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일반계 고등학교 남녀 학생이 지각한 불행의 토착심리: 성별, 학업성취별 분석
원민주 인하대학교 교육대학원 2016 국내석사
본 연구는 일반계 고등학교 남녀 학생이 지각한 불행에 대한 토착심리를 분석하는데 주된 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 가정생활, 학교생활, 여가생활 및 종합적으로 가장 불행할 때를 탐구하였다. 또한 성별, 학업성취별로 생활만족도와 행복의 차이를 분석하였다. 분석대상은 일반계 고등학생 총 239명(남 121, 여 118)이었다. 측정도구는 박영신(2015)이 제작한 질문지를 사용하였으며, 측정변인의 신뢰도는 Cronbach α=.69~.89였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 가정생활에서 가장 불행할 때는 가족간 갈등이 대표적이었고, 이외에 혼날 때, 학업부담이 포함되었다. 학교생활에서 불행할 때에 대해, 남학생은 성적 부진을, 여학생은 친구관계의 어려움을 가장 많이 지적하였다. 여가생활에서 불행한 때에 대해 학업성취 상집단은 성취의 어려움을, 하집단은 여가생활 못함을 가장 대표적으로 지적하였다. 둘째, 일반계 고등학교 남녀 학생이 종합적으로 가장 불행할 때는 학업부담, 친구관계의 어려움, 성취의 어려움, 가족간 갈등인 것으로 확인되었다. 학업성취 상집단은 학업부담을, 하집단은 친구관계의 어려움을 가장 많이 지적하는 차이가 있었다. 셋째, 성별에 따라 생활만족도(p<.01)와 행복(p<.05)에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 즉 여학생이 남학생보다 생활만족도가 낮았으며, 경제적 여유나 건강 및 자기조절과 관련된 행복수준이 낮았다. 넷째, 학업성취별 생활만족도(p<.001)와 행복(p<.05∼.001)에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 학업성취 하집단이 상집단보다 생활만족도가 낮았다. 또한 하집단이 상집단보다 원만한 인간관계, 개인적 성취, 건강, 자기조절, 경제적인 여유와 관련된 행복수준 및 전반적 행복수준이 낮았다. 주제어: 불행, 토착심리, 성별, 학업성취별, 학업부담, 친구관계 어려움, 가족 갈등, 생활만족도.
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Abstract Final Consonant Perception between Children with Speech Sound Disorder and Typically Developing Children Won, Min Ju Department of Speech Pathology & Audiology Graduate School, Hallym University Many researches are conducted to search for the cause of the problem which can be seen in speech production of children with speech sound disorder, which is generally known as functional articulation disorder. Among those researches, many researchers investigated speech perception ability, as an important cause of the problem which can be seen in speech production of children with speech sound disorder. To determine difference in speech perception ability between children with speech sound disorder and general children, many researches on speech perception have been conducted for a long time, however the result of research on speech perception ability between children with speech sound disorder and general children is various. The reason why such inconsistent research result was reported this way is, because object factors (articulation error type, age, etc.) and test factors (stimulus words, stimulus words provision method, etc.) were not properly controlled in the process of investigating speech perception ability. Henceforth, several researchers properly controlled object factors and test factors, also, mentioned that speech sound disorder children's speech perception ability difference can appear more when some acoustic information is hided or length of acoustic information is adjusted. As the result of several researches on speech perception, speech sound disorder children showed difficulty in handling perception cue more than general children when they are disturbed by other factors (ex: noise, sound characteristic according to gender and age) are added to abundant acoustic information. And in the research which utilized gating task which regulated acoustic information in order to confirm speech perception ability, also, it was reported that speech sound disorder children showed lower performance capability than general children when the whole acoustic information was provided or in the disadvantageous condition which deleted some redundant acoustic information. However, differently from the final consonant of English, in respect of Korean final consonant, the speech perception research which utilizes acoustic information of auslaut final consonant has a limitation to apply to Korean speech sound disorder children, because Korean final consonant is realized with no audible release. Overseas researches were actively conducted in respect that the problem in speech sound disorder children's speech production is caused by speech perception ability, however almost no such research has been conducted in domestic. Therefore, this research intended to investigate speech perception ability by comparing two groups by using gating test, according to ① the condition(whole) which perfectly included the whole acoustic section of auslaut final consonant and ② two pairs of test words ('bab-bat', 'mok-mot') which have the conditions (gated condition:-40ms, -60ms) which cut 40ms and 60ms each from the end of the whole acoustic section of auslaut final consonant targeting speech sound disorder children in their age of 4-6 who showed error in the final consonant and general children. Research objects were 15 speech sound disorder children in their age of 4-6 (average age of the month, 59.46 months), all of who showed final consonant error and 15 general children (average age of the month, 60.73 months). As the research tool, the researcher utilized speech sound by operating acoustic section length from the auslaut final consonant, also, manufactured and utilized Superlab 4.5 program. Two pairs of test words, used in the research were ‘bab-bat’, ‘mok-mot’, and the researcher made the children listen the sound source of total 48 (4 test words x 3 conditions (gated condition: whole, -40ms, -60ms) x two times repeat x 2 sets) through headphones and select a picture, then made it automatically be recorded by directly pressing reaction button. The researcher investigated children's response by using d-prime value which displayed over 1 when the children exactly perceived based on sound signal, and displayed close to 0 when the children randomly responded. In order to investigate the difference between the two groups, the researcher conducted repeated measure twoway analysis of variance according to three conditions per each test words pair. As the research result, general children group showed higher d-prime average value in order of 'whole, -40ms, -60ms' according to the condition in test words pair, 'bab-bat' than speech sound disorder children group, meaningful difference appeared between speech sound disorder children and general children, and between conditions. In respect of 'mok-mot' test words pair, general children group showed higher d-prime average value in order of 'whole, -40ms' according to the condition than speech sound disorder children, except '-60ms', however no meaningful difference appeared between speech sound disorder children and general children, and between conditions. In respect of ‘pab-pat’ test words, speech sound disorder children displayed more difficulty in speech perception ability according to the condition of providing acoustic information than general children, however in 'mok-mot', no difference in speech perception ability appeared between speech sound disorder children and general children in both conditions which included all acoustic information and that partly deleted. The reason why no difference appeared in 'mok-mot' can be said that there was a difficulty in perceiving testing word itself yet due to the influence of coarticulation and vowel of the test words which were utilized in the research. This research result determined that performance capability difference appe
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