석면과 환경성 질환

안종주,Ahn, Jong-Ju 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.6

Humans have a long history of asbestos use. There are reports from the Roman era, of asbestos victims among the slaves who worked in asbestos mines. The fact that asbestos can induce lung cancer and mesothelioma was verified epidemiologically in the 1960s. Asbestos related diseases are predominantly occupational in nature but can be caused by environmental exposure. Environmental mesothelioma is mainly associated with tremolite asbestos and this information comes from many countries including Turkey, Greece, Corsica, New Caledonia and Cyprus. In 1993, the first case of mesothelioma in Korea was reported in an asbestos textile worker. Recently, some asbestos disease victims who lived near an asbestos factory have their cases before the courts. A series of recent asbestos-related events in Korea, for example, the shocking revelation of asbestos containing talc in baby powders have caused the general public to become aware of the health risks of asbestos exposure. Asbestos related diseases are characterized by a long latency period, especially, mesothelioma which has no threshold of safety. Hence the best strategy for preventing asbestos related diseases is to decrease asbestos exposure levels to as low as possible.

낙지 카드뮴 파동과 리스크 커뮤니케이션

안종주,Ahn, Jong-Ju 한국환경보건학회 2010 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.36 No.5

In Korea, food-risk shock announcements are made one or more times annually; such as last September, 2010 when Seoul City revealed a very high concentration of cadmium in small octopus intestines sold in Korea. As a result, consumers avoided eating domestic as well as imported small octopus. Fishermen protested against Seoul city; however, the Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) announced that small octopus intestines pose no safety risk. The conflict between KFDA and Seoul City on the safety of small octopus intestines amplified the confusion of consumers. The small octopus cadmium shock resembled previous food-risk shocks in many respects. Effective risk communication is important in resolving food risk shocks as risk affects people case-by-case; for example people who do not eat small octopus intestines should not be at any risk, but those who do enjoy small octopus intestines, especially one more times per week, could be at risk. Therefore, it is necessary to communicate different risk messages to people or groups with different eating habits. From this point of view, the risk message conveyed by the KFDA on small octopus intestines was not appropriate.

여론 주도 집단의 환경보건 위해물질에 대한 인식도와 그 관리 정책에 관한 연구 -유전자재조합식품과 내분비계 장애물질을 중심으로

안종주,백남원,Ahn, Jong-Ju,Paik, Nam-Won 한국환경보건학회 2005 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.31 No.5

This study was performed to investigate the perceptions of the opinion leaders, such as government officials, researchers, NGO workers, and journalists on the risks of endocrine disrupters (EDs) and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as well as the related policies on these two hazards or potential hazards. The opinion leaders generally considered the EDs as the most serious hazard among twenty-one environmental health hazards in Korea, and agreed that the EDs would continuously be the most serious hazard. On overall average, the GMOs were ranked the 11th among the twenty-one health hazards. Further investigation indicated that the GMOs were variously ranked by the group of respondents: they were ranked the 2nd by the NGO workers, the 7th by the journalists, the 9th by the researchers and the 11th by the government officials. In general, the respondents considered the dioxin as a hazard with the highest risk while the GMOs were considered less hazardous. The opinion leaders considered that although the risks of the GMOs and EDs were not fully verified, the risks should be controlled through the legislation. The EDs and GMOs should be separately regulated for the time being, while the EDs should put under more strengthened regulation. It is recommended that a web-site containing the information on the EDs and the GMOs be prepared for the journalists. In addition, a training program in relation to the EDs and the GMOs needs to be organized by the Korean Press Foundation and the Korea Food and Drug Administration to educate the journalists. A committee consisting of government officials, scientists, and NGO workers needs to be established, and it should provide framework of future policies and public relations programs.

제작방법에 따른 임시 수복용 레진의 마모저항성에 관한 연구

안종주,허중보,최재원,Ahn, Jong-Ju,Huh, Jung-Bo,Choi, Jae-Won 대한치과보철학회 2019 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.57 No.2

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 적층 가공(additive manufacturing)법, 절삭 가공(subtractive manufacturing)법, 전통적인 방법에 따른 임시 수복용 레진의 마모 저항성을 조사하는 것이다. 재료 및 방법: 제작방법에 따라 4개의 군으로 나누었으며, 각 군은 전용의 임시 수복용 레진을 사용하였다: S3P군, Stereolithography apparatus (SLA) 3D 프린터 및 전용의 광경화성 수지로 제작한 군; D3P군, Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D 프린터 및 전용의 광경화성 수지로 제작한 군; MIL군, Milling machine 및 밀링용 레진 블록으로 제작한 군; CON군, 전통적인 방법 및 자가중합형 레진으로 제작한 군. 한편, 3D 프린팅된 레진 시편을 제작함에 있어 적층 각도와 층 두께를 각각 $0^{\circ}$와 $100{\mu}m$로 설정하였다. 구강내 환경을 재현하기 위하여 열순환 처리와 수평, 수직운동이 가능한 2축 chewing simulator를 사용하였으며, 하부에는 한쪽면이 편평하게 제작된 임시 수복용 레진을, 상부에는 끝이 3 mm 직경을 가지는 원뿔형의 steatite를 고정하여 마모시험 진행하였다(5 kg, 30,000회, 0.8 Hz, $5^{\circ}C/55^{\circ}C$). 임시 수복용 레진의 마모량은 마모 전후의 Standard Triangulated Language (STL) 파일과 전용의 CAD software를 이용하여 부피를 계산하였고, 주사전자현미경으로 마모 양상을 비교하였다. 결과: S3P군, D3P군, MIL군의 마모량은 CON군보다 유의하게 작았으며 (P < .05), S3P군, D3P군, MIL군 사이에는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다 (P > .05). 주사전자현미경으로 마모면을 관찰한 결과, S3P군과 D3P군에서는 대합치의 운동 방향에 대해 수직적으로 갈라진 흔적이 발견되었다. MIL군에서는 전반적으로 균일한 마모면이 보인 반면, CON군에서는 대합치 운동 방향으로의 뚜렷한 마모 흔적과 다수의 기포가 관찰되었다. 결론: 본 연구의 한계 내에서, 3D 프린팅된 임시 수복용 레진은 치과용으로서 적절한 마모저항성을 보였다. Purpose: This study was to evaluate the wear resistance of 3D printed, milled, and conventionally cured provisional resin materials. Materials and methods: Four types of resin materials made with different methods were examined: Stereolithography apparatus (SLA) 3D printed resin (S3P), digital light processing (DLP) 3D printed resin (D3P), milled resin (MIL), conventionally self-cured resin (CON). In the 3D printed resin specimens, the build orientation and layer thickness were set to $0^{\circ}$ and $100{\mu}m$, respectively. The specimens were tested in a 2-axis chewing simulator with the steatite as the antagonist under thermocycling condition (5 kg, 30,000 cycles, 0.8 Hz, $5^{\circ}C/55^{\circ}C$). Wear losses of the specimens were calculated using CAD software and scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to investigate wear surface of the specimens. Statistical significance was determined using One-way ANOVA and Dunnett T3 analysis (${\alpha}=.05$). Results: Wear losses of the S3P, D3P, and MIL groups significantly smaller than those of the CON group (P < .05). There was no significant difference among S3P, D3P, and MIL group (P > .05). In the SEM observations, in the S3P and D3P groups, vertical cracks were observed in the sliding direction of the antagonist. In the MIL group, there was an overall uniform wear surface, whereas in the CON group, a distinct wear track and numerous bubbles were observed. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, provisional resin materials made with 3D printing show adequate wear resistance for applications in dentistry.

국내 주요 직업병 및 생활제품 위해 사건과 전문가의 역할

안종주(Jong-Ju Ahn) 한국환경보건학회 2022 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.48 No.1

The industrial development and socioeconomic structures of a society are inextricably linked to occupational accidents and diseases. Since the 1970s, a series of major occupational diseases have occurred in South Korea, such as mercury poisoning in Munsong-myeon, carbon disulfide poisoning at Wonjin Rayon, and leukemia at Samsung Electronics. These incidents have caused us to take a critical look at the level of worker safety and health management within companies and the government. These serve as symbolic and representational events. Doctors, lawyers, and labor activists concerned about employee safety and lives came together for years to struggle with the government and industry in order to determine what caused the diseases and to obtain compensation for victims. They finally achieved recognition for occupational diseases and recompense for losses. It is difficult to find similar cases to the baby powder asbestos talc cases and the radon bed case internationally, or there is no case where such a large number of consumers have been potentially harmed. It is also difficult to prove that the damage took place due to the victims diverse geographic locations and ages, as well as the disease’s long incubation period. Based on this premise, businesses and the government have been apathetic in acknowledging these diseases and compensating for damages, with few practical outcomes. Furthermore, unlike the large-scale occupational disease cases, only a few people including expert groups were organized and actively participated in the settlement of these issues, so it remains unfinished business for our society to address.

한국 보건학자들의 사회적 영향력 확대 방안에 관한 소고(小考)

안종주 ( Jong Ju Ahn ) 대한보건협회 2008 대한보건연구 Vol.34 No.2

국내 주요 환경보건 재난의 전개 과정과 그 교훈, 그리고 환경보건 전문가의 역할

안종주(Jong-Ju Ahn) 한국환경보건학회 2022 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.48 No.1

In today’s civilization, it can be impossible to prevent disasters that cause large-scale human and material harm, and the environmental industry is not excepted from this. Over the last 50 years, several large and small environmental health catastrophes have occurred in Korea. Notable instances include the phenol pollution accident in the Nakdong River, the Hebei Spirit oil spill in Taean, Chungcheongnam-do, and the humidifier disinfectant disaster. Looking at these instances, it is clear that the government failed to prevent similar incidents and accidents after the tragedies. The government created and executed different policies to prevent such incidents and accidents, but the majority of them were highly fragmented. It is understandable that depending on the political and social level of the society in which the environmental health hazard incident/ accident happened, the investigation of the cause, countermeasures, and policy reaction may differ. To put it another way, the more authoritarian and non-democratic a political social system is, the more likely it is to cover up occurrences and accidents without a deep examination. This is in line with the members of society s level of political awareness and acknowledgment of the importance of life and safety. In 1985, when the Onsan pollution disease was discovered, and in 2011, when we recognized the realities of the humidifier disinfectant disaster, South Korea s political and social systems were entirely different.

가습기 살균제 제품에 표기된 안전보건정보 고찰

박동욱(Dong-Uk Park),이승희(Seunghee Lee),임흥규(Heung-Kyu Lim),배서연(Seo-Youn Bae),류승훈(Seung-Hun Ryu),안종주(Jong-Ju Ahn) 한국환경보건학회 2017 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.43 No.5

The objective of this study is to review the safety and health information displayed on containers of humidifier disinfectants (HD). We summarized not only general characteristics related to the marketing and manufacturing of HD, such as the duration sold and the name of the company, but also the safety and health information, such as identification of disinfectants, recommended use volume, and precautions. All of this information was reviewed by HD brand. We collected safety and health information from 31 HD brands. We found that companies that sold and manufactured HD brands differ. Two companies were found to sell their HD without permission after 2011 when the health effects caused by HD were widely known. The name of the disinfectants were not identified on the container of HD. The recommended volumes were found not to be based on toxicological evidence and set without consideration of the level of susceptibility of users. Most companies displayed phrases such “this HD is safe for humans, even children” on the front of the container. No inhalation and skin toxicity precautions were provided. In conclusion, most HD did not properly display information related to safety and health to protect the health of HD users. There has been no official investigation to evaluate the risks posed by HD, such as the sales volume by HD, identification of chemical disinfectants, or their concentration, nor have there been actions to control the chemical quality of HD. In addition, government actions to punish the malicious practices of companies that manufactured and sold HD were found to inappropriate