세계대전과 아동의 재발견 - 브레히트와 캐스트너의 작품에 나타난 전쟁과 아동 -

장영은 한국헤세학회 2013 헤세연구 Vol.29 No.-

Der vorliegende Aufsatz befasst sich mit der Analyse von Bertolt Brechts (1898-1956) Ballade Der Kinderkreuzzug 1939 (1941) und Erich Kästners (1899-1974) Versgeschichten Arthur mit dem langen Arm (1930). Die beiden Schriftsteller gehören zu der Generation, die den ersten und den zweiten Weltkrieg selbst erlebt und daher sehr zeitkritische Ansichten vertreten hat. Brechts und Kästners Werke werden als ‘geschichtserzählende Literatur‘ herangezogen, die mit der Zeitgeschichte der beiden Autoren eng verbunden ist. Seit dem ersten Weltkrieg (1914-1917) sind etwa hundert Jahre vergangen, dessen politischen Folgen haben jedoch noch auf verschiedene Weise auf die gegenwärtige Welt ihre Nachwirkungen. Die beiden Autoren greifen Themen zur Verdeutlichung ihrer Ansichten oft die Situation von Kindern auf, sie schildern deren Notlage und Missbrauch im Krieg und zeigen sie als Opfer der Ideologie der Erwachsenen. Das Thema Kindheit und Krieg mitsamt seinen Nachwirkungen und Implikationen für die deutsche Nachkriegsgesellschaft wurde soll veranschulichen, wie sehr die Zukunft der deutschen Gesellschaft von den Lebensbedingungen der Kinder abhängt. Die deutsche Kinder- und Jugendliteratur um diese Zeit fungiert als "ein Medium des kulturellen Gedächtnisses", da das Kind eine wichtige Rolle in den Staatsgebilden seit 1900 einnimmt. Brechts Ballade Kinderkreuzzug 1939 geht auf eine mittelalterliche Geschichte aus dem Jahr 1212 zurück, aber setzt sich aber wie so oft bei Brecht direkt mit einem zeitgenössischen politischen Ereignis – dem deutschen Angriff der Nazis auf Polen – auseinander. Die Leser werden so in die Gegenwart Brechts versetzt. Brecht vermittelt seinen zeitgenössischen Lesern das reale Elend des Krieges und weist darauf hin, dass die deutsche Gesellschaft durch den Krieg zukunfts- und richtungslos wurde. Im Gegensatz zu Brecht, der das historische Ereignis realistisch darstellt, nimmt Erich Kästner in seiner Versgeschichte Arthur mit dem langen Arm das Kind in der Großstadt nach dem ersten Weltkrieg unter die Lupe. In dem er dessen Alltagsleben in den Prozessen der deutschen Industrialisierung als eine aus Kindersicht ‘verkehrte Welt’ zweigt, vermischen sich auch hier Fiktionalität und reale Wirklichkeitsbezüge. Die beiden Schriftsteller bearbeiten das Thema auf ganz unterschiedliche Weise, doch ist ihnen gemeinsam, dass sie als Zeuge ihrer Zeitgeschichte ihren zeitgenössischen Lesern ihre kritische Haltung gegenüber den gesellschaftlichen Problemen und den politischen Ereignissen vermitteln.

독일 소녀문학의 역사적 전통과 소녀상의 변모 : 엠미 폰 로덴의 소설 『반항아』를 중심으로

장영은 부산대학교 인문학연구소 2010 코기토 Vol.- No.67

The Effects of Child Care and Maternal Employment on Mothers’ Well-Being and Child Outcomes

장영은() 한국가족학회 2009 가족과 문화 Vol.21 No.1

본 문헌고찰은 보육과 어머니 취업이 아동의 발달 및 어머니의 심리적 복지감에 미치는 영향의 메커니즘에 대한 이해를 돕기 위한 목적을 가진다. 보육의 영향에 관한 연구를 고찰하고, 보육이 어머니의 심리적 복지감에 미치는 영향에 대한 이해가 부족함을 지적한다. 어머니 취업과 보육이 어머니에게 어떠한 영향을 주는지 살펴보고, 어머니의 신념과 태도가 이들의 영향력을 조정요인(moderator)으로 중요함을 논의한다. 아동발달과 어머니의 심리에 영향을 미치는 것은 취업이나 보육 그 자체가 아니라 어머니가 취업과 보육 이용을 지각하고 해석하는 방식이며, 따라서 보육 또는 어머니 취업의 영향을 보다 정확히 이해하기 위해서는 어머니가 가진 신념체계, 그리고 이 신념체계에 영향을 미치는 미시적, 거시적 요인들에 대한 보다 폭넓은 이해가 요구된다. This review aims at understanding the mechanism through which child care and maternal employment affects developmental outcomes of children and mothers' psychological well-being. Studies on child care are reviewed and the limitations of the studies in terms of the lack of understanding of working mothers' psychological experiences with child care are discussed. The literature on how employment and child care are associated with mothers' psychological well-being is reviewed. Finally, the evidence of the importance of mothers' beliefs and attitudes in moderating the effects of child care and maternal employment on mothers' psychological well-beingis and children's development is reviewed. The review concludes that what matters for women's well-being and children's development is not employment or child care per se, but the way women perceive and interpret the experiences of working and using nonmaternal care for their children.

초등학교 아동이 지각한 6학년 학업성취에 대한 4학년 학업성취의 예측: 5학년 자아존중감 및 학습행동조절의 순차적 매개효과

장영은,성미영 한국보육지원학회 2017 한국보육지원학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Objective: The current study aimed at examining the mediation effects of children’s self-esteem and self-control in learning between perceived academic achievement at 4th grade and 6th grade. This article proposes that perceived academic achievement boosts self-esteem and self-control in learning and both in turn, influence subsequent perceived academic achievement. We especially attempted to empirically prove that a serial multiple mediation of self-esteem and self-control in learning between the perceived academic achievement at two time points exists. Methods: We analyzed the longitudinal data of 1,881 children from the 4th to the 6th wave data of the ‘2010 Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS)’ by means of a Hayes's PROCESS(2012) program. Results: The results revealed that perceived academic achievement at 4th grade influenced children’s self-esteem and self-control in learning at 5th grade. Children’ self-esteem and self-control in learning subsequently predicted perceived academic achievement at 6th grade. Children’s self-esteem significantly predicted self-control in learning supporting the hypothesis of serial multiple mediation. Conclusion/Implications: In conclusion, children’s self-esteem and self-control in learning behaviors both mediated the association between perceived academic achievement at 4th grade and at 6th grade. The findings imply the importance of consideration of both psychosocial and behavioral aspects in understanding the academic performance during childhood.

협력적 공동양육태도 및 비전통적 아버지 역할인식이 초등학생자녀의 가사참여에 미치는 영향

장영은,송경석 가정과삶의질학회 2016 가정과삶의질학회 학술발표대회 자료집 Vol.2016 No.10

트라우마와 공부 —그레이스 조의 자기서사와 모녀서사

장영은 한국여성문학학회 2022 여성문학연구 Vol.57 No.-

This article delves into a mother-daughter relationship in Grace Cho’s memoir Tastes Like War. I examine the literary significance of a daughter’s self-narrative that centres her mother’s trauma as the principal subject of inquiry. In 1972, Grace Cho’s mother immigrated from South Korea with her two children to her American husband’s hometown, a predominantly white town with no other Koreans. Although she worked hard to settle in the town as an entrepreneur, she began to develop mental health issues in 1986. Grace Cho later learns from her sister-in-law that her mother was a sex worker in South Korea, which alarms her especially after her mother’s suicide attempt. This revelation propels her to embark on an academic inquiry into her mother’s sense of being “worthless.” This inquiry into her mother’s pain—which accounts for causal structural forces —and her mother’s struggle against multiple violences enabled Grace Cho to develop a language to challenge societal sigma imposed upon her mother. This newly gained voice becomes a testament to the “worth” or value of their lives, one that survives intergenerational trauma related to being uprooted. Grace Cho highlights the significance of academic inquiry as a shared pursuit of knowledge between mother and daughter: the mother wants her daughter to become “a great scholar” and the daughter sheds light on her mother’s secret past via her inquiry. Together, they make trauma an object of knowing, and thus transform it into a resource for social change through the act of thinking and writing. In Tastes Like War, the mother is no longer simply someone expelled from society because of her mental illness; rather, she emerges as a woman struggling against colonialism, war, militarism, diasporic displacement, poverty, racism, immigration, and xenophobia. And in the process, she enables her daughter to become a scholar in their own right. 이 글에서는 그레이스 조의 회고록 『전쟁 같은 맛(Tastes Like War)』을 모녀 관계에 초점을 맞춰 읽으며, 어머니의 트라우마를 공부의 대상으로 삼은 딸의 자기서사가 내포한 문학적 함의를 분석했다. 1972년에 한국인이 단 한 명도 없었던 남편의 미국 고향으로 자녀들과 함께 이주한 그레이스 조의 어머니는 사업가로 활동하며 삶의 터전을 마련했지만, 1986년 무렵부터 정신질환 증상을 나타냈다. 뒤늦게 어머니가 한국에서 성노동자로 일했다는 사실을 올케로부터 듣게 된 딸은 연이어 어머니의 자살 기도 사건을 겪으며 큰 충격에 휩싸이게 되고, 결국 어머니의 자존감을 무너뜨린 요인들을 학문적으로 규명해보기로 결심한다. 고통의 원인과 구조를 밝혀내고 폭력적인 세상과 싸우기 위해 공부를 시작한 그레이스조는 어머니에게 가해진 부당한 사회적 낙인을 비판할 수 있는 언어를 획득하며 어머니의 트라우마가 딸에게 전이되었다고 해서 모녀의 삶이 송두리째 뿌리 뽑힌 것은 아님을 증명했다. 그레이스 조는 모녀를 하나로 묶어준 공부의 의미와 가치를 『전쟁 같은 맛』에서 반복적으로 강조한다. 딸이 위대한 학자가 되기를 원했던 어머니와 어머니의 비밀을 공부로 밝혀낸 딸은 트라우마를 앎의 대상으로 삼아 공부와 글쓰기라는 사회적 실천으로 전환시켰다. 『전쟁 같은 맛』에서 그레이스 조의 어머니는 정신질환으로 사회에서 추방된 사람이 아니라 식민주의, 전쟁, 군국주의, 이산, 빈곤, 인종차별, 이민, 외국인 혐오증을 감내하고 돌파하면서 딸이 위대한 학자가 될 수 있도록 가르친 여성으로 되살아난다.

콩 소청2호의 균주 특이적인 역병 저항성 유전자좌

장영은,장익현,강인정,김지민,강성택,이성우 한국육종학회 2020 한국육종학회지 Vol.52 No.4

Phytophthora root rot attributable to infection by the soil-borne oomycete Phytophthora sojae causes serious damage to susceptiblesoybeans grown in poorly drained soil. Management of this disease depends primarily on Rps (resistance to P. sojae) resistance genes. Theobjective of this study was to map resistance to two P. sojae isolates (40412 and 2457) in a Daepung × Socheong2 recombinant inbred linepopulation. Of these two varieties, Socheong2 is resistant to the two isolates, whereas Daepung is susceptible. Single-marker analysis of varianceand linkage analyses using a high-density genetic map identified different resistance loci for each isolate. A genomic region of 36.2~37.4Mbp on chromosome 3 was identified as being associated with resistance to isolate 40412, explaining 18% of the phenotypic variance (PV),whereas, a 2.1~2.6-Mbp region on chromosome 18 was significantly associated with resistance to isolate 2457, accounting for approximately26% of the PV. An additional region of 53.1~53.3 Mbp on chromosome 18 was also significantly associated with resistance to isolate 2457. All three loci coincide with genomic regions where an Rps gene or partial resistance have been mapped in previous studies. The respectivelocus showed significance for only one or the other of the isolates, indicating an isolate-specific interaction. From this finding, it can beinferred that isolates 40412 and 2457 are characterized by different avirulence genes, and that Socheong2 has at least two Rps genes thatinteract with each isolate. The finding of multiple Rps loci specific to an isolate within a single soybean genotype is a unique discovery. Socheong2 will accordingly be a useful genetic source for breeding resistance to multiple P. sojae isolates.

헤세의 동화에 나타난 시대 반영과 치유의 내러티브 - 「아우구스투스」와 「다른 별에서 온 이상한 소식」을 중심으로

장영은 한국헤세학회 2016 헤세연구 Vol.36 No.-

Der vorliegende Aufsatz befasst sich mit der Analyse von Hermann Hesses Märchen Ausgustus und Merkwürdige Nachricht von einem andern Stern, die unter den Aspekten der Zeitreflexion und des therapeutischen Narrativs erörtert werden. Hesse reflektiert in den beiden Märchen sowohl die zeitgenössische politische Situation, also den Ersten Weltkrieg, als auch die verwirrten psychischen Zustände seiner Mitmenschen. Beide Märchen weisen auch darauf hin, dass Hesse von psychoanalytischen Theorien von Sigmund Freud und Carl Gustav Jung beeinflusst wurde. Hesses Märchen haben eine therapeutische Funktion. Besonders die narrativen Dialoge dienen der Erkenntnis des unbewussten Inneren. So betont John Bradshaw, der von Freud und Jung beeinflusst wurde, dass der Mensch als Individuum durch das Erkennen und die Entdeckung des “Inneren Kindes“(inner-child) seine eigenen Traumata heilen kann. Die therapeutischen Dialoge zwischen den jungen Protagonisten und den alten Weisen sind symbolisch durch die Aufhebung der Unterschiede von Raum und Zeit verkörpert. Außerdem zeigen die Märchen, wie sich die Protagonisten durch ihr Bemühen um Heilung ihrer inneren Traumata auf dem Weg zur eigentlichen Menschwerdung befinden.

학령전기 자녀의 가정환경 관련요인에 관한 연구

장영은 한국보육지원학회 2016 한국보육지원학회지 Vol.12 No.2

This study attempted to explore child, family, and parents' psychological factors that were related to quality of home environment among families with preschoolers in Korea. The relationships between a series of factors and home environment and the predictive effects of the factors on HOME scores were analyzed using data from 1,690 families who participated in the5th wave of the PSKC (Panel Study of Korean Children) when the target child's age was about 4 years old. The results revealed that when the child was a boy and when the child had a difficult temperament, the overall HOME scores were lower. Mothers' age, parents' education, family income, poverty and family life events were significantly related to the HOME scores, too. All of the psychological factors of both mothers and fathers were significantly correlated with the HOME scores. When both mother and father had less depressive symptoms, lower level of parenting stress and greater marital satisfaction, the HOME scores were higher. Regression analysis showed that child's gender, father's education and mothers' marital satisfaction were relatively strong predictors of HOME. The policy implication for parent education and suggestions for future study were proposed.

최근 독일 아동청소년문학에 나타난 청소년문제에 대한 담론 - 키르스텐 보이에와 레나테 벨쉬의 작품을 중심으로 -

장영은 한국헤세학회 2013 헤세연구 Vol.30 No.-

Der vorliegende Aufsatz befasst sich mit der Analyse von Kirsten Boies (1950∼) Jugendroman Nicht Chicago. Nicht hier (1999) und Renate Welschs (1937) Kindererzählung Sonst bist du dran (1994). Diese beiden Werke werden hier als ‚problemorientierte Literatur bzw. Problemromane‘ herangezogen, die mit den Themen Schule und Gewalt der Jugendlichen eng verbunden sind. Die Problemromane gehören zu der realistischen Kinder- und Jugendliteratur, die seit den 70er Jahren ‚das traditionelle Erzählmuster‘ wiederaufgenommen hat. Die Problemromane für die Jugendlichen erweitern im Laufe der 80er Jahre ihre Themenkomplexe um Themen wie mediale Gewalt und jugendlichen Rechtsextremismus. Daher haben sie den Charakter einer ‚wirklichkeitsbezogenen engagierten Literatur‘ angenommen. Der literarische Diskurs über die Jugendprobleme in der aktuellen deutschen Kinder- und Jugendliteratur soll veranschaulichen, wie die literarischen Texte den Kindern und Jugendlichen als den heutigen Lesern die sozialkritische Widerspiegelung des jugendlichen Alltagslebens und die Kritik gegenüber der medialen Gewalt und dem Enthüllungsjournalismus vermitteln. Boies Jugendroman Nicht Chicago. Nicht hier, dessen Erzählzeit auf zwei verschiedenen Zeitstufen angesiedelt ist, lässt den Leser durch den offenen Schluss erkennen, “dass Gewalt keine Lösung sein kann”, wobei der Gewalttäter nicht von der Gesellschaft ausgeschlossen wird, sondern auf seinem gewalttätigen Wille beharrt. Bei der Kindererzählung Sonst bist du dran von Renate Welsch wird der psychologische Zustand und die Betroffenheit eines Kindes namens Michel aus der Klasse 4a dargestellt, der Augenzeuge war, wie Arnold von den Banden aus derselben Klasse verprügelt und gehänselt wurde. Der kleine Protagonist kann sich den Drohungen der Bande mit Hilfe seiner Eltern und seiner Lehrerin entziehen. Mit der Versöhnungsszene von Michel und Arnold schließt die Erzählung, indem Welsch die Erwachsenen wie die Eltern und LehrerInnen als Helfer fungieren lässt und die Kinder durch die Solidarität ihrer Klassenkameraden ermutigt, damit die Gewalt an der Schule weichen kann.