안강망어구(鮟鱇網漁具)의 모형실험

김용해,고관서 한국수산학회 1979 한국수산과학회지 Vol.12 No.4

The stow net now used in the Yellow Sea, are traditional bag net with the opening held by a lighter upper and a weighted lower beams standing against the current. Such bag net anchored at the bottom are known in many countries, particularly in the estuaries of large rivers, but more rarely in sea fisheries, because they are too much affected by the weather, moreover a permanent strong current is necessary. Some scientists intended to improve this fishing gear, using the shearing devices instead of a lighter upper and a weighted lower beams in order to widen mouth of the stow net however they are unsuccessful. One-fortieth scale model net of the stow net was tested in a circular water tank with an effective volume of 5.67m×1.76m×1.00m, with a view of observing the configuration and tension of the net. Experiments were carried out under the various combination including water velocity, spherical floats and elevating floats with the shearing hoods instead of the upper beam. We found those devices offered a very low resistance per net area to current compared with the spherical floats or upper beam, and had a fairly good shearing power at any velocity and direction of the current. the total resistance (R) of the model net to which shearing hoods and floats are attached can be induced by the following formula under the condition of 0.25m/sec to 0.5m/sec, R(kg)=3.11V^1.54 The height (h) of the improved model net (m-B) is higher than traditional model net(m-A) with upper and lower beams. m-A: h(cm)=89.22-2.42(V-15). (V ≥15, cm/sec) m-B: h(cm)=89.20-0.78V (V:cm/sec) The catch efficiency of improved model net is 1.5 times traditional model net.

인간 존엄성의 근거: 종교적 실존 - 서학과 동학 간의 대화를 기초로 한 보편화 시도 -

김용해 동학학회 2007 동학학보 Vol.11 No.2

인권 이념의 보편성 논쟁은 우리에게 인권을 철학적으로 근거 지어야 할 필요성을 더욱 강조하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 상이한 문화주체들이 인권의 근거를 인간존엄성에 두고, 인간존엄성의 담론 장에서 인권에 관한 대화를 진행한다면 인권의 보편성이 합의될 것이라는 가설을 가지고 인권을 근거 지으려 한다. 인간존엄성을 세계윤리를 위한 보편타당한 기초로 유효하게 세우기 위해서 인간 존엄성의 기초를 연구해야 할 터인데, 이 기초는 궁극적으로 인간의 ‘종교적 실존’이라는 지평에 놓여 있다. 일반적으로 종교란 첫째 자기실현의 도상에 있는 현재적 인간이 존재의 무상성 안에서 자기 한계를 경험하고, 둘째 인간과 구별되는 실재 그 자체를 자각하고, 셋째 그 실재와의 합치 혹은 조화를 통해 자신의 완성과 목적으로 나아가도록 인도하는 의미체계 혹은 그것의 공동체로 이해한다. 우리는 종교와 도덕 문화 안에서 종교적 실존을 분석하기 위해, 우선 문제로 놓여 있는 인간의 한계적 실존과, 문제 해결로서 제시되고 있는 실재와의 관계 맺음을 전통적인 3가지의 방법, 즉 신비주의의 길, 선험의 길, 신앙의 길 안에서 검토할 것이다(2). 이를 통하여 인간의 실존적 의무와 권리 개념이 종교적 실존에서 어떻게 도출되는지를 파악하게 된다. 그리고 인권은 실존의 의무를 실행하기 위한 권능으로 정당화될 수 있다. 인권은 인간 존엄성 실현을 위한 전제조건이자 필요조건이며 그러나 충분조건은 아니다. 인간의 존엄성은 인권이 보장된 삶을 사는 것 뿐 아니라, 실존에 대한 자기 의무 이행을 통해서 실현되기 때문이다. 인간 존엄성 이념 안에 놓여있는 실존의 의무와 인권은 서로를 조건지우지 않고 통합되어 있는 경우도 있다. 진실, 진리, 정의, 양심의 문제들은 실재와 세계를 향해 놓여 있는 인간의 의무이자 권리이기도 하다(3,4). 종교적 실존의 분석은 결국 인권의 근거는 인간 존엄성에 있고, 다시 인간 존엄성은 인간의 종교적 실존에 근거하고 있음을 드러낸다.

Effects of the Net Contrast of a Model Codend on the Escapement of Juvenile Red Seabream Pagrus major

김용해,황대성 한국수산과학회 2011 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.14 No.2

Visual stimuli of nets, which affect fishing selectivity, vary by twine diameter, color, and material under different light conditions and visual geometries. In this study, two cylindrical model codends of two mesh sizes, 28 and 43 mm, were made of high-contrast, dark brown polyethylene (PE) netting twine and low contrast, light-blue polyamid (PA) monofilament twine. Each model codend was filled with juvenile seabream and set in the water channel of a light-blue circular tank under a flow speed 0.8 m/s for 30 min. Light conditions were set to relatively bright, dim, and dark. The resulting retention rates of juvenile seabream were 15-35% lower for the low-contrast codend with PA monofilament than for the high contrast PE twine netting under bright and dim light conditions, while no difference was observed under dark conditions. The effects of mesh size and netting contrast on the retention rate were dependent on the light level, while the retention rate due to netting contrast was independent of mesh size. Therefore, low-contrast nets in the codend could help to reduce juvenile bycatch by disturbing the orderly optomotor response.

Shaking Motion Characteristics of a Cod-end Caused by an Attached Circular Canvas during Tank Experiments and Sea Trials

김용해 한국수산과학회 2013 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.16 No.3

A shaking motion could be used to improve fish escapement from a cod-end net by creating a sieving effect over the swept volume or by disturbing the optomotor response of the fish. In this study, a perpendicular shaking motion was generated in a towed cod-end net by a circular canvas attached to the end of the codend, which formed a biased cap-like shape. This concept was tested by using a model in a flow tank and by towing a prototype cod-end during sea trials. For the model tests, the amplitude of the shaking motion was 0.6 ± 0.1 times the rear diameter of the cod-end, and the period of the shaking motion was 2.6 ± 0.1 s at a flow velocity of 0.6 or 0.8 m/s. In the sea trials, the amplitude was 0.5 ± 0.2 times the rear diameter of the cod-end, and the period of the shaking motion was 7 ± 4 s at towing speeds of 1.2 or 1.7 m/s. Thus, the shaking amplitude during the sea trials was equal to or less than that observed in the tank tests, and the shaking period was twice as long. The shaking motion described by the amplitude and period could be an effective means to stimulate fish escapement from cod-end during fishing operations considering the response of the fish.

Fluttering Characteristics of the Ropes and Nets as an Active Stimulating Device inside the Cod End of a Trawl Net

김용해 한국수산과학회 2013 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.16 No.2

An active stimulating device (ASD) consisting of a net panel or ropes fluttering in the turbulence inside the cod end was effective in driving fish near the cod end to reduce juvenile by-catch. The fluttering characteristics of the rope and net panel were examined by video observations and analyzed for fluttering amplitude and period in a water channel and in field experiments with a bottom trawl. The amplitude ratio of the fluttering ropes or nets in the tank test increased with the fluttering index as the diameter of the twine, mesh size, flexibility, and flow velocity changed, whereas the period decreased with the above factors. In bottom trawl experiments, the range of mean depth difference in the fluttering net panel was 12-17% of the length of the fluttering net, and the period of depth difference or three-dimensional (3D) tilt was revealed, with shorter ones ranging from 2 to 6 s. The amplitude as depth difference and period from field measurements were similar to those of nets in tank experiments and also to the period of 3D flow velocity inside the cod end. These results could be used to design an ASD that could be used for to the cod end of actual towed fishing gear to reduce juvenile by-catch.

인삼모상근의 생장과 Ginsenosides 생성에 미치는 Electron Acceptor, Electron Transport Inhibitors 및 Antioxidants의 효과 ( Effect of Electron Acceptor, Electron Transport Inhibitors and Antioxidants on Growth and Ginsenosides Production in Hairy Root cultures of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer )

김용해,최규명,양덕춘,윤길영,양덕조 고려인삼학회 1999 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.23 No.4

Bycatch Reduction by Experimental Shaking Codend Attached with Canvas in a Bottom Trawl

김용해 한국수산과학회 2015 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.18 No.3

An active stimulating method for juvenile fishes to drive escaping from mesh of the codend was examined by shaking canvas in the bottom trawl followed by shrimp beam trawl. Field fishing trials by a bottom trawl were carried out between the Gemoondo and Jejudo in west of South sea, Korea by cover net methods to examine the effect on the reduction of juvenile fish as a discard catch by generating a shaking movement of the codend using two pieces of asymmetrical semi-circular canvas. The mean period of the shaking motion with the round canvas was 10-15 s, and the range of amplitude as a vertical depth change was up to 0.4-0.6 m when towing speed 3.4-4.3 k’t as estimated by peak event analysis. The escape rate of juvenile fish in cover net by total juvenile bycatch (codend and cover-net) in 14 trials increased from 20% in a steady codend to 34% using a shaking codend in the bottom trawl, while the marketing catch or total bycatch was similar between steady and shaking cod ends. There was no difference in the body size of the fish and species composition between the steady and shaking cod ends. Above results demonstrate a new method for bycatch reduction actually up to 18% using an active stimulating device, although further experiments are needed to increase an effective shaking motion of the codend in amplitude and period for more bycatch reduction.

시천주 조화정: 신앙과 치유의 원리

김용해 동학학회 2009 동학학보 Vol.17 No.-

We can in general define religion as acts and endeavors to be conscious of the differences between human being and God or the Absolute at one hand, and at the other hand to unite both again. Is the essential act of religion, namely the act of faith a necessary condition for the healing and completement of the individual? How does the faith of the individual influence the redemption of the society? This article is aimed to find out the principles of faith and healing, and the relation of both in the religious experience of Su-un, Choe Jae-u and his crucial teachings. First of all I analyze the experience of God which forms his core thought, Thongguiilche(All things are originated from the One) and two modes of expression of this archtype-experience, namely amulet and reciting prayer. And then I interpret the inner relations between both forms. Through this work we can understand that the pairs of concepts, faith and social justice, individual completement and development of community, healing of the individual and social redemption are not divided into two, but just two sides of the One. 종교는 일반적으로 ‘인간이 신(절대자 또는 절대지평)과의 차이를 자각하고 다시 신(또는 절대지평)과 재일치하려고 정성을 다하는 노력과 행위’로 정의할 수 있다. 종교의 본질적 행위, 즉 절대지평으로 향하는 자기초월적 신앙행위는 개인의 치유, 개인의 완성에 필연적 조건인가? 더 나아가 이 신앙행위는 사회구제에 어떤 영향을 끼치는가? 수운 최제우의 종교경험과 그의 핵심적 가르침에서 신앙과 치유의 원리는 무엇이고 이 양자는 어떤 관계를 형성하는지를 살피는 것이 논문의 동기이다. 논문에서는 무엇보다 수운 사상의 핵심인 동귀일체가 나오게 된 1860년의 한울님 체험, 이 체험의 두 가지 형식의 표현인 영부와 주문을 분석하고 그 관계를 해석한다. 이를 통해 신앙과 사회정의, 개인의 수양과 공동체의 발전, 개인의 치유와 사회구제가 각각 분리된 영역으로 존재하지 않고 동귀일체의 양면일 뿐이라는 가르침을 이해하게 된다.

Analysis of body size selectivity of by-catch using the cover net method for a shrimp beam trawl

김용해 한국수산해양기술학회 2015 수산해양기술연구 Vol.51 No.2

Selectivity and by-catch are the main features used to define fish catch for fisheries management or to determine fishing gear efficiency. A fish girth distribution analysis was carried out to determine the retention rate of juveniles discarded and to establish common selectivity for a multispecies catch. Total body length, body weight, and girth of juvenile fish retained in the cod-end and cover net separately were collected using an 18-mm mesh cover net during 12 fishing trials with a 41-mm cod-end beam trawl. The by-catch weight ratio in the cod-end was twice that of the by-catch ratio in number. The 50% selectivity of body length and 50% girth of redfin velvet fish were not significantly different between the cod-end and cover net, whereas those of other fish species were significantly different between the cod-end and cover net. The difference in 50% selectivity girth of other fish between the cod-end and cover net was similar between cod-end mesh size and cover net mesh size. Furthermore, the difference in 50% body length selectivity of other fish between the cod-end and cover net was almost double the difference in girth. Girth selectivity in a multispecies catch using towed fishing gear was effectively used to determine fish and net mesh size.

Complex Movements of Skipjack Schools Based on Sonar Observations during Pelagic Purse Seining

김용해 한국수산과학회 2007 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.10 No.4