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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Fyitta, Essau Edward (검색결과 2 건)
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Fyitta, Essau Edward Graduate School International Studies, Korea Unive 2014 국내석사
The agriculture sector is the main source of employment and income in rural areas where the majority of the world’s poor and hungry people are located. Poverty being a rural phenomenon in most developing countries such as Tanzania, the mechanism to be used should target the recipients. One of these methods which are widely used is to organize people in form of associations or cooperatives based on the value of self-help, self-responsibility, democracy, equality and responsibility. Agricultural cooperatives play an important role in supporting small agricultural producers and marginalized groups such as young people and women. They offer small agricultural producer’s opportunities and a wide range of services, including improved access to markets, natural resources, information, communication, technologies, credits and training. They also help small holders to participate in decision making at all levels, supporting them to secure the rights to use land, and negotiate for agricultural inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, and equipment. Through this support, small holder produces can improve their livelihoods and play a great role in meeting the growing demand of food on local, national and international markets, thus contributing to poverty alleviation, food security and rural community development. Therefore, this paper is focused to assess how agricultural cooperatives can be used to promote rural community development as well the necessary conditions and policies for agricultural cooperatives to achieve the desirable outcomes.
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Farm productivity and fertilizer access among rural smallholder farmers in Tanzania
Essau Edward Fyitta Graduate School of International Studies, Korea Un 2021 국내박사
In Tanzania and many sub-Saharan African countries, smallholder farmers dominate agriculture, and they are the most important food producers. While recognizing their key role, the challenge of low productivity among these farmers is pervasive and striking compared to global averages. Therefore, examining factors responsible for increasing smallholders' productivity is critical to inform better policies and interventions designed to respond to challenges facing these farmers and thus support their competitiveness. Using longitudinal data from the first three waves of the Tanzania National Panel Survey, this study attempts to provide an empirical estimation of the key determining factors of rural smallholder agricultural productivity in Tanzania's major staple crop maize. Moreover, this study aims to evaluate the targeting effectiveness of NAIVS, the "smart" Tanzanian governmental fertilizer subsidy program which was intended to reach the resource-poor, smallholder farmers. Findings from the panel data analysis, particularly the fixed-effect model, show that the use of primary agricultural inputs such as organic and inorganic fertilizers, improved seeds, and family labor do significantly increase farmers' gross output per hectare. However, several drawbacks at the household and the farm level need to be addressed in order to optimize both accessibility and usage of these inputs. In terms of farm management, the results show that the competitiveness of small farms is strongly related to the application of farm implements, particularly ox-plough, which tend to upsurge productivity at a significant level. Other vital factors are farmer's education and agricultural processing, which appear to significantly improve productivity. Conversely, I find farm size, distance to the markets, post-harvest loss, and high temperatures to be negatively and statistically significantly related to smallholder output. With regard to institutional factors, findings indicate an important role of government extension services and access to credit. Concerning the targeting effectiveness of the input subsidy program NAIVS, findings indicate that most of the benefits were reaped by financially well-off and male households, indicating that the government failed to reach their targeted beneficiaries. Based on this empirical evidence, policies targeting the availability, accessibility, affordability, and timely farming inputs to smallholders can significantly enhance productivity if implemented accurately. Furthermore, the provision of modern inputs, credit, extension services, and agricultural processing services and appropriate farm implements should also go hand in hand with scaling up in investment infrastructure, which is essential for reaching out to inputs as well as selling their output to the market. It is also critical for the government to focus on gender-related issues, particularly those limiting women's performance in terms of access to agricultural production resources.
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