THE IMPACT OF CORRUPTION, FREEDOM OF PRESS AND ECONOMIC FREEDOM ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN UZBEKISTAN

에사너브 슈흐라트벡 Graduate school of Business Administration, the Un 2021 국내석사

As the world is globalized, more and more businesspeople tend to invest in oversea countries. In 2019 the global foreign direct investment was $1.54 trillion. Under such condition, some countries receive a lot of advantages, increasing local infrastructure and creating new vacancies. However, due to political, legal and financial issues some countries are yet to take advantages of this phenomenon. One of them is Uzbekistan, freedom of press, corruption and economic freedom appear to be the main culprit for the deterioration of free market and business world. This paper is expected to cast a light on these issues in Uzbekistan’s case. Understanding such kind of problems in-depth could also help this country carry out a feasible policy to attract foreign direct investment which in turn, is expected to boost local economy. More importantly, Uzbekistan would improve its status in international business arena.

Understanding the Korean Style of Negotiationg

Rogers, P. J Graduate School of Business Administration, Yonsei 1998 국내박사

한국에서 이루어지는 국제 비즈니스 협상이 실패로 돌아가거나 또는 성공하지 못하는 데에는 몇 가지 이유가 있다. 이렇게 실패하는 요인들 중의 일부는 비록 같은 문화나 환경에서 협상이 이루어진다고 해도 똑같이 나타날 수 있는 것들이다. 그러나 그 대부분은 잘못된 인식이나 오해 또는 과도한 기대에서 오는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구의 기본 취지는 한국에서의 독특한 협상 환경에 대해 더 많은 정보를 원하는 사람이나 한국 비즈니스 협상 전문가들에 대한 외국인들의 인식에 대한 이해를 돕기 위한 것이다. 여기서 우리는 두 가지의 각도에서 본 한국에서의 문화간 협상에 대하여 살펴볼 것이다. 첫째는 일련의 인터뷰, 개인적인 경험 그리고 인터뷰 대상자를 기초로 하고 있고, 두 번째는 조사 결과를 바탕으로 한국인과 외국인 응답자들이 대답한 한국에서 이루어지는 협상의 양상들에 초점을 맞추었다. 이 조사를 통해 우리는 한국인과 외국인들의 인식이 상당부분 다르다는 것과 외국인들이 한국에서의 문화간 협상에서 자주 부딪히는 인식의 함정들이 어떠한 것들인지도 보여주고 있다. 이 연구는 한국에서의 협상 비즈니스 문화에 대한 이해를 도와줄 것이다. 대부분의 국제 비즈니스인들은 이러한 문화적 차이를 간과해 이것이 결국은 협상 실패의 주 요인이 되기도 한다. 이 연구에서 문화적 차이는 개념에 대한 서로 다른 이해로서 보여주고 있다. 협상을 원활히 진행하기 위해 염두에 두어야 할 몇 가지가 있다. 1) 한국 문화에 대하여 배워라; 2) 첫번째 제의를 받아들이지 말아라; 3) 일방적인 양보는 피하라; 4) 추후 일어날 가능성이 있는 문화적 차이에 대해 신경 써라; 5) 발언할 때에는 정확하고 분명하게 하라; 6) 자신이 왜 그 비즈니스를 원하는 지 이유를 전달하라; 7) 자신의 도덕적 가치와 부딪히지 않는다면 자신의 스타일을 환경에 맞게 변화시켜라; 8) 협상에 대한 의식을 키워라; 9) 경청하는 습관을 가져라; 10) 항상 준비하라; 11) 높이 보고; 12) 인내심을 가져라; 13) 상대를 만족시키는 것에 초점을 맞춰라; 14) 먼저 움직이지 말라 15) 사람들이 생각하는 방식에 대해 속단하지 마라; 16) 한국 문화에 대해 잘 알지 못함을 알리고 배우도록 노력하라; 17) 적극적으로 대처하라. 기업이나 개인 모두 목표를 달성하기 위해 극복해야 할 많은 장애물을 겪게 된다. 그 중 목표를 성공적으로 이루기 위해 참아내야 할 가장 중요한 두 가지 장애물은, 첫째로 서로 영어로 소통할 수 있는 능력, 두 번째로는 그들의 인식과 기대에서 발생하는 문제점들이다. 모든 사람들이 언어의 장벽이 존재한다는 사실을 인식하고 있지만 그것이 얼마나 큰 장벽인지 대부분이 깨닫지 못하고 있다. 이것은 단지 상대방이 말하는 단어들만을 이해하는 것을 떠나 실제로 어떤 내용들이 오가고 있는지를 알아야 한다는 것이다. 본 논문에서 이러한 많은 부분들이 정리되어 있다. 그러나 모든 기준에는 항상 예외가 있으므로 여기에 서술된 내용들이 완벽하게 옳다고 판단하는 오류를 범하지 않길 바란다. Business negotiations in general are often very difficult. Success in negotiations requires a great amount of information and experience. Information is needed to know all there is to about the matter to be discussed and the experience is necessary to know when, where, how and what you need to say t o obtain the desired results. International business negotiations requires an extra amount of information and experience when compared to domestic negotiations. Anytime international negotiations take place, there are also more variables that come into play. These variables cause the parties involved to pay much more attention then to subtle nonverbal cues. There are a number of. potential reasons why international business negotiations either fail or are not totally successful in South Korea. Some of these reasons for failure would be the same for negotiations between persons of the same cultures and backgrounds. However, many of them are one or a combination of wrong perceptions, misunderstandings, or over expectations. The basis of this study is for individuals who need more information on the unique negotiating environment in Korea and also for Korean negotiators who would like to gain a little more insight into how they are perceived by non-Koreans. Ideally, you will know your negotiating counterpart well enough to predict their subsequent moves and counter offers. This is most difficult to know when entering international negotiations. This research will look at cross-cultural negotiations in Korea from two different angles. The first will be based on a series of interviews, personal experiences, and research. Another will be based on some the results of a survey that was completed amongst both Korean and foreign businesspersons working in South Korea. This research will also include those areas in which the Korean perception and the non-Korean perception were significantly different. The published research added to this study will also substantiate the views and opinions offered. I will also include a section of some perceptual traps that foreigners working in Korea often make when approaching cross-cultural negotiation in Korea. In the international marketplace where more variables come into play, such as basic knowledge of even general background information, you need any additional data about your counterpart to even the playing field. This study will elevate your understanding of the Korean business culture in negotiations and possibly change your current perspective. Many international business people often times ignore the cultural differences which can often hurt their opportunities of success. Understanding major cultural differences can be paramount where negotiations are concerned. Some of the Cultural differences noted in this research include: different understandings of cultural ideas; what it means to plan and implement as opposed t o pacifying a client: and finally, the need for personal space. There are a number of items that must be kept in mind to make negotiations run smooth and more effective. These include: 1) Educate yourself about Korean culture; 2) Don't accept the first offer; 3) Don't make unilateral concessions; 4) Be sensitive to possible culture gaps; 5) Be clear and precise in speaking; 6) Convey the reasons why you want t o do business; 7) Adapt your style, whenever possible and when it does not clash with your ethical values; 8) Develop negotiation consciousness; 9) Become a good listener. 10) Be prepared; 11) Aim high; 12) Be patient; 13) Focus on satisfaction; 14) Don't make the first move; 15) Toss out your assumptions about the way people think; 16) Offer your uneducatedness about the Korean culture and you willingness t o learn; 17)Always be willing to walk away. Both firms and individuals face a perplexing number of obstacles to overcome in order to reach the end goal. Two significant obstacles barring them from successfully obtaining their goal are first, being able to communicate bilaterally in English and second, problem is with their expectations and perceptions(Spector 1998). Everyone knows the language barrier exist, but most do not realize how great it is. It can go f a r beyond just understanding the words someone is speaking, but more so what is actually being communicated. Many things in this thesis are, in fact and by necessity, generalized. There will always be exceptions to every understood norm. The reader should be cautioned to not take each point of the article as a statement of absolute truth. There is almost always a variable.

Impact of Product Quality, Service Quality, Contextual Experience, and Locational Accessibility on Customer Satisfaction and Repurchase Intention for Convenience Retail Shops

소 디바인 충궁 The Graduate School of Business Administration, Un 2021 국내석사

The rapid growth in competition among all types of retail business has posed several challenges for them regarding maintaining their customers and achieving business objectives that is focus with exchange relationship with customers that could yield greater business profits in the long term. For this reason, focusing on customer re-purchase intention has become very important for improving retail business performance and competitiveness. Recognizing that high satisfaction leads to repurchase intention, companies today are aiming for total customer satisfaction, for this reason this article explains the relative impact of product quality, service quality and contextual experience on customer satisfaction and intention to shop in the future. The data was collected using questionnaire that was design on Google forms with which data was collected from over 220 convenience stores customers living in Korea. The data was analyzed to measure the impact of product quality, service quality, contextual experience, and locational accessibility on customer satisfaction and customers future intentions to shop at a convenience store. The contribution of customer satisfaction to future buying intention was also measured using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), Amos was used to estimates the overall fitness of the model. It was found that product quality, service quality and contextual experience have a major influence on customer satisfaction and re-purchase intention. Out of the five hypothesis that was analyzed three were statistically significant that is hypothesis 1, stating the relationship between product quality on consumer satisfaction, hypothesis 4, stating the relationship between locational accessibility on customer satisfaction and hypothesis 5, stating the relationship between customer satisfaction on repurchase intention. furthermore, two where statistically not significant which are hypothesis 2, stating the relationship between service quality and consumer satisfaction as well as hypothesis 3, stating the relationship between contextual experience and customer satisfaction. Managers can analyze the result of this study to make require improvements where necessary for the purpose of boasting up customer repurchase intention to shop at convenience stores.

할인업태와 백화점간의 핵심 경쟁요인들의 비교분석 연구

Kwon, Hyuk-Joong Graduate School of Business Administration, Yonsei 1997 국내석사

온라인 브랜드커뮤니티에의 소비자 참여가 행동의도에 미치는 영향

Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao The graduate school of Business Administration, un 2013 국내석사

The online brand community has become a powerful tool giving insights into consumer needs and behavioral intentions. This study explores how online brand communities affect consumer behavioral intentions through consumer participation in an online brand community and what motivates consumers to take part in the community activities. This is a survey-based study, conducted with 213 community members and employing structural equation modeling methodology. SPSS 20 and AMOS 20 are used to test the hypotheses. The findings suggest that members of brand communities have these motives for participating in online community activities: trust, perceived functional benefits, social benefits, perceived costs (indirectly via consumer attitude towards participation in the community), and time pressure. The results also verify that the consumer participation affects consumer behavioral intentions in a way that benefits the brand-holding firm. Participation increases the intention to purchase, the intention to create positive word-of-mouth and the intention to make constructive suggestions, and reduces the propensity to leave the relationship with the brand community. Based on the findings, the author also gives some implications of the study and directions for future research.

A Study on the Effects of Colors, as Sales Promotion Tool, on Consumer Responses

Ahn, Tae Seop GRADUATE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION UNIVERS 2005 국내석사

Colors that stimulate the sentiments of consumers are indispensable in today's marketing managemnet paradigm. While companies apply and combile marketing-related sciences to engage in new marketing strategies, color strategies are critical for them to adapt themselves to changes in external environments, and furthermore, create and lead changes themselves. We are witnessing a rapidly changing era. The power of colors helps large companies to build their image and gain reputation for their products. The more power and influence colors yield, the more customer needs are created. Colors exercise great influence on product elements such as product development and planing, merchandising and packaging, and marketing mixes derived from related service mixes, advertisements, PR, POP(Point of Purchase), display, interior design, and communication mixes. Companies can use colors to promote sale, increase sales volumes, and create high added values, and new demands of the general public can be found with color marketing. Colors are a indispensable element of their daily living. Now products which make great use of colors can sell. Nevertheless, colors should not be understood as a simple marketing theory. Colors need to be extracted based on research of consumer's sentiments and images, and a new marketing theory should be established based on such research results. Colors marketing requires revolutionary thinking. Understanding Color marketing does not simply mean knowing colors and refining one's sense of colors. Color marketing is a realistic strategy that can read trends of an age. It is increasingly recognized as the most effective tool to renew corporate marketing concepts. Color marketing is emerging as a core concept in marketing strategies as consumer senses mature and the quality of living improves. The purpose of this research aims to learn about what impacts color marketing strategies have on consumers' purchase behaviors and more effective and plausible ways to set up marketing strategies

THE EFFECT OF USING CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT ON CONSUMER’S PURCHASE INTENTION AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORK

부 득 민 The Graduate School of Business Administration, Un 2017 국내석사

Using celebrities as brands’ or products’ images is popular in modern advertising. With the explosion of the Internet age and social media, advertisers have a variety of choices to hire celebrities as their endorsers. This paper aims to study the effectiveness of using celebrity endorsement by examining the relationship of consumers’ motives and advertising appeal with their product knowledge and brand attitude. And then it measures the proficiency of the mediate variables and how they affect the advertiser’s purposes – increases of purchase intention and brand community participation. By surveying 226 online respondents, this study tried to give an empirical study to the literature. The data were analyzed by using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that consumers with playful motive and consumers with aspirational motive behave and perceive differently on their product knowledge and brand attitude. Advertising appeals also have impacts on these two mediators. This study also found that product knowledge is a good indicator of influencing consumers’ purchase intention and their participation in brand community. On the other hand, their brand attitudes do not have the same effects on the two dependent variables. Based on the findings, managerial implications and directions for future research are also proposed in this study.