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뽕나무 내한성(耐寒性)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) -특(特)히 지조함유물질(枝條含有物質)과 내한성(耐寒性)과의 관계(關係)에 대(對)하여-
김호락 ( Ho Rak Kim ) 한국잠사학회 1980 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.22 No.1
본 연구는 뽕나무 품종별 그리고 추기수확시기 및 방법에 따르는 내한성의 정도와 내한성에 영향을 미치는 지조의 함유성분량과의 관계를 조사하여, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 뽕나무 품종별 내한성은 용천추우, 자천 강원 3호 및 시평이 가장 강하였고, 노상, 개량서반, 유전 및 구상28호가 중간정도이었으며, 일지뢰, 모상, 구상21호 및 수원상3호가 가장 약한 품종에 속하였다. 2. 추기수확시기 및 방법과 잔엽부위에 따른 동아 50% 치사온도에 의한 내한성 검정결과는 포장에서의 선고장비율과 부의 상관관계(r=-0.59*)를 나타내었다. 뽕나무의 내한성 증대작용은 9월초부터 9월말까지 계속되며, 9월 중순에 그 정도가 가장 커서 이때의 적엽은 내한성을 약화시켰으며, 특히 전적엽 및 수확 후 기부잔엽을 내한성을 크게 약화시키었다. 그러나 적심처리를 하면 내한성을 약화를 줄일 수 있었다. 3. 품종별 지조의 성분함량과 내한성과의 관계를 보면 조단백질 및 수용성 단백질함량은 부의 상관관계(r=-0.70*)이었으나, 이들에 대한 전탄수화물의 함량 비에서는 정의 상관관계(각각 r=0.31 및 r=0.71*)이었으며, 당 및 RNA 함량과도 높은 정의 상관관계(각각 r=0.67* 및 r=0.99**)가 인정되었다. 그러나 건물률, 지방, 전탄수화물함량 및 DNA함량과는 무관하였다. 4. 뽕나무 지조에는 동기에 raffinose, lactose, sucrose, glucose, fructose, arabinose, xylose, ribose (추정) rhamnose 등 9종의 당류가 동정되었다. 이들 당류는 내한성과 깊을 관련을 갖는데, 특히 당의 대부분을 차지하는 sucrose, glucose 및 fructose의 함량 차가 크게 영향하였다. 5. 추기수확시기에 따라서는 9월 12일 전적엽구의 지조내 RNA함량의 심한 감소를 제외하고는 고 시기가 늦어지는데 따라서 그 함량이 증가하였다. 수확방법에 따라서는 전반적으로 수확을 하게 되면 RNA함량이 감소되었으나 적심잔엽을 하면 그 감소를 줄일 수 있었다. 수확 후 잔엽부위별로 보면 중상부의 잔엽은 지조 내 RNA함량을 증가시켰고, 상부의 말숙엽과 하부의 노령 옆을 잔엽하면 그 함량이 감소되었다. 수확방법에 따른 RNA함량과 내한성과는 꼭 일치하지는 않았으나, 정의 상관관계가 인정되었다.(r=0.51*). Some substances and freezing tolerance in the mulberry (Morus species) branch have been studied on the basis of varietal differences and harvesting times along with harvesting methods in autumn. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The highest freezing tolerance was shown in the varieties of Yongcheon-chou, Jasan, Kang-weon No. 3 and Ichihei, the medium in Roso, Kairyonezumigaeshi, Yanagida and Kokuso No.28, and the lowest in Ichinose, Mokuso, Kokuso No. 21 and Suweousang No. 3. 2. There was a significant negative correlation (r=-0.59*) between death atop percentage in the field and the temperature required to kill 50% of the mulberry buds (T50) with the harvesting times and methods in autumn. Cold hardening occurred in the early through the end of September with the peak at the mid-september. During this period, leaf harvest decreased freezing tolerance with remarkable decrease due to picking all the leaves and leaving several leaves at the base of branch. Greater cold hardening was induced by leaving several leaves after topping. 3. Negative correlations were observed between freezing tolerance and the contents of soluble (r=-0.70*) and crude (r=-0.70*) protein. However, positive correlations were shown between freezing tolerance and total carbohydrate contents per crude (r=0.31*) and per soluble (r=0.71*) protein. There were also positive correlations between freezing tolerance and total sugar (r=0.67*) and RNA content (r=0.99**). No relationships of dry matter, fat, total carbohydrate and DNA contents were observed to the freezing tolerance. 4. Such sugars as raffinose, lactose, sucrose, glucose, fructose, arabinose, xylose, ribose (assumed) and rhamnose were detected in winter mulberry branch. Major sugars such as sucrose, glucose, and fructose were supposed to have higher relationship to the freezing tolerance than the other sugars. 5. Late harvesting increased RNA content except in the case of total leaf picking at mid-September. Leaf picking decreased RNA content. Some amount of RNA was, however, maintained by leaving several leaves after topping. Leaving upper-middle leaves of a branch showed high RNA content. Leaving young leaves at the top and the overmatured leaves at the base showed low content. A positive correlation (r=0.51*) was noted between RNA content and freezing tolerance in the different harvesting methods.
RAPD 마커를 이용한 멧누에와 집누에 계통간의 분자적 유연관계 분석
황재삼,이진성,구태원,강현아,손해룡,김호락,Hwang, Jae-Sam,Lee, Jin-Sung,Goo, Tae-Won,Kang, Hyun-Ah,Sohn, Hae-Ryong,Kim, Ho-Rak 한국생명과학회 1998 생명과학회지 Vol.8 No.4
본 연구는 RAPD마커를 이용, 멧누에와 집누에의 분자적 유연관계를 분석하였다. 공시한 35개의 primer에서 166개의 RAPD마커를 얻었으며, 이들 마커를 UPGMA에 의해 분석한 결과, 멧누에와 분자적 유사계수가 가장 낮은 품종은 잠305였고, 가장 높은 품종은 Bibaekjam이었다. 또한, 분자적 유사계수 0.55에서 멧누에와 집누에 계통군으로 분류되고, 0.60에서 3개의 아군 그룹과 2개의 독립개체로 분류되었다. 제1아군에는 J111(일본종계),$pnd^{ps}$(일본종계), Bibaekjam(일본종계)이, 제2아군에는 Galwon(중국종계), C18(중국종계), od yujam JAM306(중국종계), C108(중국종계)이, 제3아군에는 R-hwang(중국종계)이 포함되어 있었고, zebra(유럽종계)와 JAM305(일본종게)는 독립개체로 분류되었다. The molecular relationships have analyzed between the Bombyx mandarina(wild silkworm) and Bombyx mori strains (domesticated silkworm, geographical silkworms). A total of 166 polymorphic RAPD markers amplified from 35 different primers were used to analyze the molecular relationships among thirteen silkworm strains. The genetic similarity coefficient between Bombyx mandarina and Jam305 showed the lowest genetic similarity value with 0.451, Bombyx mandarina and Bibaekjam showed the highest genetic similarity value with 0.958. These strains were classified into Bombyx mandarina(a wild silkworm) and Bombyx mori(twelve domesticated silkworm) groups upon the genetic similary coefficient of 0.55. Further classificient of 0.60; the 1st sub-group (J111, Bibaekjam, $pnd^{ps}$), the 2nd sub-group (Galwon, C18, od yujam, JAM306, C108), the 3rd sub-group(R-hwang, p50), the 4th sub-group(zebra) and the 5th sub-group(JAM305). According to this study, RAPD markers seems to be a valuable tool for molecular relationships and classification among the silkworms.
金浩樂,崔勝雲,林秀浩 한국잠사학회 1991 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.33 No.2
Mulberry cuttings from shoots of Shinkwangppong (Morus bombycis koidz.) had been callused in vermiculite separately at 15, 20, 25 and 30°C for 15 days before transplanting them in greenhouse to make clear the effect of temperature on root formation and growth is as follows. The buds of cuttings started sprouting in 4 and 6 days of callusing at 30 and 25°C, respectively, reaching 100% budding in 10 and 15 days of callusing. Budding was delayed, however, at low temperature, showing 86% and 92% at 15 and 20°C, respectively, in 15 days. Rooting from the cuttings was also accelerated at high temperature, showing 97~ 100% rooting at 25°C and 30°C, in 15 days of callusing but no more than 93% at low temperature even in 35 days. Although high temperature increased root number and length after 15 days in callusing, no differences showed in the number and the weight at more than 20°C in 35 days of cutting.
金浩樂,成圭秉,李相郁,林秀浩 한국잠사학회 1994 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.36 No.2
Profitability was analysed in the fields of various planting densities from 1,666 trees/10 a to 4,166 with mulberry grafts or conventional saplings under the consideration of leaf yield and quality. Leaf yield per tree decreased with the higher planting densities. Seasonal and total leaf yield per area, however, increased by 20 to 63% as a mean for 3 years in the densities of 2,083~4,166 trees per 10a than in the conventional density of 1,666 trees per10a. The increase in leaf yield per area was not so high in the densities over 2,083. Leaf yield in the sapling plots was a little higher than that in the graft plots. Topping of shoot tip affected neither on the branch length nor on yield. Yield was higher in the planting spacing with single raws than in that with double raws. Quality of leaves in the densities from 2,083 to 3,333 trees per 10a was relatively good judged based on the results of the pupation rate and cocoon yield and quality.
崔勝雲,金浩樂 한국잠사학회 1991 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.33 No.2
Various concentrations of α-naphthalene acetic acid(NAA) as a root-promoting substance were tested in hardwood cutting of the mulberry (Morus bombycis Koidz., cultivar : Shinkwangppong) to make clear the callusing effect on the budding and root growth. Budding and shoot growth of cutting were delayed at high concentrations of NAA within 10 days of callusing. Especially more severe is it at higher than 50 ppm. More than 93% of them, however, budded in two weeks when callused at less than 100 ppm NAA. Although rooting was accelerated at high concentration of NAA from the bigining of cutting, after that rooting percentage increased to reach 100% in 35 days of cutting in any concentration except 150 ppm with relatively low rooting. Root growth was utmostly accelerated at 50 ppm NAA to show the highest amount in number, length and weight of roots per cutting although high concentration of it decreased mean root length.