Texture Properties of Rice Cakes Made of Rice Flours Treated with 4-α-Glucanotransferase and Their Relationship with Structural Characteristics

김양,김영림,Khanh Son Trinh,김용노,문태화 한국식품과학회 2012 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.21 No.6

Rice flours were treated using a thermostable 4-α-glucanotransferase (GTase) from Thermus aquaticus for 1, 3, and 48 h. Molecular weight of modified rice starch rapidly decreased within 1 h of reaction, then slowed down. As the reaction proceeded, the proportions of short (<DP 11) and long (>DP 30) branched chains of modified starch increased, whereas the proportion of medium chains decreased. Rice cakes were prepared with native and GTase-treated rice flours (substitution at 5%) and kept for 3 and 21 h. Texture profile analysis indicated significantly increased hardness, adhesiveness, chewiness, and resilience in rice cakes containing treated rice flours. Sensory analysis revealed that the rice cakes containing 48 h-treated flour had significantly increased springiness, hardness, toughness,and adhesiveness during both storage periods. Meanwhile,it displayed the lowest starch-like attribute and crumbliness. These results suggested that the substitution for 48 h GTase-treated rice flour could retard the retrogradation of rice cakes.

Reactivity of Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds as Polymerization Retarders

김양 한국고분자학회 1978 폴리머 Vol.2 No.5

Vero E6 조직배양세포에서의 한탄바이러스 증식

김양 고려대학교 의과대학 1987 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.24 No.1

Korean hemorrhagic fever (KHF) was recognized in Korea for the first time in 1951 during Korean War among United Nations troops although similar diseases to KHF had been reported as Hemorrhagic nephroso-nephritis in Russia, as Epidemic hemorrhagic fever in China, as Nephropathia epidemica in Scandinavia and as Epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Eastern Europe and in Japan. The etiologic agent of Korean hemorrhagic fever was first discovered from lung tissue of Apodemus agrarius by Lee and Lee in 1976 and they had isolated the same agent from KHF patient's sera and had succeeded the propagation of the virus in Apodemus agrarius and the virus was named Hantaan virus after Hantaan river. The etiological relationship had been shown by serologic means among above mentioned similar diseases, and the working group on Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome at a WHO meeting in 1982 recommended the above mentioned diseases with different names should be referred to as "Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)." In 1981, Hantaan virus was successfully propagated in an in vitro system in A549 cells originated from alveolar epithelial cells of human lung cancer, and later in Vero E6 cells originated from African green monkey renal epithelial cells. With the aid of this in vitro growth, the study of virus isolation and morphological and physico-chemical Properties of the virus became easier. This report describes the growth curve of Vero E6 cells and the growth curve of Hantaan virus in Vero E6 cells. The data obtained from tissue culture flasks made in Korea was compared with the data obtained from tissue culture flasks made in U.S.A. The results are summarized as follows. 1. There were no differences in durability and in stability of pH of culture media in tissue culture flasks between U.S. Costar flask and Korean GCMEC flask. The pH of culture media was maintained between 7.1 and 7.6 for 14 days at 5 % CO₂ incubator. 2. Vero E6 cells were propagated well both in Costar and GCMEC tissue culture flasks, and the propagation reached peak level on 3rd day after inoculation. 3. Hantaan virus were propagated well in Vero E6 cells and the maximum yield of virus were on 8th day after inoculation of virus. The maximum infectious unit of virus in tissue culture flask containing media with 5% fetal calf serum was 10^(7-8)/ml, and that in flask containing 5% of 0.4% bovine albumin was 10^(6-7)/ml. There was no difference between the value obtained in Costar and GCMEC flask. 4. 50% of the Vero E6 cells were infected on 3rd day after inoculation of Hantaan virus, and 95% on 5th day.

우병렬과 이진룡의 의병운동과 항일독립운동 재조명

김양 의암학회 2007 의암학연구 Vol.4 No.-

Crystal Structure of Dehydrated Partially Ag$^+$-Exchanged Zeolite A, Ag$_{4.6}Na_{7.4}$-A, Treated with Hydrogen at 350${^{\circ}C}$

김양,Kim Yang,Seff Karl Korean Chemical Society 1985 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.6 No.4

The crystal structure of The crystal structure of $Ag^+$-Exchanged Zeolite A, $Ag_{4.6}Na_{7.4}-A$, dehydrated, treated with $H_2$, and evacuated, all at $350^{\circ}C$, has been determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction methods in the cubic space group Pm3m at $24(1)^{\circ}C;$ a = $12.208(2)\AA.$ The structure was refined to the final error indices R1 = 0.088 and R2 (weighted) = 0.069 using 194 independent reflections for which II_0$ > $3{\sigma}(I_0)$. On threefold axes near the centers of 6-oxygen rings, $7.4 Na^+$ ions and $0.6 Ag^+$ ions are found. Two non-equivalent 8-ring $Ag^+$ ions are found off the 8-ring planes, each containing about $0.6 Ag^+$ ions. Three non-equivalent Ag atom positions are found in the large cavity, each containing about 0.6 Ag atoms. This crystallographic analysis may be interpreted to indicate that $0.6 (Ag_6)^{3+}$ clusters are present in each large cavity. This cluster may be viewed as a nearly linear trisilver molecule $(Ag_3)^0$ (bond lengths, 2.92 and 2.94 $\AA;$ angle, $153^{\circ})$ stabilized by the coordination of each atom to a Ag^+$ ion at 3.30, 3.33, and 3.43 $\AA$, respectively. In addition, one of the silver atoms approaches all of the 0(1) oxygens of a 4-ring at $2.76\AA.$ Altogether $7.4 Na^+$ ions, $1.8 Ag^+$ ions, and 1.8 Ag atoms are located per unit cell. The remaining $1.0 Ag^+$ ion has been reduced and has migrated out of the zeolite framework to form silver crystallites on the surface of the zeolite single crystal.

금강용수 혼화공정 개선연구

김양,안창진,전항배,Kim, Yang,An, Chang-Jin,Jeon, Hang-Bae 한국상하수도협회 1995 水道 Vol.22 No.4

말씀과 신학 : 말씀의 샘 - 주님 가신 고난의 길 / 마가복음 15 : 21 - 32

김양 기독교대한성결교회 활천사 2002 활천 Vol.580 No.-

제올라이트 A 내의 은의 화학 및 결정학적 연구 (Ⅱ)

김양,한영욱,허남호 부산대학교 1988 자연과학논문집 Vol.45 No.-

Metal clusters, (invloving metal-metal bond) can be prepared intrazeolitically and studied crystallographically. Metal clusters are an important current topic in chemistry partly because of their catalytic properties. In this work, structure of partly Ag^(+) exchanged zeolite A, Ag_(x)Na_(12-x) (x=4.6) treated with H_(2) at 350℃ was determined crystallographically. Ag_(6)^(3+) was found in the large cavity. This cluster may be viewed as nearly linear trisilver molecule (Ag_(3))^(0) (Ag-Ag bond length=2.92 and 2.94 Å) stabilized by the coordination of each atom to an Ag^(+) ion at 3.30 to 3.40 Å. Ag_(8.65)Cs_(3.35)-A, Ag_(9)Cs_(3)-A and Ag_(10)Cs_(2)-A were prepared with ion exchange by a flow method using mixed solution of AgNO_(3) and CsNO_(3) whose mole ratios were 1: 5, 1 : 3, and 1 : 1, respectively. These crystal structures were determined and it was found that Cs^(+) ions occupy preferably at the center of 8-ring position. In the crystal structures of Ag_(9)Cs_(3)-A treated with _(2) at 23 and 310℃ and that of Ag_(4.6)Cs_(6.4)H-A treated with H_(2) at 350℃, H_(2) can not enter to react the Ag^(+) ions because Cs^(+) ions block 8-ring so well. However in the structure of Ag_(9)Cs_(3)-A treated with H_(2) at 470℃, H_(2) can diffuse into the zeolite and reduce 3.5 out of 8.5 Ag^(+) ions. Unfortunately the reduced Ag^(0) atoms migrate out of zeolite framework because of their high thermal vibrations. Na^(+) ions prefer to occupy at the sites of 8-oxygen rings and Ag^(+) ions at the sites of 6-oxygen rings in the structure of dehydrated Ag_(7.6)Na_(4.4)-A.

정수처리기술 현황 및 전망

김양,Kim, Yang 한국상하수도협회 1993 水道 Vol.63 No.-

하나님의 교회 기둥

김양 기독교대한성결교회 활천사 2010 활천 Vol.676 No.-