Patterns of growth in academic libraries of four-year, state-supported institutions of Louisiana and South Carolina, 1960-1979 : a comparative study

Jarred, Ada Delony University Microfilms International 1996 국내박사

Assessment of Cartilage Contact and Early Degeneration Following ACL Reconstruction

Kaiser, Jarred The University of Wisconsin - Madison 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

While ACL-reconstruction following injury restores knee stability and allows patients to return to activity, rates of early osteoarthritis post-surgery are high, with some reports as high as 80% of patients showing degeneration within 20 years. Many believe that early OA is due to residual abnormalities in joint mechanics after ACL-reconstruction. Proving a direct link between altered mechanics and cartilage degeneration, however, requires an imaging modality which can both measure in vivo joint motion with high accuracy and detect early degeneration. This thesis uses a new dynamic imaging sequence to measure in vivo joint motion and advanced quantitative MR sequences to assess cartilage composition to investigate potential links between cartilage loading and degeneration following ACL-reconstruction. We first validated the novel dynamic MR sequence, termed SPGR-VIPR, showing it is able to track tibiofemoral rotations and translations with precisions less than 0.8° and 0.5 mm, respectively. We then confirmed that healthy subjects exhibit bilateral symmetry in tibiofemoral kinematics during active knee flexion, which supports the use of the contralateral knee as a control in ACL-reconstructed knees. We then performed the dynamic imaging protocol on patients who previously had unilateral, primary ACL-reconstruction 1-3 years prior. We found that an inertial loading paradigm elicited significant asymmetries in knee kinematics, with the ACL-reconstructed knees exhibiting greater external tibial (~2°) and patellar (~1.3°) rotation during active flexion. These kinematic abnormalities lead to a shift in contact in both the medial and lateral tibial plateaus. The quantitative MR sequence, termed MC-DESPOT, also identified a significant decrease in proteoglycan-bound water metrics in both the medial and lateral tibial plateau, which may be indicative of early cartilage degeneration. We conclude that early biomarkers of osteoarthritis coincide with the time at which abnormal knee mechanics can be observed in ACL-reconstructed knees.

The application of polyketide natural product GEX1A to Niemann-Pick type C disease

Pickering, Jarred R. E University of Notre Dame 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

Niemann-Pick type C is a rare and fatal disease that results in the accumulation of cholesterol within lysosomes. A monogenic disorder that shows recessive inheritance, there is currently no FDA approved treatment for this terrible disease. Research efforts have implicated the role of the NPC1 and NPC2 proteins in cholesterol trafficking within lysosomes. Histone deacetylase inhibitors, such as trichostatin A and vorinostat, have recently been shown to restore cholesterol homeostasis in Niemann-Pick type C mutant cell lines. This has been attributed to their ability to upregulate the expression of the NPC1 protein. In 1997, type I polyketide natural product GEX1A was shown to regulate cholesterol in a manner comparable to that of trichostatin A. Unlike trichostatin A, GEX1A does not impact histone acetylation. Rather, GEX1A modulates alternative pre-mRNA splicing by targeting the SF3b subunit of the spliceosome. Our laboratory determined that the novel cholesterol activity of GEX1A merited further investigation within the context of Niemann-Pick type C. Through isolation of natural GEX1A from its producing organism, our laboratory has demonstrated that GEX1A represents a novel therapeutic candidate for Niemann-Pick type C. Specifically, GEX1A restores cholesterol homeostasis in NPC1 mutant cell lines and cells induced with the disease associated phenotype. To expand on these initial studies, our laboratory targeted novel structural analogues of GEX1A through a synthetic and semi-synthetic approach, in an effort to discern the pharmacophore responsible for this unique cholesterol regulatory ability. A synthetic strategy was devised that produced two novel analogues, as well as an additional compound that had previously been disclosed in the literature. Semi-synthesis of the natural product also generated a number of analogues, with a particular focus on the manipulation of the C18 hydroxyl moiety of GEX1A. The efficacy of these compounds with respect to restoring cholesterol homeostasis in Niemann-Pick type C mutant cell lines was examined, and the data has provided valuable insights regarding the structure and activity of GEX1A. Ultimately, the results of these studies have demonstrated that GEX1A represents a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of Niemann-Pick type C disease. This advocates that other natural products that modulate alternative splicing warrant further investigation as targets for the treatment of Niemann-Pick type C.

Ion Plume Damage in Formation Flight Regimes

Young, Jarred Alexander University of Maryland, College Park ProQuest Diss 2017 해외박사(DDOD)

This effort examines the potential for damage from plume impingement from an electric propulsion system within spacecraft missions that utilize a formation flight architecture. Specifically, the potential erosion of a structural material (Aluminum) and anti-reflective coatings for solar cell coverglass are explored. Sputter yields for the materials of Aluminum, Magnesium Fluoride, and Indium Tin Oxide are experimentally validated using an electrostatic ion source at energies varying from 500--1500 eV. Erosion depths are analyzed using white-light optical profilometry to measure potential depths up to 1 microm. This erosion data was then utilized to create (or augment) Bohdansky and Yamamura theoretical curve fits for multiple incidence angles to look at theoretical sputter effects within formation flight regimes at multiple formation distances from 50--1000 m. The damage from these electric propulsion plumes is explored throughout multiple orbital conditions from LEO, Sun-Synchronous, and GEO. Factors affecting erosion are: plume density, local geomagnetic field environment and incidence angles of target surfaces. Results from this simulated study show significant erosion with GEO with minor erosion in some LEO and all Sun-Synchronous cases.

Moore-Greig Designs: A new combinatorial structure

Collins, Jarred T University of Rhode Island 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

Mathematicians began studying the generalized whist tournament in the late 1990's. As with traditional whist tournaments (that is, whist tournaments with 4 players per game), many specializations can be examined. In this study, we have combined the methods of Moore and Greig and introduced a new design, called a Moore - Greig Design. This design is an RBIBD that contains, simultaneously, nested RBIBDs, nested GWhDs, many GWhDas, frames, nested frames, GWh-Frames, nested GWhFrames, GWhaFrames, RRDFs and nested RRDFs. All of these designs are Z-cyclic. Additionally, several infinite classes of these Moore - Greig Designs are new.

The instructional leadership proficiencies of elementary principals: A study of preparation and continuing professional development needs

Cotton, Jarred Ashley The George Washington University 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

With the onset of the accountability movement, today's principals are expected to serve as instructional leaders for their schools. In this role, principals are tasked to improve teaching and student achievement. However, researchers have found that principals are not adequately prepared for this role. This study was undertaken to determine the professional needs of elementary principals in the area of instructional leadership. Furthermore, sources of professional development and factors that influence principal participation in professional development activities were investigated. A questionnaire, modified from a study by Palladino (1998), was mailed to 330 elementary principals in the Commonwealth of Virginia. A total of 142 surveys were analyzed to answer the research questions proposed. The survey was used to determine elementary principals' perceptions of the importance of identified instructional leadership proficiencies and their need for professional development in each proficiency area. The most valuable source of professional development and factors important in determining participation in professional development activities were also investigated. According to findings, principals perceived all instructional leadership proficiency areas to be important to their role as an instructional leader. These key proficiency areas included: setting a vision, mission, and goals, supervising teachers and teaching, managing curriculum and instruction, monitoring student progress, and promoting professional development. Principals did not, however, indicate a high need for professional development in the identified task areas. This contradicted the findings of earlier studies related to principal development. More principals than expected identified the workshop conference professional development model as the most valuable source of professional development in all areas of instructional leadership. Considerably fewer principals than expected identified college/university course as their most valuable source of professional development in each area. In addition, principals identified the importance of professional development activities that are consistent with school goals, increase their personal knowledge base and skills, align with their personal goals, and apply immediately to their work.

Permanent Magnets and Electromechanical Control Systems for Spectroscopy and Low Field Communication

Glickstein, Jarred S Case Western Reserve University ProQuest Dissertat 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

This thesis shows that permanent magnets and electromechanical control systems can enable power-efficient, high-sensitivity, low-noise modalities for spectroscopy and wireless communication. Specifically I present two examples. The first is a radio frequency (RF) spectrometer which uses a detector cooled to 77 K to maximize measurement sensitivity, coupled with a minimally-intrusive network of active duplexers and mechanical contact switches to realize a reconfigurable series/parallel resonant network. I present a receiver which combines the highly sensitive analog frontend instrumentation with a mixed signal embedded system to monitor and control secondary processes. The cryogenic system increases the measurement signal to noise ratio (SNR) by a factor of 10x.The second example is an extremely low frequency (ELF) communication system which uses a mechanically-rotated dipole instead of an electrical antenna to generate the oscillating field of the transmitter. I show how a synchronous digital controller can maintain stable control over the dynamic process while a complementary embedded system modulates the set-point and monitors the channel. My transmitter achieves a power efficiency 7.6? greater than an equivalent electrical antenna in a device small enough to be moved by one person. I carrythe transmitter into a cave and demonstrate cave-to-surface message transmission through 15 m of rock and frozen soil in a real-world field test.I present each solution in the context of scientific and human motivation, and explore tradeoffs required to achieve design goals. Emphasis is also placed on whether there exists a position of harmony and balance, where one may reasonably proclaim the optimum implementation has been achieved. The receiver is relatively more complex than the transmitter in the case of RF spectroscopy. In the case of ELF communication it is the reverse.

Thermo-Mechanical Model Development and Experimental Validation for Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing Processes

Heigel, Jarred C The Pennsylvania State University ProQuest Dissert 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

Additive manufacturing (AM) enables parts to be built through the layer-by-layer addition of molten metal. In directed energy deposition (DED) AM, metal powder or wire is added into a melt pool that follows a pattern to fill in the cross section of the part. When compared to traditional manufacturing processes, AM has many advantages such as the ability to make internal features and to repair high-value parts. However, the large thermal gradients generated by AM result in plastic deformation. Thermo-mechanical models must be developed to predict the temperature and distortion produced by this process. Thermo-mechanical models have been developed for AM by several investigators. These models are often validated by measuring the temperatures during the deposition of a small part and the final distortion of the part. Unfortunately this is not a sufficient validation method for the non-linear thermo-mechanical model. Although good agreement between the thermal model and the temperatures measured during a small depositions can be achieved, it does not necessarily mean that the model will be accurate for an industrially relevant part that requires 102 - 104 tracks and hours of processing time. The relatively small deviations between the model and the validation will propagate when modeling large depositions and could produce inaccurate results. The errors in a large part will be increased further if the assumptions made of the thermal boundary conditions are not appropriate for the system. The objective of this work is to develop and experimentally validate thermo-mechanical models for DED. Experiments are performed to characterize the distortion induced by laser cladding. The depositions require many tracks and nearly an hour of processing time, during which the temperature and the deflection are measured in situ so that the response of the plate to each deposition track is understood. Measurements are then made of the convection caused by two different laser deposition heads. Thermo-mechanical models are developed by implementing the measured rate of convective heat transfer and the temperature dependent material properties. The models are validated using in situ measurements of the temperature and the deflection generated during the process, as well as post-process measurements of the residual stress and the distorted shape. Finally, experiments and models are used to investigate the impact of feedstock selection, either powder or wire, on the DED process.

Policy enforcement via program monitoring

Ligatti, Jarred Adam Princeton University 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

One way to guarantee that software behaves securely is to monitor programs at run time and check that they dynamically adhere to constraints specified by a security policy. Whenever a program monitor detects that untrusted software is attempting to execute a dangerous action, it takes remedial steps to ensure that only safe code actually gets executed. This thesis considers the space of policies enforceable by monitoring the run-time behaviors of programs and develops a practical language for specifying monitors' policies. In order to delineate the space of policies that monitors can enforce, we first have to define exactly what it means for a monitor to enforce a policy. We therefore begin by building a formal framework for analyzing policy enforcement; we precisely define policies, monitors, and enforcement. Having this framework allows us to consider the enforcement powers of program monitors and prove that they enforce an interesting set of policies that we define and call the infinite renewal properties. We show how, when given any reasonable infinite renewal property, to construct a program monitor that provably enforces that policy. In practice, the security policies enforced by program monitors grow more complex both as the monitored software is given new capabilities and as policies are refined in response to attacks and user feedback. We propose dealing with policy complexity by organizing policies in such a way as to make them composeable, so that complex policies can be specified more simply as compositions of smaller spicily modules. We present a fully implemented language and system called Polymer that allows security engineers to specify and enforce composeable policies on Java applications. We also formalize the central workings of Polymer by defining an unambiguous semantics for our language.

Evaluation of Glutamine Supplementation on Broiler Performance, Intestinal Immune Parameters, and Immunity Acquisition During Experimental Enteric Challenge Models

Oxford, Jarred Hugh ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Geor 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

Enteric challenges play a significant role in poultry production due to their effects on nutrient digestibility and utilization. Glutamine was traditionally considered as a non-essential amino acid in humans and other animals; however, recent research has begun to provide evidence that glutamine is conditionally essential during times of enteric challenge. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of glutamine supplementation during enteric challenges and immunity acquisition. The first study demonstrated that glutamine supplementation improved intestinal health during an experimental coccidiosis infection through increased tight junction mRNA expression and improved jejunal morphology. The second study demonstrated that serum glutamine concentrations were significantly affected during an experimental necrotic enteritis infection and that glutamine supplementation helped improve serum glutamine concentrations during this time. Supplementation of glutamine at 0.5% increased IL-10 and Claudin-1 mRNA expression, which translated to reduced intestinal permeability. This study also showed that supplementation of glutamine at 0.5% may be beneficial during necrotic enteritis and that supplementation of glutamine at 1.0% negatively affected the bird during infection. The third study demonstrated that glutamine supplementation did not affect fecal oocyst cycling in birds given a non-attenuated coccidiosis vaccine. It was also observed in this study that glutamine supplementation helped reduce the negative effects of challenge in immunized birds through decreasing IFN-γ mRNA expression and increasing IL-10 mRNA expression. This research demonstrates that glutamine supplementation may be beneficial in broilers during times of enteric challenge or immunity acquisition. There is also evidence from this work that glutamine may be a conditionally essential amino acid in broilers, during an enteric challenge.