중세후기 자료에 나타나는 추량조동사 「べし」의 사용양상 - 구어와 문어자료의 비교를 통하여 -

이수향 한양대학교 일본학국제비교연구소 2017 비교일본학 Vol.40 No.-

본 논문에서는 구어자료와 문어자료에 나타나는 조동사 「べし」의 특징을 파악하고자 『大蔵虎明本狂言』과 『国字本伊曽保物語』를 비교・분석하였다. 고찰결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 문어자료 『国字本伊曽保物語』 에서의 「べし」의 사용빈도가 현저하게 높을 것이 라고 예상했으나, 검토결과 『大蔵虎明本狂言』과 전체적으로 큰 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 둘째, 두 자료 모두 지문에서 「べし」의 용례가 많이 나타날 것이라 예상했으나, 지문보다 대화문에서의 사용빈도가 높게 나타났다. 다만 주로 문어적・ 관용적인 표현으로 사용되는 「べき」와 「べからず」가 『大蔵虎明本狂言』보다『国字本伊曽保物語』에서 많이 나타난 사실은 「べき」와 「べからず」가 문어체의 특징이 강하다는 점을 확인시켜준 점에서 주목할 필요가 있다고 판단된다. 셋째, 의미용법에서 『大蔵虎明本狂言』은 [당연・필연]이, 『国字本伊曽保物語』는 [추량] 이 많았는데, 이를 통해 「べし」의 의미용법의 추이를 유추해볼 수 있다. 즉 시대의 흐름에 따라 [추량]의 의미는 점차 감소하여 현대 일본어에서도 주로 [당연・필연・의무]로 사용되고 있는 바, 이러한 변화의 방향이 구어자료인 『大蔵虎明本狂言』에 잘 반영된 것이라고 할 수 있을 것이다. This study compares and analyzes 「Okuratoraakirabon kyougen」 and 「Kokujibon Isohomonogatari」 to study the characteristic of auxiliary verb 「べし」 appearing in colloquial and literary materials. The result of examination as follows. First, the frequency of use of 「べし」 in literary material was expected to be high remarkably, however, there was no big difference to 「Okuratoraakirabon kyougen」 generally. Second, it was expected to be seen a lot that the use of 「べし」 in the text of both materials, but the frequency of use in conversation was seen more frequently than in text. However, 「べき」 and 「べからず」 being used principally in expression literary and idiomatically appeared more in 「Kokujibon Isohomonogatari」 than 「Okuratoraakirabon kyougen」, it means 「べき」 and 「べからず」 have characteristics of literary style. Third, in terms of meaning usage, 「ObviousnessㆍInevitability」 and 「Guess」 was predominant in 「Okuratoraakirabon kyougen」 and 「Kokujibon Isohomonogatari」 respectively, so development of meaning usage of 「べし」 can be inferred from this. In other words, the meaning of 「Guess」 was reduced along with the flow of time and used in meaning of 「ObviousnessㆍInevitability」 in modern Japanese. It means the direction of change as these were reflected well in 「Okuratoraakirabon kyougen」 of the spoken material.

오쿠라도라아키라본교겐(大蔵虎明本狂言)의 추량표현에 관한 고찰

이수향 한양대학교 일본학국제비교연구소 2015 비교일본학 Vol.34 No.-

본 논문은 중세후기부터 근세전기까지의 언어상을 반영하고 있는 大蔵虎明本狂言을 대상으로 추량표현을 고찰한 것이다. 고찰결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 大蔵虎明本狂言에 나타난 추량표현은 「む」, 「むず」, 「らむ」, 「べし」의 전부 4종이었으며, 4552예가 추출되었다. 이중에서 가장 높은 사용빈도를 보인 것은 「む」 였으며, 「むず」 「べし」 「らむ」의 순서로 사용빈도가 높게 나타났다. 그리고 「む」와 같은 계열의 조동사인 「むず」와 「らむ」의 경우는 「む」와 마찬가지로 「うず」와 「らう」로 표기형태가 이행되었다. 둘째, 「む」의 경우, 「む」 「ん」 보다 「う」가 구어체의 특성을 나타내는 것을 알 수 있는데 이와 같은 특징은 「らむ」에도 공통적으로 나타나, 「らう」가 구어체에 주로 사용되는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 표기형태의 변화와 그에 따른 사용빈도가 반드시 일치하는 것은 아니어서, 「らむ」의 경우는 「らん」이 「らう」 보다 사용빈도가 높았다. 그 이유를 검토한 결과 문장의 성격에 따라 표기를 달리했다는 사실을 파악할 수 있었다. 즉, 노래나 와카(和歌), 상황을 설명하는 부분 등 예능극의 특징이 드러나는 곳에서는 「ん」과 「らん」이 주로 사용되었으며, 주인공들의 대화의 장면에는 「う」와 「うず」, 「らう」가 사용되었다. 셋째, 大蔵虎明本狂言에 나타난 추량표현의 분석결과와 선행연구의 기술을 비교하면 전체적인 경향은 일치한다고 볼 수 있으나 세부적인 표기형태와 활용형의 분포에는 차이점이 발견되었다. 분석결과 「む」와 「うず」의 이연형의 형태가 아직 사용되고 있었으며, 「べい」와 「らう」의 사용빈도도 높지 않은 점이 발견되어 중세후기의 일반적인 표기형태라고 볼 수 없다. 그러므로 사용양상 및 변화상을 면밀히 살펴보기 위해서는 구체적이고도 실제적인 자료 분석이 병행되어야 할 것이다. This paper is about the expression of guess for the [Okuratoraakirabon kyougen], which is reflecting language aspect from the late Middle Ages to Earlier period of early modern times. The following is the results. First, in the [Okuratoraakirabon kyougen] 4,552 cases of guess expression was extracted with four kinds of “Mu(む)”, “Muzu(むず)”, “Ramu(らむ)” and “Beshi(べし)” The most frequently used among them was “Mu(む)”, and subsequently “Muzu(むず)”, “Beshi(べし)” and “Ramu(らむ)”. Second, compared to “Mu(む)” and “N(ん)”, “U(う)” had more characteristics of spoken language. These features were shown on “Ramu(らむ)”commonly. But, “Ran(らん)” was more frequently used than “Rau(らう)” in case of “Ramu(らむ)”. So could understand that changes of writing forms and their frequency of appliance was not always matched. It was because writings were differed upon the sentence form. Finally, after comparing the analytic results of guess expression in the [Okuratoraakirabon kyougen] and the advanced research, overall tendencies are accord but there are differences in the detailed writing forms and the distribution of conjugated forms. Consequently, for examining the aspect of use and changing form thoroughly, the analysis of data must be combined by concretely and practically.

안와파열골절의 수술결과 평가에서 두 단면의 CT영상 필요성

이수향,범진식,김양우 대한성형외과학회 2005 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.32 No.2

In many reports on the reconstruction of an orbital blowout fracture, CT(computed tomography) imaging has been used for postoperative evaluation. However, in most cases, only one plane of the CT scan was presented, which may not be sufficient for accurate evaluation. This study reviewed the CT scans presented in the related 49 articles (56 cases), and investigated our patients (150 cases) to investigate where were the most frequent unfavorable reconstructions, and to determine which planes should be presented for accurate evaluation.One plane of the CT scan was presented in 70% of the cases. On the other hand, 30% of the cases presented two planes of the CT scans. In our cases, the most prevalent sites for an unfavorable reconstruction were the posterior portion of the inferior wall, and the posterior and the inferior portion of the medial wall. In order to accurately evaluate an orbital wall reconstruction, at least two planes of a CT scan are needed. For an inferior wall evaluation, both the middle and the posterior planes of the coronal section or both the coronal and the sagittal sections are necessary. In addition, for the medial wall evaluation, both the axial and the coronal sections or both the middle and the posterior planes of the coronal section are required.

두피 및 경부에서 발생한 원발성 피부 아스페르길루스증의 1례

이수향 대한성형외과학회 2005 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.32 No.3

The cutaneous aspergillosis is one of the most common dermatologic manifestations of disseminated infections associated with the Aspergillus organisms, but the isolated primary cutaneous disease itself can rarely occur in an immunocompetent host.We report a case of the primary cutaneous aspergillosis on the scalp and the neck in a 39-year-old immunocompetent male patient. There was a single purulent ulcer surrounded by the erythematous indurated plaque on the scalp with multiple satellite papules and a multi- lobulated granulomatous plaque with a crust on the neck. Skin biopsy demonstrated a fungus, the Aspergillus, in the deep dermis as the etiologic agent. No evidence of involvement in other organs was found. The patient exhibited no other apparent systemic diseases nor immunologic defects.An elliptical excision and a primary closure was performed, and the adjuvant antifungal treatment, oral itraconazole, was applied to prevent the recurrence by the satellite lesions.

일측성 이차 구순열 비변형에서 비공저와 비공턱 함몰의 수술적 교정

이수향,이경진,최현곤,김순흠,신동혁,엄기일,황은아 대한성형외과학회 2009 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.36 No.5

Purpose: Most unilateral secondary cleft lip nose deformities have depressed nostril base and sill on the cleft side. To obtain a symmetric nose, correction of the recession on nostril is critical. The authors have worked out effective methods to elevate the nostril of the cleft side according to the extent of the depression. Methods: A total of 115 unilateral secondary cleft lip nose deformity patients with nostril depression were evaluated. Data were acquired from patients' charts and photography with special reference to the height difference of the nostrils between the cleft side and the non - cleft side. Patients were divided into three groups based on the difference and operated with various techniques : (1) mild degree(< 1 ㎜) with graft, (2) moderate degree(1 ~ 3 ㎜) with C - flap or suspension suture of septal cartilage (3) severe degree(> 3 ㎜) with graft, C - flap and suspension suture. Follow - up period averaged 21.3 months. Results: Forty - six patients(40 percent) were in mild group, and forty - two(37 percent) were in moderate. In twenty - seven patients(23 percent), nostril recession was more than 3 ㎜. The elevated nostril base and sill were maintained without height alteration during follow - up. Conclusion: The symmetry of the nostril base, especially projection of nostril sill influences successful correction of unilateral cleft lip nose deformity. Our tolerable techniques can be applied to most deformities with nostril depression and can present a new guideline.

현신으로서의 인간: <만신>이 제기하는 문제들 - <만신>

이수향 한국영화평론가협회 2015 映畵 評論 Vol.27 No.-

운명과 개인의 오래된 대결이 여전히 유효한 이유 -<관상>을 읽는 한 독법

이수향 한국영화평론가협회 2014 映畵 評論 Vol.26 No.-

개인의 정서가 이명재훈련치료에 미치는 영향

이수향,이정학 한국청각언어재활학회 2013 Audiology and Speech Research Vol.9 No.1

According to previous researches, psychological factors are highly correlated with tinnitus occurrence and perception. However, the effects of psychological factors on tinnitus treatment are not well-known. This study examines how personal affects influence tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT), a popular method of tinnitus treatment. For this purpose, TRT had been performed for 65 subjects (M 33, F 32) aged between 15 and 75 years with tinnitus but normal hearing sensitivity. All subjects had worn a bone vibrator with a white noise masker at least 3 hours a day for 10 weeks at the individual mixing point level. Korean questionnaire of Tinnitus handicap inventory (K-THI) was used for measuring the effects of TRT for all subjects, and then for two sub-groups, positive affect (PA) group (n=17) and negative affect (NA) group (n=11), which were selected based on the scores of the positive affect and negative affect schedule (PANAS). The results were as follows. First, the differences in THI scores between pre and post TRT were statistically significant for total scores and all three subscale scores. Second, although both groups demonstrated considerable reduction in THI scores after TRT, the PA group showed significantly lower THI scores than the NA group. Third, the improvement rates considering the individual THI scores before TRT were higher for the PA group than the NA group, especially at emotional and catastrophic subscales. The above results suggest that personal affects influence tinnitus treatment. Thus, professional counseling or psychotherapy is recommended for persons with tinnitus who have strong negative affect.

추량의 조동사 う의 표기 성립배경에 관한 고찰 : 부정(打消)의 조동사 ん(ぬ) 와의 비교를 중심으로

이수향 고려대학교 일본학연구센터 2010 일본연구 Vol.14 No.-

「推量·予想」「?誘·期待·命令」「意志·決意·希望」「?定·婉曲」の意味用法を??した古典語推量の助動詞「む」の表記は周知の通り「ん」を?て「う·よう」に?化し、現代に至っている。「ん」の表記?遷に?する??の硏究では、「ん」が「う」の?音に似ているので自然に「う」に移行したという音韻論からの解?が中心である。しかしながら、「ん」表記の?遷を音韻?化のみで?明しようとするのは「う」?生について充分に把握し切っていない側面があり、表記形態の?遷を詳しく把握するためには他の角度からのアプロ?チが必要である。このような問題意識から本稿では、同じ「ん」の形態で使われていて、現代語にも?っている打消の助動詞「ず」の終止形·連?形の表記「ん」と比較、分析して助動詞「う」の表記が成立する背景について考察を行った。分析?象は「語と文語の?別がはっきりしている近世後期の」語資料で、?落本の「遊子方言(1770)」、「辰巳之園(1770)」及び人情本の「春色梅??美(1832~33)」である。その中から推量の助動詞「ん」「「う」と打消の助動詞「ぬ」」「ん」の用例を?出し、?話文と地の文に分けて使用頻度と使用?相を調査した。そしてそれぞれの文?の特?について?討した。その結果、打消の助動詞「ん」の方が推量の助動詞「ん」より言語の運用性が高く、影響力が?いことが明らかになった。その理由としては三つのことが?げられる。第一、推量の助動詞 「ん」」は文語の性格が?い文?で、ほとんどが地の文に用いられており、?話文の場合も一部の文章だけに表れるという特?がある。したがって口語?が?えるにつれ姿を消すようになる。反面、打消の助動詞「ん」は「ぬ」に比べて「語性が?いので文の中で使用の制約が少なく、そのことから使用範?がだんだん?くなった。第二、打消の助動詞「ん」は「ます」や「ございます」などに接?し「ません」、「ございません」の形態として使用が?大し、普遍化した。第三、打消の助動詞「ん」は多?な品詞に接?して使われたが、推量の助動詞「ん」は一部の品詞のみに接?して使われたので運用性が低かった。以上の理由とともに「ん」が「う」に?音しやすい側面があったので、推量の自動詞「ん」の表記は自然に「う」に移行したと推論できる。

시선을 담지하는 인물 구성과 서사의 불균질성 <세 자매>

이수향 한국영화평론가협회 2021 映畵 評論 Vol.33 No.-