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Hierarchical Citizenship in Perspective: South Korea’s Korean Chinese
박우 서울대학교 사회발전연구소 2017 Journal of Asian Sociology Vol.46 No.3
This article analyzes the regulations governing citizenship status for immigrants in South Korea under globalization. It focuses on the Joseonjok (Korean Chinese), a group who live in Korea under a hierarchy of three different citizenship statuses: “the Special Status of Overseas Korean (jaeoedongpo)”, the “Foreign Korean Worker (dongponodongja)” status, and the “Foreign Worker (oeguginnodongja)” status. It examines the logic behind these statuses’ creation, development and the different socio-economic rights they grant. The paper shows how citizenship policies for immigrants (or foreign workers) have changed in line with the neoliberal transformation brought about by South Korea’s economic globalization: the original nationalistic basis of the country’s policies towards overseas ethnic Koreans has been adapted and subordinated to practical industrial and economic needs, and the hierarchy of citizenship statuses for Joseonjok is a concrete reflection of this complex economistic process.
End-of-Life and Hospice Issues in Korean Aging Society
Yi-Jong Suh 서울대학교 사회발전연구소 2016 Journal of Asian Sociology Vol.45 No.2
This paper deals with legal and institutional aspects of end-of-life and hospice issues in Korea. With the high speed of aging in Korean society we face end-of-life issues and policies at the terminal stage. Policies on life-sustaining treatment decisions to death in later life were developed from the 2000’s and legislated into the Cancer Control Act in 2010. It was not until February 2016 that the Cancer Control Act was a legal provision of hospice and palliative care even for terminal cancer patients. The Cancer Control Act made an impact on the institutional and financial situations of hospice and palliative care. The first impact is a medical care-centered care flow and a transfer model for hospice and palliative care. Public policies focus on hospice services inside general hospitals, so that independent hospice centers or community services are underdeveloped. The second impact is a patient-initiated decision model into hospice and palliative care. Physicians had no legal obligation to explain to patients their terminal situation and prognosis and could inform them only when they choose Therefore, it was not until July 2015 that hospice and palliative care was covered by the public health insurance system.
A Typology of Organizational Behavior
Kang Jeong-han(강정한),Han Sang Won(한상원) 서울대학교 사회발전연구소 2010 Journal of Asian Sociology Vol.39 No.2
Four modes of organizational behavior are proposed by crossing two behavioral dimensions adopted from organizational ecology (inertia vs. change) and neoinstitutionalism (normative vs. deviant). Those four modes are innovative (deviant change), reformative (normative change), conservative (normative inertia), and reactionary (deviant inertia) modes in the life-cycle of organizational behavior. Also identified are two distributional characteristics underlying each behavioral dimension: low risk vs. high risk underlying inertia vs. change, and certainty vs. uncertainty underlying normative vs. deviant. Through the integration of inertia-conformity and risk-uncertainty dimensions, hypotheses are generated on how transition to the next mode can be either promoted or hindered by sociopolitical resources at the organizational level and by intervention of the state and the civil society at the societal level. The typology and hypotheses outlined in this paper aim to further theoretical articulation and empirical tests on the evolutionary dynamics of organizational forms and institutions in the market.
Legal and Ethical Issues Regarding End-of-Life Care in Korea
최경석 서울대학교 사회발전연구소 2016 Journal of Asian Sociology Vol.45 No.1
Korea legislated withdrawing or withholding life-sustaining treatment after the Korean Supreme Court Decision on Grandma Kim’s Case. However, the Proposal for Legislation by the Korean National Bioethics Committee and the Supreme Court decision have some limitations. Both limits the patient’s ability to decide to withdraw or withhold lifesustaining treatment to cases involving a dying patient who is about to die. The Hospice and Life-sustaining Treatment Act also reflected this limitation. Only POLST signed by competent patients themselves is fully respected as a patient’s wishes. The Supreme Court decision reveals theoretical confusion between the principle of respecting autonomy and that of a patient’s best interest. Even though the Proposal and the Act outline certain procedures for surrogate decision-making, they may be problematic in that they place a heavy weight on family members’ decision making. This limitation should be overcome with ethical, legal, and sociological studies. Despites this limitation, any legislation based on the Proposal was needed in Korea. Building a medical system with better palliative care or hospice care should be emphasized to prevent the abuse of withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment. The values of familism should be balanced with those of autonomy.
Yan Zi,Song Chengcheng 서울대학교 사회발전연구소 2021 Journal of Asian Sociology Vol.50 No.3
The twenty-first century witnessed dramatic changes in family structure, demographics, and values in East Asian societies. However, little is known about how gender role attitudes influence values toward caring for older adults among contemporary East Asian societies. By using individual-level data from the 2012 China General Social Survey, the 2012 Japan General Social Survey, and the 2012 Korean General Social Survey, this study sheds light on how adult children (aged 20-60) think about caring for older adults in a context of changing family structure, demographics, and social norms. Binary logistic regression estimation results reveal that, first, compared with Japan, traditional filial piety was less eroded in China and South Korea. Second, gender role attitudes play a significant role in adult children’s values toward caring for older adults, especially among Japanese adult children; maintaining traditional gender role attitudes would intensify adult children’s familial filial piety. Third, compared with men, women are less likely to prefer individual and family as caregivers for their older parents.