http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Preoperative N Staging of Gastric Cancer by Stomach Protocol Computed Tomography
Kim, Se Hoon,Kim, Jeong Jae,Lee, Jeong Sub,Kim, Seung Hyoung,Kim, Bong Soo,Maeng, Young Hee,Hyun, Chang Lim,Kim, Min Jeong,Jeong, In Ho The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2013 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.13 No.3
Purpose: Clinical stage of gastric cancer is currently assessed by computed tomography. Accurate clinical staging is important for the tailoring of therapy. This study evaluated the accuracy of clinical N staging using stomach protocol computed tomography. Materials and Methods: Between March 2004 and November 2012, 171 patients with gastric cancer underwent preoperative stomach protocol computed tomography (Jeju National University Hospital; Jeju, Korea). Their demographic and clinical characteristics were reviewed retrospectively. Two radiologists evaluated cN staging using axial and coronal computed tomography images, and cN stage was matched with pathologic results. The diagnostic accuracy of stomach protocol computed tomography for clinical N staging and clinical characteristics associated with diagnostic accuracy were evaluated. Results: The overall accuracy of stomach protocol computed tomography for cN staging was 63.2%. Computed tomography images of slice thickness 3.0 mm had a sensitivity of 60.0%; a specificity of 89.6%; an accuracy of 78.4%; and a positive predictive value of 78.0% in detecting lymph node metastases. Underestimation of cN stage was associated with larger tumor size (P<0.001), undifferentiated type (P=0.003), diffuse type (P=0.020), more advanced pathologic stage (P<0.001), and larger numbers of harvested and metastatic lymph nodes (P<0.001 each). Tumor differentiation was an independent factor affecting underestimation by computed tomography (P=0.045). Conclusions: Computed tomography with a size criterion of 8 mm is highly specific but relatively insensitive in detecting nodal metastases. Physicians should keep in mind that computed tomography may not be an appropriate tool to detect nodal metastases for choosing appropriate treatment.
Kim, Hyun-Chul,Park, Se Hee,Noh, Jin Hyung,Choi, Jaewon,Lee, Seunghak,Maeng, Sung Kyu Elsevier 2019 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.377 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A hybrid process of managed aquifer recharge with pre-oxidation was investigated as part of a multiple-barrier approach for safe water production. This study evaluated O<SUB>3</SUB> and O<SUB>3</SUB>/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> for the pre-oxidation of urban surface water prior to managed aquifer recharge (MAR) and compared their effectiveness with respect to trace organic contaminants (TrOCs), biostability, and trihalomethane formation potential. The combination of pre-oxidation and MAR was performed using long-term column studies, and the results confirmed the removal of 64 and 56% dissolved organic carbon by using O<SUB>3</SUB> and O<SUB>3</SUB>/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>, respectively. MAR combined with O<SUB>3</SUB> and O<SUB>3</SUB>/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> achieved >50% removal of dissolved organic carbon with the first 5 days of residence time. O<SUB>3</SUB> alone showed better performance in alleviating trihalomethane formation potential during chlorination compared to using O<SUB>3</SUB>/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>. The pre-oxidation of urban surface water was effective in attenuating selected TrOCs (35 - >99% removal), and subsequent MAR achieved >99% removal of selected TrOCs within the first 5 days, regardless of pretreatment methods examined in this study. The results of this study provide an understanding of the effects of O<SUB>3</SUB> and O<SUB>3</SUB>/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> as pre-oxidation processes on urban surface water prior to MAR, as well as the resulting impact on MAR.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The effective removal of selected TrOCs observed in MAR combined with O<SUB>3</SUB> and O<SUB>3</SUB>/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2.</SUB> </LI> <LI> MAR showed better performance in reducing CHCl<SUB>3</SUB> via coupling with O<SUB>3</SUB> alone. </LI> <LI> MAR combined with O<SUB>3</SUB> and O<SUB>3</SUB>/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> achieved >50% removal of DOC within the first 5 days. </LI> <LI> Pre-oxidation with MAR improved biological stability. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
( Ji Hyun Lee ),( Chul Seung Kay ),( Lee So Maeng ),( Se Jeong Oh ),( An Hi Lee ),( Jeong Deuk Lee ),( Chi Wha Han ),( Sang Hyun Cho ) 대한피부과학회 2009 Annals of Dermatology Vol.21 No.4
Background: Radiation therapy (RT) including tomotherapy has been widely used to treat primary tumors, as well as to alleviate the symptoms of metastatic cancers. Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of the clinical features and pathophysiological mechanisms associated with acute radiation dermatitis in cancer patients that received tomotherapy, and compare the results to patients treated by conventional radiation therapy. Methods: The study population consisted of 11 patients that were referred to the dermatology department because of radiation dermatitis after receiving tomotherapy; all patients were evaluated for clinical severity. The patients were assessed and identified using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria version (CTC) 3.0. We performed biopsies of the skin lesions that were examined for apoptosis using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labelling (TUNEL) assay and stained immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies to CD8, CD4 and TGF-β. As a positive control, patients with radiation dermatitis treated with conventional radiation therapy were also studied. Results: The results of the clinical features of the skin of tomotherapy patients were the following: grade 1 (36%), grade 2 (55%) and other changes (9%). Among the population that had skin lesions due to acute radiation dermatitis, the mean number of positive cells per high power field (HPF) was the following: there were 30.50±7.50 TUNEL-positive cells, 34.60±12.50 CD8+T cells, 5.19±3.17 CD4+T cells and 9.95±1.33 TGF-β positive cells measured per HPF. The mean number of positive cells per HPF for the patients that received conventional radiation therapy was: TUNLEL-positive cells in 7.5±1.64, CD8-, CD4- and TGF-β-positive cells in 12.50±3.73, 3.16±1.47, 6.50±1.97. Conclusion: We found that the number of TUNEL-positive cells and CD8+T cells were higher in the lesions of patients receiving tomotherapy compared to the lesions of the patients receiving conventional radiation therapy. These findings suggest that tomotherapy without dose modification may cause significantly more severe forms of radiation dermatitis by apoptosis and cytotoxic immune responses than conventional radiation therapy. (Ann Dermatol 21(4) 358~363, 2009)
남세현 ( Nam Se Hyun ),김맹호 ( Kim Maeng Ho ) 한국기초조형학회 2019 기초조형학연구 Vol.20 No.1
화폐의 등장과 함께 보안기술이 활용되기 시작했다. 그 사용 분야가 점차 확대되면서 현재는 은행권뿐만 아니라기업 및 제품 브랜드까지 보안과 관련되어 있다. 은행권은 주·부제와 보안기술이 정교한 방법에 의하여 결합된다. 따라서 보안 디자인은 사용자들이 쉽고 편리하게 진위를 확인할 수 있는 방법을 제공함으로써 브랜드 가치를 보호한다. 그러나 기업의 보안기술 사용 현황을 살펴보면 많이 미흡한 것이 현실이다. 무엇보다 그들이 필요로 하는 보안 디자인 연구 자료가 거의 없다는 사실이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 G20국가 고액권을 분석하여 그 특성을 파악하였다. 그 다음 기업들의 브랜드 보호 현황을 분석하는 방법으로 보안 디자인 방법을 제시하였다. 첫 번째, 브랜드 보안 디자인은 기업 및 제품 이미지를 충분하게 반영해야 한다. 또한 디자인 구성요소의 각종 정보내용과 보안기술을 효과적으로 결합하고 색상 및 형태 차별을 통하여 기능성을 향상시켜야 한다. 두 번째, 사용자들이 쉽고 빠르게 진위를 확인할 수 있도록 보안기술을 구성해야 한다. 또한 제품의 특성에 따라 보안기술 적용 방법을 달리해야 한다. 세 번째, 보안요소를 적용하기 위해서는 경제성과 이용의 편리, 기술을 서로 겹치도록 구성하야하며 비공개 요소를 적용해야 한다. With the advent of money, security features has been used. With its use expanding, it now includes not only banknote but also corporate and product brand protection. The banknote combines theme and security technologies in precise ways. Thus, security design protects brand values by providing users with an easy and convenient way to verify the authenticity. However, when looking at the current state of companies' use of security features. Most of all, there is little data from security design research that companies need. Therefore, in this study, the high denomination banknote of the G20 countries were analyzed the characteristics. And we proposed a security design method by analyzing the brand protection status of companies. First, the brand security design should reflect enough corporate and product images. Also, it is necessary to effectively combine the various information contents of the design component and the security features and improve the functionality through color and shape discrimination. Second, security features must be configured to allow users to quickly and easily verify authenticity. Also, the method of application of security feature should be different according to the characteristics of the product. Third, in order to apply the security element, it is necessary to configure the economic efficiency, the convenience of use and the security feature to overlap with each other and apply the closed security element.