변인인 자아존중감과 사회적 지지는 여러 위험요인과 학교생활적응 간의 관계에서 부분 또는 완전 매개 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 위험요인과 학교생활적응 간의 관계에서 자아존중감과 사회적 지지가 매개효과를 보임으로써 학교생활적응 수준을 완화시키는 보호요인으로 작용하고 있는 경로를 입증할 수 있었다. 셋째, 다문화가정 청소년의 위험요인과 학교생활적응 간의 관계에서 환경적 보호요인의 조절효과를 확인하였다. 환경적 변인인 종교생활과 다문화 교육 경험은 여러 위험요인과 학교생활 적응 간의 관계에서 대체로 조절효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 다문화가정 청소년들이 다양한 위험요인에 노출되어 있다 하더라도, 종교생활, 다문화교육 경험과 같은 여러 환경적 보호 요인들이 다문화가정 청소년들의 학교생활적응에 긍정적 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사한다. 넷째, 인구사회학적 특성에 따라 다문화청소년의 학교생활적응 차이의 분석결과를 보면, 성별, 학년, 아버지의 학력, 외모에 대한 자신의 지각, 경제 수준 등에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 다문화가정 청소년의 학교생활적응을 높이기 위한 실천 방안을 제시하였다. 또한 본 연구의 진행과정에서 파악된 한계점에 대해서도 논의하였다. 본 연구는 앞으로도 급격하게 증가하게 될 다문화가정 청소년들의 학교생활적응에 대한 다양한 측면의 대한 요소를 파악하고 실제의 학교생활에 도움을 줄 수 있는 실천 방안에 기초 자료를 제공한다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

(The) efficacy of everolimus to prevent cardiac allograft vasculopathy in heart transplant recipients : comparison with cyclosporine-based and tacrolimus-based protocols

최효인 울산대학교 2019 국내박사

Background Previous studies have reported the superiority of everolimus (EVL) over antimetabolites in mitigating cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) after heart transplantation (HT). However, data on the long-term effect of de novo EVL immunosuppression on CAV progression and clinical outcomes are lacking. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the long-term safety and efficacy of EVL as de novo immunosuppressant therapy on CAV progression and outcomes after HT. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 144 HT recipients (EVL group = 24, Cyclosporine (CSA) group = 48, Tacrolimus (TAC) group = 72) who survived at least at 1 year after HT. Treatment failure defined as all-cause death, graft failure, retransplantation and treatment requiring rejection was evaluated. CAV progression was assessed using serial coronary intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in recipients who underwent at least 2 IVUS studies. Results A significant attenuation in percent atheroma volume progression was observed with EVL (1.2%) compared with CSA (7.3%; p = 0.005 vs EVL) or TAC (6.6%; p = 0.0052 vs EVL) at 1 year after HT, and this trend has remained unchanged for 3 (4.7% vs 12.4% vs 12.5% for EVL vs CSA vs TAC respectively, p = 0.006) and 5 (7.9% vs 14.9% vs 14.9% for EVL vs CSA vs TAC respectively, p = 0.02) years after HT. The remodeling index was greater in the EVL (1.08) group than in CSA (0.23) or TAC (-0.25) groups at 1 year after HT. Kaplan-Meier analysis over a median follow-up period of 8 years did not show a statistical difference in primary endpoint event-free survival between three groups. No death or re-transplantation occurred in the EVL group while 10 (21.8%) and 14 (20.6%) occurred in CSA and TAC group respectively. Conclusions De novo immunosuppression with EVL is associated with attenuated CAV progression during 5 years of IVUS follow up and with comparable long-term clinical outcomes compared with CSA or -TAC based protocols. 배경: 이전 연구에서 심장 이식 후 발생하는 동종 이식 혈관병증 (Cardiac allograft vasculopathy, CAV)의 진행을 완화하는데 대한 antimetabolite 대비 everolimus (EVL)의 우월성이 보고된 바 있다. 그러나 de novo EVL 면역억제 프로토콜이 CAV의 진행과 임상 효과에 미치는 장기적인 영향은 보고된 바 없다. 연구 목적: 본 연구를 통해 de novo EVL 면역억제 프로토콜이 CAV의 진행과 임상 경과에 미치는 장기적인 효과와 안정성을 확인하고자 하였다. 연구 방법: 심장이식 후 적어도 1년 이상 생존한 144 명의 심장이식 수혜자 (EVL군 24명, Cyclosporine (CSA)군 48명, Tacrolimus (TAC)군 72명)의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 사망, 이식심의 상실, 재이식 및 치료가 필요한 거부 반응으로 정의된 치료 실패를 1차 연구종료점으로 평가하였다. CAV의 진행은 최소 2회 이상 혈관내 초음파를 시행한 수혜자에서 연속적 혈관내 초음파 영상을 비교 분석하여 평가하였다. 결과: 심장이식 후 1 년째 혈관내 초음파 상에서 CSA군 (7.3 %, p = 0.005 vs EVL) 이나 TAC군 (6.6 %; p = 0.0052 vs EVL)에 비해 EVL군 (1.2 %)에서 % 죽상경화반 증가에 대한 유의한 감쇠가 관찰되었으며, 이 감쇠 효과는 심장이식 후 3년 (4.7% vs 12.4% vs 12.5% for EVL vs CSA vs TAC, p = 0.006)과 5년 (7.9% vs 14.9% vs 14.9% for EVL vs CSA vs TAC, p = 0.02)째 혈관내 초음파에서도 유의하게 유지되었다. Remodeling 지수는 EVL군에서 1.08로 CSA군의 0.23과 TAC군의 -0.25에 비해 높은 것으로 관찰되었다. Kaplan-Meier 분석 결과 8년의 추적 관찰 기간 중 세 그룹 간의 1차 연구종료점 발생에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. EVL군에서는 사망 또는 재이식이 발생하지 않았으며 CSA군과 TAC군에서 각각 10명 (21.8 %)과 14명 (20.6 %)에서 사망 또는 재이식이 발생하였다. 결론: De novo EVL 면역억제 프로토콜은 5년째 혈관내 초음파 상 CAV 진행의 감쇠와 관련이 있으며, CSA 또는 TAC 기반 면역억제 프로토콜과 비교하여 유사한 정도의 장기 임상 결과를 보인다.

심장 이식 후 일차 면역억제제로서 tacrolimus 와 cyclosporine 의 임상 효과 비교 : Tacrolimus versus cyclosporine as primary immunosuppression after heart transplantation in Korea

최효인 울산대학교 대학원 2013 국내석사

The superiority of tacrolimus (Tac) as primary immunosuppression for heart transplantation compared with cyclosporine (CsA) is still under debate. Outcomes of comparison studies are not consistent; the duration of these studies has been limited. The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes of Korean patients undergoing heart transplantation who received Tac versus CsA as the primary immunosuppression. We analyzed a single-center registry of all heart transplantation patients between July 1999 to October 2010, comparing outcomes based on primary immunosuppressions (Tac or CsA). A total of 195 patients entered the study, 49 patients were excluded; among them 48 received Tac and 98 CsA. There were no differences between groups in baseline characteristics except for follow-up durations, recipient age and diabetes. After mean follow-up of 27.8 ± 10.8 months in the Tac group and 82.9 ± 36.5 months in the CsA group, there were 1 (2.1%) and 20 (20.4%) deaths, respectively. The primary endpoint of combined acute rejection, death, retransplantation and lost follow-up of Tac group was not significantly better to CsA group. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed similar survival between groups. (Log rank P = .199). As secondary endpoints, the overall survival rate, acute rejection, major infection including CMV infection and disease and PTDM of Tac group was not significantly better to CsA group. But, Tac use is associated with significantly less hyperlipidemia and systemic hypertension. The efficacy of Tac in Korean patients with heart transplantation seemed to be better than CsA but it was not reached to statistical significance. Shorter follow-up duration in Tac group might affect the statistical power, so long-term follow-up with more patients of Tac is needed.

인지적 및 정서적 공감과 도움행동

최효인 가톨릭대학교 심리상담대학원 2004 국내석사

본 연구에서는 공감에 인지적 정서적 요소가 있다고 보고, 공감의 요소가 어떻게 작용하며, 공감의 어떠한 요소가 어떤 경로를 통해 이타행동을 불러일으키는가를 알아보았다. 또한 우리가 흔히 피해자에 대해서 공감을 갖는 반면 가해자에 대해서는 공감하지 못하는데, 피해자뿐만 아니라 가해자에 대해서도 인지적 및 정서적 공감이 있으면, 도움행위를 유발시킬 것이라는 가정 하에 첫째로, 인지적 공감과 정서적 공감이 어떤 경로를 통해 도움행동에 영향을 미치는가? 둘째로, 인지적 공감과 정서적공감이 있을 때, 도움행동이 사회적 사건의 피해자뿐만 아니라 가해자에게도 일어나는가? 라는 연구문제를 설정하였다. 그 결과 도움대상이 가해자이냐 피해자이냐에 따라 그 차이가 유의미했으며, 가해자보다는 피해자에게 인지 공감과 정서 공감을 많이 했다. 그리고 정보가 있느냐 없느냐에 따라 정보가 없을 때보다는 정보가 있을 때 인지 공감과 정서 공감을 많이 한 것을 볼 수 있었다. 또한 세부적으로는 가해자-정보 없음 집단과 가해자 정보있음 집단 간에 유의미한 차이를 볼 수 있었는데, 정보가 없는 집단보다 있는 집단에게 유의미하게 인지 공감과 정서 공감을 많이 하였다. 가해자 조건에서도 정보가 없을 때 보다 있을 때 도움행동을 더 주는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 가해자에 대한 정보가 있을 때는 사람들이 인지 공감과 정서 공감 모두를 하게 됨으로써 도움행동을 주는 것으로 판단된다. 이것은 가해자에 대해 새로운 정보를 접했기 때문이며, 피해자-정보 없음 집단에서는 이미 사건의 기사에서 정보가 제공되었다라고 볼 수 있기 때문에 정서공감만이 유의미한 변인으로서 작용한 것으로 보였다. 경로분석에서는 피해자에게 도움행동을 주는 것보다는 가해자에게 사람들이 어떻게 도움행동을 줄 수 있는가에 대한 것이 본 연구의 목적이기 때문에 가해자-정보 없음 집단과 가해자-정보 있음 집단에서 각각 경로분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 '인지→정서→도움행동'모델이 가장 적합하다고 판단 할 수 있다. 이는 인지가 정서에 영향을 미치고, 다시 정서를 일으킴으로 도움행동을 하게 된다는 가설을 검증한 것이다. 이와 같이 문제의 상황과 가해자에 대한 상황을 깊이 공감한다면 가해자에 대해서도 도움이 가능하다는 본 연구의 가설을 입증하게 된 것이다. 만일 가해자에 대한 공감과 함께 가해자에 대한 도움에 관심을 갖는다면 피해자를 줄일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 가해자에 대한 치료와 함께 가해자의 인간성 회복을 위해서도 중요한 문제라고 본다. 왜냐하면 가해자도 엄밀한 의미에서 피해자이며, 그 상처를 치유 받을 권리가 있기 때문이다. The purpose of this study is researching how elements of sympathy work, which elements cause altruistic behaviors and how the elements cause, on the assumption that recognizable and emotional elements exist in sympathy. In general, people feel sympathy with victims easily but they do not with assaulters. On the assumption that help behaviors can be caused not only to victims but also to assulters if recognizable and emotional sympathy exist, the following researching problems are established. Researching Problem 1) Through what channel do recognizable sympathy and emotional sympathy affect helping behavions? Researching Problem 2) If recognizable sympathy and emotional sympathy would exist, could helping behaviors be brought out towards assaulters of social events as well as towards victims? The target of this research is university students. 400 questionnaires were distrituted to students of the university in Chungcheongnamdo and 391 of them were used for the research with the exception of 9 which were not returned or insincere. The distribution of gender was 227 male(58.1%) and 163 female(41.9%) and the distribution of age was from 19 to 44 (average 22.5). The distribution of religion was 136 Christians(34.8%), 53 Buddhist(13.6%), the others 132(33.8%) and no answer 15(3.8%). In this research, I treated 4 low-ranking dimensions(Perspective-Taking Scale, Fantasy Scale, Empathic Concern Scale, Personal Distress Scale) in both points of view of victims and assaulters after discussing with specialists and used total 5 questions. The 4 low-ranking dimensions was produced by Davis(1980), who understood that sympathy has multi-dimensional characteristics and divided into 4 low-ranking dimensions. After reading each question, the targets answered their rating criterion between 1 to 7 (1=negative, 4=not positive or negative, 7=positive). The mark * on questions mean that key is reversed. Cronbach'α of the 5 questions was .82. 5 questions about "How can you help victims and assaulters?" was considered and used in the points of view of victims and assaulters after discussing with specialists. After reading the questions, the targets answered their rating criterion between 1 to 7 (1=negative, 4=not positive or negative, 7=positive). Cronbach'α was .92. At first, to examine the difference of psychological characters among 4 groups (assaulter-No information, assaulter-Information existing, victim-No information, victim-Information existing) t-test and 2 variable quantity analysis was carried out considering the points of 3 criteria (recongiable sympathy, emotional sympathy, helping behavior) as dependant variables. Secondly to examine what kind of psychological changing affects helping behaviors including some meaning, regressive analysis was carried out considering the points of recognizable sympathy and emotional sympathy as a prediction varible, and helping behavior as a dependant variable. Thirdly to examine which element precedes analysis of process was carried. To verify the coincident degree of the processing model, I used AMOS(Analysis of Moment Analysis) 4.01 and SPSS WINDOW 11.0 was used for the other analyses. In the aspect that the target to help is an assaulter or a victim, the difference is meaningful and more recognizable and emotional sympathy appeared to victims than assaulters. In the aspect of existence or not of information, more recognizable and emotional sympathy appeared in the case that information exists than in the case of no-information. In addition, meaningful difference appeared between the group "assaulter-No information" and the group "assaulter-Information existing" and so groups having information showed meaningfully more recognizable and emotiona sympathy than No-information groups. It is same in the case of assaulters that Information existing group gives more helping behaviors than No-information group. It is understood that people come to have both recognizable and emotion sympathy and give helping behaviors in the case that the information of assaulters exists. It is because people have already obtained the information of assaulters. In the group "victim-No information", because people obtined information through newspapers, emotional sympathy seems to be a only meanful variable. In the analysis of process, the main objective is how people help assaulters, not victims. Therefore the analysis of process was carried out in the group "victim-No information" and the group "victim-Information existing". The result shows that the model "recognition→emotion→helping behavior" is most appropriate. This verifies the assumption "recognition affects and reise emotion and as a result of this process people do help behaviors". Including the question "Is it possible that people do helping behaviors for assaulters as well as for victims?" this research could be considered to have studied helping behaviors to assaulters as well as to victims. As shown above, in the case that people have some information of assaulters, people feel both recognizable and emotional sympathy and so give helping behaviors. It is because they have obtained some information of the assaulter. If people have information of the situation of the event and the situation of the assaulter, it is possible that people help the assaulter. As it were, in usual, though people who help victim is a lot, there is nobody to help assaulter. This is because people have not understood the situation of the assaulter and their recognizable and emotional condition. However if people have recognizable and emotional sympathy with assaulters, it would be possible to help the assaulters. If people would have sympathy and concerns with assaulters, it could be possible to cure assaulters and to recover their humanities as well as to reduce the number of victims. It is because assaulters are also a kind of victims, they have the right to be cured.

한·중 웹드라마 비교 연구 : <우리 옆집에 엑소가 산다>와 <만만몰상도>의 비교분석 중심으로

최효 건국대학교 대학원 2016 국내석사

‘2013 중국 웹드라마 백서’의 데이터를 보면 2012년 웹드라마의 히트수는 이미 10억을 넘어섰으며 ‘2015년 뉴미디어 동영상업 데이터 리포트’에 따르면 2015년에 히트수는 무려 257.9억 뷰에 도달했으며 약 355편의 웹드라마가 방영 되었다. 이 자료에 따름면 앞으로 웹드라마는 더욱 폭발적인 큰 발전이 예상되며 무궁무진한 가치를 가지고 있다. 특히 중국에서 2008년부터 웹드라마는 빠르게 발전하기 시작하였다. 2013년에 ‘완허톈이(万合天宜)’뉴미디어 회사와 ‘YOUKU(유쿠)’함께 제작한 웹드라마 <만만몰상도(절대 생각도 못했다萬萬没想到)>는 크게 성공한 웹드라마 중에 하나이다. 이 웹드라마는 타임슬립(time slip)요소, 개그 코드, 조롱 요소 등 현실에 사실적으로 기댄 인기 요소를 가지고 있었기에 더 많은 대중들을 매료시킬 수 있었다. 본 논문은 중국에서 크게 성공한 웹드라마 <만만몰상도 萬萬没想到>와 한국 인기 웹드라마<우리 옆집에 엑소가 산다>를 비교하고 성공요인을 연구하고자 한다. 성공요인은 기획, 내용 구성, 유통 부분으로 나누어 비교 정리하고자 한다. 또한 중국 웹드라마의 급속한 성장과 동시에 가지고 있는 문제를 분석하고 이에 따른 해결 방안도 제기하고자 한다. 아직 웹드라마는 여러 다양한 문제점을 가지고 있지만 여전히 매우 큰 잠재력을 가지고 있다. 마지막에서 분 논문은 이런 중국 웹드라마 발전 방향에 대해 전망하고자 한다. 웹드라마는 고유의 특성, 표현 방식, 문화 가치를 가지고 있다. 인터넷 플랫폼의 우세를 이용하여 웹드라마의 전체적인 수준을 향상 시키고 새로운 생산, 소비, 운영 모델을 계속 해서 탐색해야 비로소 웹드라마가 장기적으로 발전 할 수 있을 것이다. 인터넷의 발전이 빠르게 이루어지는 만큼 웹드라마의 발전도 빠른 속도로 이뤄질 것이다. According to the "2013 China-made Web Drama White Paper", the click through rate of Internet drama in 2012 hit more than 1 billion times. And the "2015 New Film Industry Data Report" showed that China's web drama hit a 25.79 billion click through rate in 2015, with 355 sets of dramas. These data revealed that web drama has great development prospectives in the coming future and its own value will be gradually excavated. It is worth mentioning that China's web drama has started its rapid development since 2008. In 2013, a new media company "WanHeTianYi" and "Youku" cooperated in a web drama called "Surprise (萬萬没想到)"and gained a greater success among the web dramas. This drama includes popular elements like passing through time and space, comedy and ridicule, which successfully gained the attention from the netizens. This essay will compare "Surprise" and the Korean web drama "EXO Next Door" in the aspects of planning, contents, and circulation and analyze the factors of their success. This essay would also discuss the obstacles that faced by China's web drama and raise possible solutions to the problems. Web drama still faces many problems and difficulties, but it has enormous develop potentials. Therefore, this essay would foresee the future development of China's web drama. Web drama has its own characters, own ways of express and cultural values. Only if we make use the advantages of Internet, improve the quality of web dramas, as well as develop new production modes, consumption modes and operation modes can the web drama has a continuous development and greater success in the future. 据《2013年中国网络自制剧白书》的数据显示,2012年网络自制剧的点击量超过10次,而《2015年新影视行业数据报告》显示,2015年中国网络剧的点击两突破257.9亿,出品355部。从这些数据可以看出,今后网络剧仍然具有很大的发展趋势,并且其自身价值将会被慢慢挖掘。 值得一提的是,从2008年开始中国网络剧开始飞速发展。2013年新媒体公司“万合天宜”与“优酷”共同制作的网络剧《万万没想到》取得了较大的成功。这部网络剧包含了时空穿越、搞笑、调侃等网络热门元素,成功地引起了众多网友的关注。本论文将对《万万没想到》与韩国人气网络剧《我的邻居是EXO》进行对比,并从企划、内容构成、流通方面分研究他们成功的原因。之后将分析中国网络剧在发展中遇到的问题,以及针对这些问题提出解决方案。目前,网络剧虽然存在着各种各样的问题,但是可以肯定的是,网络剧自身存在着巨大的发展潜力。因此,本论文将对中国网络剧未来的发展进行展望。 网络剧具有其自身的特性、表达方式以及文化价值。只有利用互联网的自身优势,提高网络剧的整体水平,不断地探索新的生产模式、消费模式、运营模式才能使网络剧不断的发展下去。

日帝末 歷史小說의 性格 : 無影塔과 元曉大師에 關하여

최효 高麗大學校 1983 국내석사

東海에서 發達하는 선풍에 倚한 波浪의 推定에 關한 硏究

최효 서울大學校 1977 국내석사

농촌관광 체험, 서비스 품질, 브랜드자산, 지각된 가치, 충성도 관계연구

최효 전주대학교 대학원 2019 국내박사

사회적 경쟁압력이 커지면서 당대에는 사람들의 삶의 스트레스가 점점 더 커져가고 있기 때문에 물질적 삶이 충족되는 상황에서 정신방출이 사람들이 일을 하는 나머지 주된 추구대상이 되고 있다. 도시 관광은 다양하고 다양한 관광프로그램을 제공해 빠른 발전을 이뤘지만 농촌관광에 대한 관심은 미미했다. 이에 본 연구는 전라북도의 대표 농촌관광마을 관광객들이 지각된 가치, 충성도가 높이고 관광객을 더 많이 유치하고 농촌관광이 활성화하고 관광업의 경쟁력 있는 농촌관광마을로 형성을 촉진하는데 도움이 줄 수 있는 향후발전 지시를 제공하는 목적이 있다. 죄종 연구목적을 실현하기 위하여 전라북도에 대표 농촌마을을 체험, 서비스품질과 브랜드자산이 범위로 농촌관광마을을 방문한 체험객들을 대상으로 2018년 9월 1일부터 10월 15일 까지 45일 간에 실제로 설문조사하였고, 분석에는 종 350부가 조사하였다. 실증분석은 SPSS 18.0 for Windows 통계패키지 프로그램이 활용되었으며, 자료 분석에는 빈도분석, 요인분석, 회귀분석 등이 실시하였다. 분석결과는 첫째, 본 연구의 인구통계결과를 살펴보면 40대 연령충이 33.4%로서 응답자의 많은 부분을 나타났다. 둘째, 농촌관광체험은 브랜드자산에 대한 긍정적인 태도를 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 농촌관광체험은 지각된 가치에 대한 긍정적인 태도를 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 농촌관광 서비스품질이 브랜드자산에 긍정적인 태도를 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. 이런 결과로 가장 높은 확률의 요인은 친밀성과, 정보성으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 농촌관광 서비스품질이 지각된 가치에 긍정적인 태도를 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. 이중 반응성이 가장 높은 확률로 나타났으며, 이것은 체험객들은 체험지도사나 운영자의 신속한 반응으로 농촌관광을 지각하는 것으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 브랜드자산이 충성도에 긍정적인 태도를 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. 농촌 체험마을에 대한 긍정적인 브랜드자산 형성을 통해 관광객들이 농촌관광에 대한 호기심을 갖게 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 일곱째, 지각된 가치는 충성도에 긍정적인 태도를 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 농촌관광체험과 농촌관광 서비스품질로 브랜드 자산과 지각된 가치가 형성한 후에는 충성도에는 높은 확률을 보이고 있다. 여덟째, 농촌관광 체험이 충성도에 긍정적인 태도를 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. 관광객의 욕구를 위하여 스트레스를 벗어난 체험프로그램과 창의적인 상품을 많이 개발하여 체험객들에게 접근해 나가야 할 것으로 생각했다 .아홉째, 농촌관광 서비스품질이 충성도에 긍정적인 태도를 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. 친밀성이 큰 영향을 나타내는 마을직원에 대한 서비스제공한 방식이 중요하고 관광객 만족감에 영향을 미친다. 열째, 브랜드자산이 지각된 가치에 긍정적인 태도를 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. 농촌관광마을의 브랜드인지도가 높다면 지역주민들과의 친밀한 유대관계를 위해 상호간 교류가 활성화되었을 것이라 추측된다. 마지막으로 지방정부가 자금, 정책, 홍보 방면에서 지역 내 농촌관광을 활성화를 위해 지원해야 한다. 마을 주인이 농촌자원을 적당히 사용하고 체험객을 많이 유치할 수 있는 체험프로그램을 개발한다. 편리하고 현대화될 농촌체험마을로 개발해야 한다. With the increasing pressure of social competition, the stress of people's lives is getting bigger and bigger during those days, the release of the mind is becoming the main target of people's work at a time when material life is being met. Although urban tourism has developed rapidly by providing diverse and diverse tourism programs, interest in rural tourism has been minimal. In this study, the purpose of the research is to provide future development directions that can help increase the value and loyalty of tourists to the rural villages in Jeollabuk-do, attract more tourists, activate rural tourism, and promote the formation of a competitive rural tourism village in the tourism industry. In order to realize the purpose of criminal research, the survey was conducted for 45 days from September 1, 2018 to October 15, 2018 for experienced tourists who visited the rural village in the range of service quality and brand assets in Jeollabuk-do, and the analysis was conducted with 350 sections. Demonstration analysis was used by the SPSS 18.0 for Windows statistical package program, and data analysis was performed by frequency analysis, factor analysis, and regression analysis. First, the demographics of the study showed a large proportion of respondents, with 33.4 percent of the population in their 40s. As this is a characteristic of rural tourism villages, the elderly are more interested in the village. Second, rural tourism experience has been shown to form a positive attitude toward brand assets. Third, rural tourism experience has been shown to form a positive attitude toward perceived value. Fourth, it was found that the quality of rural tourism services formed a positive attitude to brand assets. As a result, the highest probability factors were found to be closeness and intelligence. Based on this, the quality of service is expected to require rapid response from experienced users such as experienced guides, and accurate information on rural tourism will be needed. Fifth, it was found that the quality of the rural tourism service had a positive attitude toward perceived value. The double-response ratio was shown to be the highest, and it was shown that experienced travelers were late for the rural tour in response to the quick response of experienced trainers or operators. Sixth, brand assets have been shown to form a positive attitude toward loyalty. By creating positive brand assets for rural villages, tourists will be able to become curious about rural tourism. Seventh, perceived value has been shown to form a positive attitude to loyalty. As a result, there is a high probability of loyalty after the brand assets and perceived value are formed through the experience of rural tourism and the quality of service for rural tourism. Eighth, it was found that the experience of rural tourism formed a positive attitude toward loyalty. For the needs of tourists, we need to develop a lot of experience programs and creative products that relieve stress and gain access to visitors. Ninth, the quality of rural tourism services has been shown to form a positive attitude toward loyalty. The way in which village employees are served is important and affects tourists' satisfaction. Ten, brand assets have shown a positive attitude toward perceived value. If the brand recognition of rural tourism villages is high, it is believed that mutual exchange has been activated for close ties with local residents. Finally, the local government should support the revitalization of rural tourism in the region in terms of funding, policy and publicity. Village owners will develop experience programs to use farming villages' resources in moderation and attract more experienced visitors. It should be developed into a convenient and modern village.

On product convergence spaces and realcompact convergence ordered spaces

최효일 慶尙大學校 1987 국내박사

Yield and Quality affected by Light Deficiency and Growth Promotion of Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) by LED and Titanium Dioxide

최효길 경상대학교 대학원 2015 국내박사

A strawberry is very important horticultural crop to enhance income of farmers in South Korea. "Daewang" of octoploid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) is cultivated on many farmers of South Korea because to have a good fruit characteristics such as shape, size, aroma and hardness. Cultivation of high quality strawberry fruit, is needed a good environmental conditions as light, nutrient, soil and carbon dioxide. However, the elevation of the earth's temperature due to the carbon dioxide produced by the ever increasing use of fossil fuels, has led to serious global warming problems. The abnormal climate changes in the Korean peninsula are believed to have resulted in part from the rapid melting of the Arctic glaciers, which has been accelerated by global warming. The abnormal weather due to global warming is apparent that the frequent occurrence of cloudy days during the winter and early spring season constitutes one of the primary causes depresses the photosynthetic efficiencies of crops. Especially, a strawberry is cultivated during the winter and spring season reduced insolation conditions. Recent reduced a strawberry yield and diminished a fruit qualities are occurred with deficient insolation. This studies were carried out to investigate extent of strawberry damages under deficient insolation and to consider a countermeasure from those damages. Firstly, the experiment was conducted to investigate damage of strawberry growth and yield under deficient insolation conditions by using 40% and 70% shading curtains. Control was non-shading treatment. When strawberry plants were subjected to shading treatments, their photosynthesis and fruit yields were found to significantly depressed. Although mineral element and organic acid contents of strawberry fruits were not affected by shading treatments, total nitrogen (T-N) of the stems and roots were noticeably reduced. Furthermore, the study found that shading treatments of strawberry plants also resulted in reductions of sugar contents and total phenolics of fruits. In parallel with these observations, shading treatments were also found to depress antioxidant activities of fruits as measured with 2,2’-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Secondly, the study was carried out to confirm the effect of LED to improve strawberry yield and fruit quality under season of deficient insolation as the winter and early spring. A strawberry was planted and grown in two separated places as a growth chamber and a plastic greenhouse. It was noted that leaves of plants cultivated in the growth chamber under LED showed an elevated levels of chlorophylls than those cultivated in the plastic greenhouse. In contrary, yield of fruits were increased the strawberry plants that had been cultivated in the plastic greenhouse compared with in the growth chamber. Moreover, harvested strawberries in the plastic greenhouse were improvement of organic acid contents than those in the growth chamber. When the effects of different LED were examined, a remarkably higher production of fruits was achieved in the plastic greenhouse when the illumination was supplemented with either blue LED or overlapped LED made of blue and red wavelengths. Furthermore, it was also noted that higher accumulation of organic acids and phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds was observed in the fruits that had been cultivated in the plastic greenhouse when the illumination was supplemented with either red LED or mixed blue and red LEDs. Finally, the study was performed to confirm the effect of TiO2 solution in promoting growth of strawberry plants in a greenhouse when they suffer from insufficient solar radiation conditions during the winter season. TiO2 treatments were found to promote fruit yield as well as fruit hardness of strawberry. TiO2 treatments were also effective in raising the DPPH antioxidant activity and the glucose contents of fruits. Furthermore, amounts of photosynthetic pigments as chlorophyll a and b were found to increase when leaves of strawberry were treated with TiO2. In contrary, TiO2 solutions resulted in inhibited growth of petioles. Moreover, total phenolic compounds of fruits were also found to be decreased as a result of TiO2 treatments. Those results of the studies can estimation to decrease yield and fruit qualities when strawberry plants will be grown under deficient insolation condition. Also, it was confirmed that the effects of LED and TiO2 solution be used for cultivation countermeasure of strawberry under deficient insolation condition.