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      • 카이로프랙틱 도수요법에 의한 경추성 두통의 치료

        장재호,사공은성 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.4

        Purpose : Cervicogenic headache is a neck induced headache syndrome. Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation Therapy (CSMT) is non-invasive treatment method for painful lesion. CSMT is considered to relief the pain and increase the range of motion of cervical spine without complications. Materials and Methods : A follow-up observation has been made by retrospective study after applying chiropractic spinal manipulation therapy on 28 cases of cervicogenic headache patients who visited our hospital from April 2005 to April 2007. Every patiens had performed Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, Neck Disability Index, and SF-36 Questionnaire. Results : 28 patients average age was 37(14∼73). Female patient was 23 out of 28 and 5 was male patients. The average duration of treatment was 13.6 weeks. The Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, in which questions about the level of pain in general and the Pain Relating Index (PRI), was 11.7 in average before chiropractic spinal manipulation and 3.7 in average after manipulation (P=0.196). The Visual Analog Scale (VAS 0-10) showed pain decrement from 6.1 to 3.1 after manipulation (P=0.126). PPI showed improvement from 2.75 to 0.5 after manipulation(P=0.1). In the Neck Disability Index, which questions the physical disability due to pain, the decrement in average was 14.6 to 4 after manipulation. The results of SF-36 Questionnaire, which deals with the patient's general health showed decrement from 57.8. to 69.4(P=0.317) after manipulation. Conclusion : CPMT has pain relieving effects in cervicogenic headache and also shows increased neck range of motion after treatment. Therefore, CSMT can be a one of useful treatment method for cervicogenic headache.

      • KCI등재

        이상기후변화가 낙동강 유역의 수문·수질요소에 미치는 영향

        장재호,안종호,Jang, Jae Ho,Ahn, Jong Ho 한국수자원학회 2012 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.45 No.11

        SWAT model is applied to simulate rainfall-runoff and pollutant loadings in the Nakdong River basin as the condition for extreme droughts and floods. The year 1994 and 2002 are chosen as the drought and flood year, respectively, through the analysis of past rainfall data for 30 years. The simulation results show decreases in both runoff and pollutant loadings for the drought year but increases for the flood year. However, the pollutant loadings on some upper sub-basins increase for drought year due to highly-regulated dam discharge and soil moisture change. Collectively, extreme droughts and floods have negative impacts on water quality, showing elevated SS loadings during wet season and concentrated T-P concentrations during low flow season. The extent of these impacts is highly influenced by antecedent dry days and precipitation patterns. 가뭄, 홍수와 같은 이상기후에 따른 낙동강 유역의 수문과 수질에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 강우 시나리오기반의 장기유출 유역모의를 통해 지표유출과 오염부하량 발생 특성을 살펴보았다. 전반적으로가뭄년도에서는지표유출량감소에 따라 오염부하량 감소현상을, 홍수년도에는 강우유출 증가에 따른 부하량 증가를 나타냈으나, 상류유역의 댐 직 하류와 같은 특정유역에서는 가뭄 시 댐 운영으로 인한 방류효과와 토양수분량의 변화 등의 물리적 요인들로 인해 SS부하량의 증가현상이 나타났다. 가뭄에 따른 SS의 농도변화는 유량변화에 따라 민감하게 반응하여 가뭄년도의 평수량 및 갈수량 시기에 높은 농도분포를 나타내었고 T-P는 상대적으로 본류구간보다는 유량이 비교적 적은 지류구간에서 높은 농도범위를 나타내었다. 반면, 홍수년도의 경우SS와T-P 모두 기준년도와 유사한농도범위에서 완만한형태의 변화를보였다. 또한, 유출량이 적은 건기 시에는 SS 부하량 유출도 감소하지만 유출량이 증가할수록 부하량이 급격히 증가하는 반면, T-P의 경우 건기 시에 부하량 유출이 크고 강우 시에는 오히려 감소하여 건기일수와 강우패턴에 지배적으로 각기 다른 영향을 받는 것으로 판단된다.

      • 요추 질환에서 경막외 주사요법과 선택적 척추신경근 차단술의 비교

        장재호,박필재 고신대학교(의대) 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 2004 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.19 No.1

        Background : The purpose of this report is to compare the effects of recently often practiced epidural injection and selective nerve root block to treat buttock and radiating limb pain due to lumbar spine disorder. Method : For this study we enrolled patients who were treated with epidural injection (121 cases) or selective nerve root block (26 cases) in out-patient department of orthopedic surgery in Kosin University Gospel Hospital for buttock pain and radiating pain on lower limbs caused by lumbar spine disorders fromm August 2002 to August 2003. Selected patients were grouped into two according to the injection method for observation. Visual analogue scales (VAS) of each patient were checked after through observation and traced four times, pre-injection, post injection in 1 month, post injection in 3 months, and final follow-up (mean : 6.3 months, range: 3-15 months), and compared efficacy by the paired t-test. Results : The patients who were treated by selective nerve root block showed better results (7.6, 3.0, 3.4, 49) in VAS analysis at each follow-up intervals. There is statistical significancy by using the paired t-tes (p<0.01). This study shows theses complications; hypotension, transient motor weakness, dizziness, dyspnea, headache, fever, aggressive pain, palpitation, dura puncture. Conclusion : Selective nerve root block was discovered to be relatively more effective than epidural injection on reducing pain in lumbar spine disroders.

      • KCI등재

        미래 기후변화에 따른 낙동강 유역의 수문·수질 변화

        장재호,안종호,Jang, Jae Ho,Ahn, Jong Ho 한국수자원학회 2012 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.45 No.11

        낙동강 미래 기후변화 시나리오 추출을 위해 CGHR(T63) 모형과 A1B 온실가스 배출시나리오를 통계적 규모내림방법으로 대상유역의 규모로 축소 변환한 후, 수문 수질의 거동변화 등의 영향을 모의하기 위해 SS와 T-P를 대상으로 SWAT 모델을 적용하였다. 과거 30년 자료와 비교한 결과, 지표유출은 지역에 따라 최대 60%까지, 오염배출부하는 TSS와 T-P의 경우 각각 35~45%, 5~20%정도 변화되어, 미래 기후변화로 인한 지표유출과 오염부하 배출은 향후 뚜렷한 증가가 예상된다. 또한, 그 증가 경향은 낙동강 하류지역보다 상류지역에 크게 나타나며 계절별로는 겨울과 봄철의 증가가 크고 먼 미래로 갈수록 증가하는 반면, 여름과 가을철에는 먼 미래로 갈수록 증가율이 감소하는 경향을 나타내어 갈수기 지표수 수질에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 예측된다. Projected changes and their impacts on water quality are simulated in response to climate change stressors. CGHR (T63) simulation on the A1B scenario is converted to regional scale data using a statistical down-scaling method and applied to SWAT model to assess water quality impacts in Nakdong River basin. The results demonstrate that rainfall-runoff and pollutant loading in the future (2011~2100) will clearly increase as compared to the last 30-year average. The rate of pollutant loading increase is expected to continue its acceleration until 2040s. Runoff also shows similar patterns to the precipitation, increasing by 60%. Accordingly, the runoff increase results in escalation of pollutant loading by 35~45% for TSS and 5~20% for T-P. This phenomenon is more pronounced in the upper basin during winter and spring season.

      • KCI등재

        BASINS-SWAT 모델을 이용한 경안천 유역의 비점원 오염배출 중점관리 대상지역 결정

        장재호,윤춘경,정광욱,손영권,Jang, Jae-Ho,Yoon, Chung-Gyeong,Jung, Kwang-Wook,Son, Yeung-Kwon 한국농공학회 2009 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.51 No.5

        In order to improve water quality of upper watershed of Paldang reservoir, it is necessary to evaluate non-point source pollution loads and identify critical watershed pollution sources. A GIS based Soil and Water Assessment Tool was applied to evaluate model application and reliability, estimate NPS pollution load, identify critical watershed by NPS pollution sources, and suggest various best management practices for Kyongan Stream watershed. Yearly NPS pollution loads were estimated 30.0% SS, 60.1% TN and 35.4% TP, respectably. The watershed pollution load is mainly decided by precipitation condition and SS and nutrients load have a significant regression relationship. Based on 10-year average yearly NPS pollution load, critical sub-watersheds were identified. The No. 5 and 17 which have lots of relatively intensive agricultural fields and scattered industrial area were vary critical sub-watersheds and under more intensive pollution load. In order to control critical watershed, watershed best management practices such as scientific fertilizer, contour farming and parallel terrace, transferring the sloppy farmland to grass or forest and constructing a buffer zone, and constructing wetlands and retention ponds will be applied. Overall the SWAT model can be efficiently used for identification of critical sub-watersheds in order to develop a priority watershed management plan to reduce water pollutions.

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