Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor–related protein co-stimulation facilitates tumor regression by inducing IL-9–producing helper T cells

Kim, Il-Kyu,Kim, Byung-Seok,Koh, Choong-Hyun,Seok, Jae-Won,Park, Jun-Seok,Shin, Kwang-Soo,Bae, Eun-Ah,Lee, Ga-Eun,Jeon, Hyewon,Cho, Jaebeom,Jung, Yujin,Han, Daehee,Kwon, Byoung S,Lee, Ho-Young,Chung, Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2015 Nature medicine Vol.21 No.9

<P>T cell stimulation via glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-related protein (GITR) elicits antitumor activity in various tumor models; however, the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. Here we demonstrate a crucial role for interleukin (IL)-9 in antitumor immunity generated by the GITR agonistic antibody DTA-1. IL-4 receptor knockout (Il4ra(-/-)) mice, which have reduced expression of IL-9, were resistant to tumor growth inhibition by DTA-1. Notably, neutralization of IL-9 considerably impaired tumor rejection induced by DTA-1. In particular, DTA-1-induced IL-9 promoted tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses by enhancing the function of dendritic cells in vivo. Furthermore, GITR signaling enhanced the differentiation of IL-9-producing CD4(+) T-helper (T(H)9) cells in a TNFR-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)- and NF-kappa B-dependent manner and inhibited the generation of induced regulatory T cells in vitro. Our findings demonstrate that GITR co-stimulation mediates antitumor immunity by promoting T(H)9 cell differentiation and enhancing CTL responses and thus provide a mechanism of action for GITR agonist-mediated cancer immunotherapies.</P>

GM-CSF Promotes Antitumor Immunity by Inducing Th9 Cell Responses

Kim, Il-Kyu,Koh, Choong-Hyun,Jeon, Insu,Shin, Kwang-Soo,Kang, Tae-Seung,Bae, Eun-Ah,Seo, Hyungseok,Ko, Hyun-Ja,Kim, Byung-Seok,Chung, Yeonseok,Kang, Chang-Yuil American Association for Cancer Research 2019 Cancer immunology research Vol.7 No.3

<P>Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) functions as an adjuvant for antitumor immunity through an unclear mechanism. By activating monocyte-derived dendritic cells, GM-CSF induces Th9 development and IL9 production, which facilitates antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses.</P><P>GM-CSF as an adjuvant has been shown to promote antitumor immunity in mice and humans; however, the underlying mechanism of GM-CSF–induced antitumor immunity remains incompletely understood. In this study, we demonstrate that GM-CSF potentiates the efficacy of cancer vaccines through IL9-producing Th (Th9) cells. GM-CSF selectively enhanced Th9 cell differentiation by regulating the COX2–PGE<SUB>2</SUB> pathway while inhibiting the differentiation of induced regulatory T (iTreg) cells <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>. GM-CSF–activated monocyte-derived dendritic cells converted tumor-specific nai¨ve Th cells into Th9 cells, and delayed tumor growth by inducing antitumor CTLs in an IL9-dependent manner. Our findings reveal a mechanism for the adjuvanticity of GM-CSF and provide a rationale for the use of GM-CSF in cancer vaccines.</P>

Regulation of Proinflammatory Mediators via NF- <i><i>κ</i></i> B and p38 MAPK-Dependent Mechanisms in RAW 264.7 Macrophages by Polyphenol Components Isolated from Korea <i>Lonicera japonica THUNB</i>

Park, Kwang-Il,Kang, Sang-Rim,Park, Hyeon-Soo,Lee, Do Hoon,Nagappan, Arulkumar,Kim, Jin A,Shin, Sung Chul,Kim, Eun Hee,Lee, Won Sup,Chung, Hyon-Jong,An, Su Jin,Kim, Gon Sup Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2012 No.-

<P><I>Lonicera japonica THUNB.</I>, which abundantly contains polyphenols, has been used as a traditional medicine for thousands of years in East Asian countries because of the anti-inflammation properties. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of polyphenol components isolated from Korea <I>L. japonica T.</I> by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-<I><I>κ</I></I>B) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway. Polyphenols significantly decreased lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, as well as mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin- (IL-) 1<I><I>β</I></I>, and IL-6. Moreover, polyphenols inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-<I><I>κ</I></I>B p65, phosphorylation/degradation of the inhibitor of <I><I>κ</I></I>B, and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, whereas the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Janus N-terminal kinase were not affected. These results indicate that polyphenol components isolated from Korea <I>L. japonica T.</I> should have anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells through the decrease of proinflammatory mediators expression by suppressing NF-<I><I>κ</I></I>B and p38 MAPK activity.</P>

Adiponectin is a negative regulator of NK cell cytotoxicity.

Kim, Kun-Yong,Kim, Jae Kwang,Han, Seung Hyun,Lim, Jong-Seok,Kim, Keun Il,Cho, Dae Ho,Lee, Myeong-Sok,Lee, Jeong-Hyung,Yoon, Do-Young,Yoon, Suk Ran,Chung, Jin Woong,Choi, Inpyo,Kim, Eunjoon,Yang, Young American Association of Immunologists 2006 Journal of Immunology Vol.176 No.10

<P>NK cells are a key component of innate immune systems, and their activity is regulated by cytokines and hormones. Adiponectin, which is secreted from white adipose tissues, plays important roles in various diseases, including hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory disorders, and cancer. In this study the effect of adiponectin on NK cell activity was investigated. Adiponectin was found to suppress the IL-2-enhanced cytotoxic activity of NK cells without affecting basal NK cell cytotoxicity and to inhibit IL-2-induced NF-kappaB activation via activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase, indicating that it suppresses IL-2-enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity through the AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. IFN-gamma enhances NK cell cytotoxicity by causing an increase in the levels of expression of TRAIL and Fas ligand. The production of IFN-gamma, one of the NF-kappaB target genes in NK cells, was also found to be suppressed by adiponectin, accompanied by the subsequent down-regulation of IFN-gamma-inducible TRAIL and Fas ligand expression. These results clearly demonstrate that adiponectin is a potent negative regulator of IL-2-induced NK cell activation and thus may act as an in vivo regulator of anti-inflammatory functions.</P>

Amelioration of inflammatory responses by <i>Socheongryong-Tang</i> , a traditional herbal medicine, in RAW 264.7 cells and rats

Park, Sang Mi,Lee, Tae Hoon,Zhao, Rongjie,Kim, Youn Sook,Jung, Ji Yun,Park, Chung A.,Jegal, Kyung Hwan,Ku, Sae Kwang,Kim, Jae Kwang,Lee, Chul Won,Kim, Young Woo,Cho, Il Je,An, Won G.,Kim, Sang Chan D.A. Spandidos 2018 International journal of molecular medicine Vol.41 No.5

<P>Socheongryong-Tang (SCRT) is a natural medicine prescription that has been mainly used in East Asia for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, including asthma and allergic rhinitis. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of SCRT on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and in a rat model of carrageenan (CA)-induced paw edema. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> (PGE<SUB>2</SUB>) in the culture supernatant were quantified and nitric oxide (NO) production was monitored. In addition, the effect of SCRT on the protein expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was assessed by western blot analysis. Furthermore, the effects of SCRT on acute inflammation <I>in vivo</I> and changes in the histomorphometry and histopathology of paw skin were observed using CA-treated rats. SCRT (1 mg/ml) inhibited the LPS-induced changes in the protein expression of NF-κB, JNK, ERK1/2, iNOS and COX-2, as well as the production of NO, PGE<SUB>2</SUB> and cytokines. In the rat paw edema assay, administration of 1 g/kg of lyophilized powder obtained from the aqueous extracts of SCRT for 3 consecutive days inhibited the CA-induced increases in skin thickness, mast cell degranulation, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the ventral and dorsal pedis skin within 4 h. These results demonstrated that SCRT exerts its anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells through decreasing the production of inflammatory mediators, including PGE<SUB>2</SUB>, NO and cytokines, via suppression of the NF-κB and JNK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. In addition, the data of the CA-induced paw edema indicated an anti-edema effect of SCRT. SCRT (1 g/kg) reduced acute edematous inflammation through inhibition of mast cell degranulation and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Therefore, the present study provided scientific evidence for the anti-inflammatory activities of SCRT as well as the underlying mechanisms.</P>

자치시대의 보건의료서비스 체계의 개선방안

정영일,김광기,이창은 인제대학교 김해발전연구소 1997 김해발전연구 Vol.1 No.1

급성 심근경색증에 동반된 승모판 폐쇄부전증의 임상적 특징

정상만,조영일,조화상,유광하,송기호,인행환 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1997 건국의과학학술지 Vol.7 No.-

The early detection and proper management of mitral regurgitation(MR) associated with acute myocardial infarction(MI) is very important to improve the clinical course and outcome of disease. The change of left ventricular shape and regional function, papillary muscle rupture are major determinant of the existence and severity of MR. We performed 2D and M mode echocardiography of 28 patients at the early stage of acute MI to evaluate the existance and degree of MR and its pathogenetic factor. Significant MR occured in 12 (42.9%) patients. In the group of MI with MR, the inferior MI was frequent (7 case) than anterior MI (5 case) comparing to the patient group of MI without MR (inferior MI : 6 case, anterior MI : 10 case) (p<0.01).The left ventricular end diastolic dimension(LVEDD), end systolic dimension (LVESD) and left atrial dimension (LAD) were significantly increased in MI with MR than MI without MR (LVEDD : 57.3 ±8.6 vs 46.4 ±9.2, p<0.05 ; LVESD : 52.9 ±9.2 vs 38.3 ±7.4, p<0.01 ; LAD : 45.4 ±3.8 vs 37.7 ±3.7, p<0.05).However, the ejection fraction was not different between two group two groups. These datas showed that MR was more frequent in inferior MI and the hemodynamic derangement was more serious in acute MI with MR.

專門大學 齒衛生科의 敎育課程改善에 관한 硏究

鄭萬泰,吳世源,趙民貞,柳一光 광주보건대학 1984 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

This research was studied for the purpose of improving the curriculum of dental hygiene department injunior college and produced some results as follows; 1. The educational aim of dental hygiene department consists in improving students' talents with a view to cultivating dental hygienists necessary to the promotion of people's dental health as well as making a study of the technical Knowledge and theory about the prevention and hygiene of dental and oral diseases, Accordingly these five educational purposes as follows were re-established to achieve two goals. ⓐ Students should be able to do clinical Dental Assiting. ⓑ Students should be able to manage Preventive Dentistry. ⓒ Students should be able to do Dental Health Education. ⓓ Students should be able to guide and develop Public Health dentistry. ⓔ Making students have some qualities to accept the new knowledge and technique of Dental Health. 2. According to the improvement of curriculum, we make the distribution ratio of fundamental studies of developing qualities to technical studies of developing skills at the rate of 4 to 6, In addition we make the proprtion of the theory to the practice of technical subjects at the rate of 6 to 4. ◁표 원문 참조▷

인삼과 솔잎첨가에 따른 동치미의 성분 변화

김일경,신승렬,정진호,윤광섭,김광수 대구효성가톨릭대학교 식품과학연구소 1997 식품과학지 Vol.9 No.-

본 연구는 영양성과 약리성을 갖춘 품질이 우수한 동치미의 제조방법을 개발하고자 각종 약리성분을 함유하고 있는 인삼과 솔잎을 첨가하여 숙성 중에 유기산, 당류, 단백질 및 유리 아미노산 등의 변화를 조사하였다. 환원당 함량의 변화는 숙성 1일에 178.9~194.9㎎/100㎖이었으나, 발효 8일에서는 솔잎첨가구는 274.9㎎/100㎖로 증가하여 이후에도 계속 증가하였고, 모든 처리구에서는 발효 15일부터 증가현상을 보였으며, 솔잎첨가구 가 다른 구들보다 환원당 함량이 높았다. 가용성 단백질은 숙성 1일에 3.5~7.5㎎/100㎖이었으며, 숙성됨에 따라 무처리구와 인삼처리구에서는 숙성 29일에 뚜렷이 증가하였으나 솔잎 첨가구는 발효 22일에 60.7㎎/100㎖로 증가한 후 변화가 없었다. 총유기산의 함량은 숙성초기에는 모든 처리구에서 2.79~4.80㎎/100㎖로 낮았으나 숙성말기에는 95.16~109.97㎎/100㎖에 이르렀고 젖산이 85%이상 차지하였다. 유리당은 sucrose, glucose, fructose 3종이었고, sucrose에 비해 glucose와 fructose의 함량이 비교적 높았으며, 모든 처리구에서 유리당 함량은 705.2~943.7㎎/100㎖이었다. 총아미노산은 % 이었고 lysine, histidin, 그리고 tryptophan 3종을 제외한 17종이 동정되었으며, threonine, valine, aspartic aicd, serine, asparagine, glutamic acid, alanine 및 arginine 등의 함량이 많았다. 아미노산 유도체는 53~71%이었고, aminoisobutyric acid, sarcosine, ornithine 등 13종이 동정되었고 특히 γ-aminoisobutyric acid의 함량이 많았으나 숙성 중에 감소한 반면 α-aminoisobutyric acid는 숙성 중에 감소하였다. This paper was studied the effects of ginseng and pine needle on the changes of components in Dongchimi which added ginseng 0.1% and pine needle 0.3% at manufacture, and fermented at room temperature for first days and at 4℃ from 2nd day to 28 day. The contents of reducing sugar increased remarkably in 22 days, those of the Dongchimi added pine needle was highest than those of others. The contents of proteins increased remarkably in the Dongchimi added pine needle in 22 days of fermentation, but increased in others at 29 days of fermentation. The contents of non-volatile organic acids were 2.79~4.80㎎/100㎖ at the late of fermentation, and the content of lactic acid was most than others. Free sugars were composited sucrose, glucose and fructose, and the contents of those were in the range of 227.4~247.0㎎/100㎖ at 8 days of fermentation, then increased 705.2~943.7㎎/100㎖ at 29 days of fermentation. It was identified 17 kinds of free amino acids except lysine, histidine and tryptophan. The contents of free amino acids and amino acid derivatives were 34~47 and 56~71% of total amino acid. The contents of essential amino acid in Dongchimi added ginseng and pine needle were much than control. Especially contents of threonine, valine and isoleucine were much than others, and in the amino acid dervatives, sarcosine, β-aminoisobutyric acid and γ-aminoisobutyric acid were much than others.

문서편집기와 연동하는 '한점 변환기'의 설계 및 구현

이충환,안광일,김석일 충북대학교컴퓨터과학연구소 1994 컴퓨터과학연구 Vol.2 No.1

6점으로 구성된 점자를 사용하여 맹인들 간에 문자정보를 교환할 때에는 아무런 불편이 없지만 일반인과 맹인들 사이에서는 많은 제약이 따른다. 이는 의사 표현 수단의 차이에서 비롯된 것으로 이를 해결하기 위해서는 한글을 점자로 변환하거나 점자를 한글로 변환하는 도구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 점자와 묵자를 동시에 지원하는 문서편집기에서 사용될 수 있는 한글을 점자로 변환하는 '한점 변환기'를 개발하였다. 한점 변환기의 입력정보는 문서편집기에서 블럭 지정된 한글 텍스트 화일이며 출력은 MSB를 '11' 로 하고 나머지 6비트를 점자의 비트에 대응시킨 8비트 아스키 코드이다. 문서편집기에서는 점자가 대응되는 점자 폰트로 표현된다. 구현 결과, 본 연구에서 제안된 한점변환기는 고문과 줄표(hyphen)처리를 제외하고는 정확히 변환됨을 확인하였다.