연암문학의 민속학적 연구

김수현 조선대학교 대학원 2012 국내박사

ABSTRACT A Study on Folkloristics Method in Yeonam's Literature Kim, Su-hyun Advisor : Prof. Kim Su-jung, Ph.D. Department of Korean Language and Literature Graduate School of Chosun University Yeonam Park Ji-won is a literary person who mainly dealt with the life of the public although he was a high official. Being aware of the age when the people are in the middle of history, he expressed his interest in folk life through various kinds of writing including novels. Therefore, it is important in approaching to its nature to analyse his literature in the perspective of folklore. However, there have been only a few studies that analysed his literature through folklore because the study of folklore was formed by western society later than the age of Yeonam, and it was perceived that his pragmatic efforts were differentiated from the subjects for research on folk. Therefore, this study accepted the suggestion on practical science of the last Joseon worked for birth of Korean folklore and connected folklore development of western society with that of Japan to overcome the problems in the perspective that pursuit of pragmatism for the public reflected ethnicity. Specifically, the analyses of Yeonam's literature in the perspective of folklore are divided into three parts: manners and customs, folk art and food, clothing and shelter. For manners and customs, Yeonam tried to understand the meaning through acceptance and criticism of folk rather than he just introduced customs. Customs and manners are social habits and a kind of public morals to emphasize the meaning of changes rather than folk. Yeonam recorded our peculiar customs leaning to Chinese culture and successfully poured literary efforts to promote customs of Joseon. His attitude to folklore was active in saying, narratives and folk songs. The most remarkable thing is that he used a number of proverbs in his initial novels and in 󰡔Yeolhailgi󰡕, a travel sketch, he used proverbs in Chinese characters for parodic effect. Being aware of the importance of folk narratives, he used long poetry to narratives to emphasize the nature of folk. In travel sketches, he collected narratives of the country, arranged them properly, and even borrowed stories on foundation of temples. Such attempt has an experimental meaning in that it was written in the period when changes in narratives were active as Pansori was formed. Yeonam recognized the value of performance art and recorded activities of Jeonkisoo of Joseon and Seolseoin of China very impressively. Even, he imposed social values to them by identifying conjuring tricks which were considered as cheating as a performance art. Meanwhile, he configurated landscape of the country in folk painting to imply the consciousness of the public. It was also artistic work based on folk. Most of his Chinese poetry represented sceneries of simple rural houses vividly like a painting and is reminiscent of folk painting which was active at that time. His prose is characterized by the painting technique of oriental painting, which indicates that his literature maintains the nature of painting. The life of food, clothing and shelter is represented everywhere in Yeonam's literature. In respect to clothing life, he presented the conditions of attire system and how to improve it. He compared Korean clothing life to Chinese, emphasizing that clothing life should be practical. Although the clothing of the masses was not described specifically in his writings, it directly showed that it was very poor and the masses were nearly barefoot. He was active in presenting problems and how to overcome them. It was recorded that he tried to distribute dyed cotton instead of silk. He considered hot pepper paste, soy paste, soy sauce and jerky as important and showed interests in favorite food such as cigarette and liquor. However, he never praised them unconditionally and was very sensible. He was actively engaged in developing medicines and recommended them. It is his literary characteristics and humanism shown in food life. His pragmatic spirit was reflected in real life through improved shelter life. He suggested that bricks and roof tiles should be used with confidence in their practical nature, and described Ondol, a Korean heating system, specifically. Yeonam observed Kang, a heating system of China, closely and judged that it is better than Ondol. Instead of advocating Chinese methods unconditionally, he presented specific premises that the method of installing a Korean underfloor heating system should be changed for better heating system, and possibilities to overcome problems of Ondol through use of bricks. His pioneering attitude towards improved shelter life was represented in his literature based on his pragmatic spirit. To examine Yeonam's literature based on the results above, there is a certain limit along with positive meaning in it. The biggest meaning is that folk base is spread in his entire literature and he did not forgive an idle attitude that the past was considered as extant cultural phenomenon. He presented appropriate criticism or directions of changes while faithfully reflecting future-oriented meaning of folk. However, there are the limits in his attitude in that his perspective was one-sided, he dealt with customs while reflecting his high position and mentioned life and culture of the public only with Chinese, not knowing Korean, characters of the masses. As a result of analysing his literature in the perspective of folklore, it was discovered that his literature pursued for practical modernity and was connected with folklore to be created later. Yeonam was a noble with consciousness of learned man, but recognized the value of folk melted in the life of the masses and tried to accept it in his literary world.

불균등 분포 공간 데이터에 적합한 트리 구조 설계 및 구현

김수현 홍익대학교 1999 국내석사

전라남도 난임 여성 한방치료 지원 사업에 참여한 한의사를 대상으로 한 설문 연구

김수현 東新大學校 2019 국내석사

Objectives: The research is aimed at identifying the necessity of the support project of Korean medical treatment in infertility by analyzing the outcome of those subject and providing data for Korean medical treatment in infertility by analyzing the medical treatment of Korean medical doctors involved in the project. Methods: 98 patients who participated in the support project of Korean medical treatment in infertility in Jeollanamdo and 57 Korean medical doctors who participated as therapists were surveyed. Patients were given four months of treatment at local Korean medical clinics and they were contacted by text messages to answer whether they were pregnant or not. After the treatment was completed, we analyzed the characteristics of the patients' group. And we sent questionnaires to doctors to answer the message. The content of the questionnaire consisted of infertility treatments, a degree of satisfaction with results, a wish for support project. These datas were analyzed by frequency, t-test, ANOVA, Multiple comparison with SPSS windows 22.0. Results: Analysis of the answer to the questionnaire obtained datas on Korean medical treatment in infertility. Most of the name of disease in western medicine and Korean medicine diagnosis devices were used by groups with less than five years of clinical careers. Also Chuna's effect was most expected by groups with less than five years of clinical careers. When asked about symptoms that must be treated for pregnancy, most of the answers were menstrual-related symptoms, coldness of hands, feet and lower abdomen, and obesity. The most important part of the effort for pregnancy was not to be stressed. The most desired thing for future support program was the introduction of husband and wife care. Conclusions: This survey by Korean medical doctors gave us reference datas for Korean medical treatment in infertility and the direction in which therapy business business should proceed.

전남지역 농업회사법인 사업유형별 효율성 분석

김수현 순천대학교 대학원 2015 국내석사

The multilateral trade negotiations (GATT, UR negotiations) and such as is promoted Doha Development Agenda (DDA) and the free trade agreement (FTA), the weakening of family farming has been accelerated by the aging of agriculture human resources function and cooperation and the role of agricultural corporation management that is based on the solidarity of family farming at the moment are increasingly expanding. However, as the management agency of agriculture, by the importance of agricultural corporation is raised, the improvement plan derivation is also important. One of the agricultural corporation major problem can be said bad management. The survey results of the agricultural corporation of the 2013 criteria was carried out, out of the corporation ten thousand 4301 companies, and is applicable to the corporation about 67% has been unhealthy after establishment. By recognizing the agricultural corporation registered as a means for the benefit of the support funds, abnormal cases that the expression management to establish a corporation for the purpose of funding the benefit itself is occurring. It is a situation that requires a thorough post-measures for the corporation, which is operated by such illegal-expedient. For this purpose, it is necessary to grasp by classifying each business segment, type of agricultural corporation that has the other management system of agriculture corporation. Because of the stability of the agricultural corporation more than anything else, efficiency on and inefficient agricultural corporation of the business conditions as well as benchmarking the efficient agricultural corporation by analyzing the factors that affect the efficiency in relation to the calculation in the analysis it is important to improve. In such a context, South Jeolla Province by agricultural company corporation 572 companies the DEA model to the subject of this study to type another business, to estimate the efficiency of the technology, efficiency of scale, the efficiency of the value of the pure technology presenting the basic materials to seek management improvement measures of agriculture company corporation, but there is its purpose. Therefore, the present paper is to understand the agricultural corporation using the Research and Statistics of the source material (2013 criteria), agricultural corporation of the efficiency of the agriculture company corporation of all southern region to another type, the basis for organizing agricultural company corporation efficiency of technology, efficiency of scale, the management improvement plan through the estimated difference of efficiency in and inefficient agriculture company corporation the efficiency of pure technology. In addition, the Jeonnam average and type another management efficiency of the business of agriculture company corporation of South Jeolla region tries to quantitative analysis by the method of the DEA, this point, has been the difference between a conventional research. 1. Refer to original article in the agricultural corporation survey of the National Statistical Office (2013 standard), it was all South regional agriculture company corporation 572 pieces of analysis. As an output variable is sales and Input costs is the number of employees, cost of sales, selling, general and administrative expenses, other expenses, was a non-operating expenses. Method of statistical processing, utilizing Deap2.1 by the DEA model. 2. 10 years of 2003 to 2013, agricultural corporation business was a tendency to increase. Agricultural corporation business in 2013 at the 2003 ratio that increased 151.4%. Agriculture company corporation has increased year-on-year 27.1 percent in 3,760 pieces. 3. Analyze the agricultural corporation by type of business, agricultural production (4,123 units), retail industry (3,655 pieces), processor (2,762 pieces), has become the order of the agricultural service industry (1,565 pieces). Compared to the previous year (2012), agricultural production increased by 8.4 percent, processor, distribution industry, agriculture, 26.6% respectively the service sector, 21.3 percent, was increased significantly and 30.7%. Looking at the agricultural production income of agricultural corporation, agricultural production import growth rate of the agriculture company corporation (28.5%) was higher as compared to the farming union corporation (7.8%). 4. When taking a look at the distribution of efficiency values for Jeollanam-do agricultural corporation, the number of effective agricultural corporation with the value of 1 among 572 Jeollanam-do agricultural corporation was 22 in technical efficiency(3.85%), 367 in pure technical efficiency(64.16%), and 25 in size efficiency(4.37%). In the meanwhile, the number of inefficient rice farm households under the value of 1 was 96.15% in the technical efficiency, 35.84% in the pure technical, 95.63% in size efficiency. 5. The economic efficiency analysis of the size of agricultural corporation can be made through one of the DEA models called Lamda value(λ) of technical efficiency model. When looking at the returns to scale of agricultural corporation, agricultural corporation was rated with 77.45% in IRS(Increasing Returns to Scale). For CRS(Constant Returns to Scale), was rated with 5.77%%. For DRS(Decreasing Returns to Scale), was rated with 16.78%. Against this backdrop, agricultural corporation which are in IRS are recommended to put effort in increasing yields to gain technical efficiency and improve size inefficiency when considering that the increase rate of yields is higher than that of increase in input. In the meanwhile, agricultural corporation which are in DRS are recommended to put effort in decreasing input factors to gain technical efficiency and improve size inefficiency when considering that the increase rate of yields is lower than that of increase in input.

음악놀이가 발달지체유아의 사회적 상호작용에 미치는 영향

김수현 대구대학교 2011 국내석사

Characterization of α_(X) I-domain binding to Receptors for Advanced Glycated End Products(RAGE)

김수현 강원대학교 교육대학원 2008 국내석사

RAGE Mac-1(αMβ2)과 결합한다는 것이 보고 되었고, RAGE와 αXβ2의 결합 특성이 조사되어 있지 않다. 이 연구에서는 αXβ2 및 αMβ2와 RAGE와의 결합 특성을 알아보고자, GST-αX I-domain 및 GST-αM I-domain을 이용해 RAGE와의 결합 여부를 확인하였고, 나아가 RAGE와의 결합에 관여하는 αX I-domain 상의 loop 및 잔기를 확인하기 위해서, αX I-domain의 점돌연변이 단백질들을 이용하여 그 결합 양상을 확인하였다. 또한 이가 양이온(cation)에 의한 RAGE와 αX I-domain의 결합 활성 정도를 비교해보았다. 이전의 Mac-1 의 I 도메인 연구에 의하면 리간드가 결합하는 부위는 주로 양으로 하전 되거나 극성 아미노 잔기에 의하여 결합이 이루어지는 것으로 나타났다. CD11 a, b, c에서 아미노산 서열은 큰 차이를 보이지만, I 도메인의 3차 구조는 매우 유사한 것으로 판명되었다. 이를 근거로 그리고 Mac-1 의 I 도메인 연구 결과를 유추하여 각 루프의 극성 잔기나 하전된 잔기를 비극성 아미노산 또는 알라닌(Alanine)으로 치환하였다. 또한 I 도메인을 가지고 있지만 피브리노겐과는 전혀 붙지 않는 α2αL I 도메인 아미노산 서열을 참고하여 제작하였다. α3β4 루프의 H201, Q202와 βDα5 루프의 E244, D249, Y250이 RAGE와 잘 결합하지 않았으나 오히려 α3α4 루프의 S199, βDα5 루프의 K251와 βFα7 루프에서는 ED298/299는 잘 결합했다. 특히 같은 α3α4에 존재하는 점돌연변이인 S199와 H201, Q202의 결합을 비교하면 세린(S)과 글루타민(Q) 모두가 극성 비전하 그룹의 아미노산임에도 불구하고 결합 정도에서 상당한 차이를 보였다. 이것은 H201, Q202가 특별히 RAGE 인지에 관여하고 있음을 추측케 한다. D249와 Y250, E244도 아스파르트산(D)과 티로신(Y), 글루탐산(E) 모두가 음으로 하전된 아미노산임에도 RAGE와의 결합에서 차이를 보여 E244, D244 Y250, K251, D252는 RAGE인지에 관여하고 K242, K243은 인지에 관여하지 않음을 추측케 한다. 게다가 같은 α3α4, βDα5 루프일지라도 아미노산 잔기들이 리간드 결합에 기여하는 바가 다름을 시사한다. αXβ2는 여러 리간드와 결합을 하는데, 어떻게 이런 multi ligand와 결합하는지 그 분자 수준에서의 이유는 밝혀지지 않았다. 지금까지의 학계의 통설은 I 도메인에서 겹쳐지기는 하지만 조금씩 다른 부위가 합쳐져서(overlapping not identical) 여러 리간드를 인식한다는 것이다(Valentin, et al., 2002; Valentin and Yakubenko, 2002). αX I-domain에서 plasminogen과 결합할 때 βDα5 loop가 중요하며, Thy-1의 경우는 α3α4 및 βDα5가 중요하고, RAGE의 경우는 마찬가지로 α3α4, βDα5가 중요하다. βDα5 loop에서도 Y250, D249가 Thy-1 결합에 중요하고, plasminogen 결합에는 K242, K243이 중요하다는 것이 밝혀졌는데, RAGE의 경우는 E244, D249, Y250이 중요하다는 것이 이번 실험으로 밝혀졌다. 이 실험 결과는 기존의 연구 결과와 달리 음으로 하전된 아미노산이 중요하고 그 사이 양으로 하전된 아미노산(K251)이 조절기능을 갖는 것으로 보인다. 이것은 RAGE상의 + 하전된 아미노산이 결합우위임을 예상하게 하여 이것은 추후 실험을 통해 확인될 수 있을 것이다. 리간드와 인테그린 결합 특성 연구는 생물학적으로 인테그린이 어떻게 리간드를 인식해서 세포 내로 신호를 전달하고, 세포의 이동, 분화 및 독특한 반응을 유발하게 하는가 하는 정보를 제공해 줄 뿐 아니라 의학적으로도 중요한 의미를 지니고 있다. 리간드 수용체 결합을 억제하면, 특히 인테그린과 ECM과의 결합을 억제하면, 백혈구가 과도하게 조직 내로 들어와 생기는 병리현상을 막을 수 있기 때문이다.

기성시가지 역세권에서 업조닝이 토지이용패턴 변화에 미치는 영향 : 서울시 20년간(1997-2016) 용적률 변화를 중심으로

김수현 한양대학교 도시대학원 2022 국내박사

New public transit stations are being developed in areas that have been densely developed, and new developments are increasing around the stations (Giuliano, 1995). In the vicinity of the station in built-up area where the density is already high and land use is decided, development is realized when it is worth developing at a higher density than the existing buildings (Schuetz et al., 2018). It is difficult to predict development changes around the station in an built-up area, and changes will occur over a long period of time. Few studies were conducted in considering the characteristics of the station catchment area in built-up area. For the realization of TOD in a built-up area, not only the built environment but also the role of zoning is important. Zoning is a major urban planning tool that changes development density and land use around stations (Knight & Trygg, 1977; Giuliano, 1989; Greenberg, 2004; Ellis, 2005; Schuetz et al., 2018). Empirical studies on the impact on development density and land use changes in the station catchment area within an built-up area are limited to physical characteristics (Sung & Oh, 2011; Sung & Choi, 2014; Cho & Lee, 2018; Wang, et al., 2019). The importance of zoning is limited to descriptive discussion, and empirical research is lacking. Up-zoning either encourages or hinders the realization of development. Up-zoning enhances the value of development so that development can be realized quickly even if there is no public transit (Lee, 1991; Schuetz et al., 2016; Dong, 2021). Up-zoning in a built-up area rather increases the real estate price, lowering the effectiveness of development (Seoul institute, 2016; Lee 2016; Gabbe, 2018; Freemark, 2020). Since previous studies have mainly been discussed from a short-term perspective, it is difficult to sufficiently observe the effect of up-zoning. The effect of up-zoning on development and realization can appear over a long period of time, so a study from a long-term perspective is necessary. Few studies have confirmed the effect of combining TOD and up-zoning. The purpose of this study is to prove the effect of up-zoning on the change in development density in the station chatchment area in the built-up area of Seoul. Accordingly, two research questions were established. First, does up-zoning improve the change in floor area ratio even in the station area in the built-up area? In the station area within the established city where the land use pattern has been determined, development will be realized when there is development value even if it is up-zoned. Second, what kind of difference appears on the change in floor area ratio according to the characteristics of up-zoning? The change of floor area ratio will differ depending on the characteristics of up-zoning such as the year of up-zoning and type of zoning. Therefore, it is necessary to objectively verify this. The scope of this study is to focus on 189 subway stations in Seoul in 1997. In the temporal range, 1997 was set as the base year, and 2016 was set as the result year to examine the change in floor area ratio over 20 years. The unit of analysis of the study is the parcel unit, and a total of 158,884 pracels are included in the 189 station chatchment areas. Among them, 9,100 parcels were up-zoned and 149,784 were not up-zoned. The research procedure is as follows. First, previous studies and theories on the realization of TOD in a built-up area and the relationship between the built environment and zoning were reviewed. Second, the hypothesis of the study was derived and the analysis structure of the study was established accordingly. Third, descriptive analysis was performed to confirm the characteristics of up-zoning, development density, and built environment within the station chatchment area. Fourth, empirical analysis was performed to confirm the effect of up-zoning on the change of floor area ratio by land use within the station chatchment area. The dependent variable was set as the change in floor area ratio in 1997 compared to 2016 for individual parcel within the station chatchment area. Zoning and Parcel characteristics were set as major independent variables, and the built environment of parcel units and station chatchment areas in 1997 was set as control variables. Since the spatial unit of the independent variable has a hierarchical structure, the analysis model is a multi-level regression model. As for the analysis model, the first stage was set to the entire station area and the second stage to the up-zoning lot. Each detailed model was divided into residential and non-residential (commercial, business) in 2016. It was confirmed whether up-zoning improved the change of floor area ratio in the built-up area. According to the descriptive analysis, the amount of floor area ratio change was larger in the up-zoned parcels (143.3%p) than in the non-upzoned parcels (70.1%p) that were not upzoned. In the empirical analysis, it was confirmed that up-zoning was an important factor in increasing the change in floor area ratio (28.39%p) even when other physical environments were controlled. Even when land use was classified, the effect of up-zoning on the change in floor area ratio within the station area was positive. The impact was greater for non-residential use (27.60%p) than for residential use (17.27%p). From a long-term perspective, it was confirmed that up-zoning can be used as a tool to effectively implement station area development. It was verified whether there was any difference in the effect on the change of floor area ratio according to the characteristics of up-zoning. The characteristics of up-zoning were largely divided into years of up-zoning and up-zoning type. The longer the elapsed years of up-zoning, the more positive the change in floor area ratio. It is estimated that there is a high probability that the development will be realized over a long period of time of 15 years or more in the station area within the built-up area. Contrary to the empirical studies (Seoul Research Institute, 2016; Lee, 2016; Freemark, 2020) that up-zoning can impede development, the opposite result was found. It was confirmed that the realization of development by up-zoning in the built-up area took a long time. There was a difference in the effect on the change of floor area ratio according to the up-zoning type and land use characteristics. The change in floor area ratio according to up-zoning type was R-C (83.6%p), R-SR (47.0%p), and SR-C (40.3%p) in the order. When the legal floor area ratio was up-zoned from the general residential area to the commercial area, which had the highest change of 900%p, the floor area ratio changed the most. In the empirical analysis, as for residential use in 2016, R-C and SR-C types up-zoned to commercial areas increased the change in floor area ratio than R-SR. It is presumed to be the result of residential-commercial complex development in a commercial area. In 2016, it was confirmed that the change in floor area ratio increased when non-residential use was up-zoned to a semi-residential area rather than up-zoned to a commercial area. It is presumed that this is because small-scale commercial facilities are developed in high density. This study has academic significance in that it demonstrated the relationship between the realization of TOD and zoning, which was discussed only descriptively. Considering the characteristics of up-zoning, there was no study that confirmed the effect on the change of floor area ratio, so it is meaningful to confirm this. Within the station area, up-zoning has different effects on development realization depending on the characteristics of the parcel and land use, so urban design and planning are necessary in consideration of this. Development due to up-zoning will require urban planning and policies through long-term observation. It will be possible to use it as a basic data to establish an up-zoning policy considering the characteristics of up-zoning. 기성시가지 내 역 주변의 개발실현에서는 물리적 현황과 더불어 조닝의 역할이 중요하다. 조닝은 역 주변에서 개발밀도, 토지이용변화를 유도할 수 있는 주요한 도시계획 도구로써 활용되고 있다(Knight & Trygg, 1977; Giuliano, 1989; Greenberg, 2004; Ellis, 2005; Schuetz et al., 2018). 이미 밀도가 높고, 토지이용이 결정되어 있는 대중교통역 주변에서는 기존 건물보다 고밀로 개발할만한 가치가 있을 때 개발이 실현된다(Schuetz et al., 2018). 기성시가지에서는 역 주변의 개발변화를 예측하기 어려우며, 오랜 시간에 걸쳐 변화가 나타날 수도 있다. 역세권 내 개발실현에서 조닝의 역할이 중요하다는 논의는 서술적인 논의에만 그쳤으며, 실증연구는 부족한 실정이다. 업조닝은 개발의 실현을 장려하기도 하고, 방해하기도 한다는 논의가 있다. 업조닝은 개발가치를 향상시켜 대중교통 인프라가 없더라도 개발을 빠르게 실현시키기도 한다(이종화, 1991; Schuetz et al., 2016; Dong, 2021). 기성시가지 내에서 업조닝은 부동산 가격을 상승시켜 오히려 신축개발을 저해하기도 한다(서울연구원, 2016; 이제원, 2016). 선행연구들은 주로 단기적인 관점에서 논의되어왔으므로 업조닝의 영향을 충분히 관찰하기에는 어려움이 있다. 업조닝이 개발실현에 미치는 영향은 오랜시간에 걸쳐 나타날 수 있으므로 장기적 관점에서의 연구가 필요하다. 특히 역세권 개발과 업조닝을 결합하여 그 영향을 확인한 연구는 거의 없었다. 본 연구는 서울시 기성시가지 내 역세권에서 업조닝이 개발밀도 변화에 미치는 영향을 실증하는 것이 목적이다. 이에 따라 2가지 연구질문을 설정하였다. 첫째, 기성시가지 내 역세권에서도 업조닝은 용적률 변화를 향상시키는가? 이미 토이지용패턴이 결정된 기성시가지 내 역세권에서는 업조닝을 하더라도 개발가치가 있어야 개발이 실현될 것이므로 이에 대한 실증이 필요하다. 둘째, 업조닝의 특성에 따라 용적률 변화에 미치는 영향은 어떠한 차이가 나타나는가? 업조닝된 필지 중에서 업조닝 경과년도, 용도지역과 같은 업조닝의 특성에 따라 용적률 변화에 차이가 있을 것이므로 객관적인 검증이 필요하다. 본 연구는 서술적으로만 논의되었던, TOD의 실현과 조닝의 관계를 실증하였다는데 학술적 의의를 가진다. 특히, 업조닝의 경과년수, 용도지역 등 업조닝의 특성을 고려하여 용적률변화에 미치는 영향을 확인한 연구는 없었으므로, 이를 확인하였다는데 의미가 있다.

고해상도 눈결정 카메라를 이용한 녹은 및 결착 정도에 따른 낙하속도 분석

김수현 강릉원주대학교 일반대학원 2020 국내석사

강설의 기본단위인 눈결정은 모양과 성상에 따라 레이더 반사도에 영향을 주고, 수치모델에서 강설 위치와 강설 강도에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 본 연구는 2017년 – 2019년 강릉원주대학교에서 수행한 강원영동지역 겨울철 집중 관측 캠페인 자료 중 일부인 라디오존데 자료를 활용하여 열역학 조건을 분석하고, 눈결정 관측 카메라(MASC)를 활용하여 눈결정의 낙하속도(V), 최대지름(), 유효반지름(), 복잡도(χ), 녹은 정도(melting ratio), 결착 정도(riming index)등을 분석하였다. 전체 6개 사례중 주요 분석 사례는 라디오존데 관측과 MASC 관측 시기가 일치하는 2017년 1월 20일, 2018년 1월 22일, 2019년 1워 31일 사례이다. 첫 번째 2017년 1월 20일 사례는 뇌설 사례로 시간당 10 cm의 폭설이 관측되었다. 운정은 11:00 ~ 13:00 KST에 약 9 km까지 발달하였고 13:00 KST 이후는 3 km로 감소하였다. 주요 눈결정은 11:00 KST에는 결착형 눈결정, 15:00 ~ 18:00 KST에는 부착형 눈결정이 관측되었다. 두 번째 2018년 1월 22일 사례는 강설 기간에 구름이 약 3 km까지 발달하였고 강설 전에는 1 km이내에 북풍, 1 km 위에서는 서풍이 관측되었다. 하층의 북풍으로 인해 한기가 유입되고 강설이 시작된 것으로 판단된다. 또한 850 hPa온도는 강설기간 동안 –6 ℃에서 –8 ℃까지 감소하였다. 주요 눈결정은 강설 기간 동안 부착형 눈결정이 관측되었고, 온도가 감소함에 따라 눈결정의 녹은 정도가 감소하였다. 마지막 2019년 1월 31일 사례는 구름은 2.5 km까지 발달하였고 강설 전에 2 km이내에 북풍, 2 km 위에서는 서풍이 관측되었다. 두 번째 사례와 유사하게 한기가 유입되어 강설이 시작된 것으로 생각된다. 강설이 종료된 후에 전체 고도에서 서풍이 관측되었다. 또한 강설기간 동앙ㄴ 850 hPa의 온도는 약 –8 ~ -9 ℃였다. 눈결정은 15:00 ~ 19:00 KST까지 결착형 눈결정, 부착형 눈결정, 작은 입자가 관측되었고, 19:00 KST이후 결착형 눈결정과 작은 입자의 빈도가 감소하고 부착형 눈결정의 빈도가 증가하였다. 눈결정의 낙하속도에 영향을 주는 인자를 확인하기 위해 결착 정도에 따른 눈결정의 낙하속도와 녹은 눈과 건조한 눈으로 분류하여 낙하속도를 비교하였다. 결착 정도가 작은(≤0.5) 눈결정의 낙하속도 최빈값은 0.8 이고, 결착 정도가 큰(0.85≤) 눈결정의 낙하속도 최빈값은 1.0 로 결착 정도가 증가할수록 눈결정의 낙하속도가 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 눈결정에 결착이 발생할수록 눈결정의 밀도가 높아져 무게를 증가시켜 낙하속도가 증가하는 것으로 생각된다. 건조한 눈결정은 크기를 최빈값 ± 로 제한하고, 녹은 정도가 0.1 미만, 녹은 눈결정은 녹은 정도가 0.1 초과인 눈결정으로 분류 하였다. 건조한 눈결정의 경우 낙하속도 최빈값은 1.0 , 녹은 눈결정은 1.2 로 녹은 눈결정이 건조한 눈결정보다 낙하속도가 더 큰 것을 확인하였다. 이는 눈결정이 녹으면서 밀도가 증가하고 이로 인해 무게가 증가하여 낙하 속도가 증가하는 것으로 생각이 된다. 결착 정도와 녹은 상태를 통한 눈결정의 낙하속도 분석을 통해 결착이 많이 발생하고, 녹은 눈이 낙하 속도가 더 빠른 것을 확인하였고, 결착 정도보다 녹은 정도가 눈결정의 낙하속도를 더 증가시키는 것을 확인하였다.

Program Annotation : L. v. Beethoven 『Piano sonata op. 2 no. 3 in C major』, S. Rachmaninoff 『Variations on a theme of corelli, op. 42』, C. Debussy 『Estampes, L. 100』

김수현 이화여자대학교 대학원 2019 국내석사

본 논문은 본인의 석사과정 졸업연주 프로그램인 베토벤(Ludwig van Beethoven, 1770-1827)의 『Piano Sonata Op. 2 No. 3 in C Major』, 라흐마니노프(Sergei Rachmaninoff, 1873-1943)의 『Variations on a Theme of Corelli, Op. 42』, 드뷔시(Claude Debussy, 1862-1918)의 『Estampes, L. 100』에 대한 연구이다. 베토벤은 고전과 낭만시기를 연결하는 대표적인 작곡가로서 그의 피아노 소나타는 고전주의 양식과 낭만주의를 예견하는 요소들이 잘 나타나고 있다. 그는 32개의 소나타를 작곡하였으며 초기, 중기, 후기 등 세 시기로 구분된다. 그 중 『Piano Sonata Op. 2 No. 3 in C Major』는 초기 소나타에 속하는 작품으로 총 4악장으로 구성되어 있다. 제1악장은 전통적인 소나타 형식을 따르는 악장으로 오케스트라 합주와 같은 제1주제와 서정적인 제2주제가 대조적인 곡이다. 제2악장은 론도 형식의 Adagio로 첫 1악장보다 장3도 위인 E Major로 작곡되었다. 제3악장은 복합3부분 형식으로 전통적인 악장 형식의 미뉴에트 대신 스케르초(Scherzo)를 사용하였다. 제4악장은 론도 소나타 형식으로 6/8박자의 경쾌한 리듬이 특징이고 빠른 스케일 패시지들로 기교적인 곡이다. 라흐마니노프는 러시아 출신으로 19세기 말에서 20세기 초반에 활동하였고 낭만주의 후기양식의 대표적 작곡가이다. 그는 피아니스트 및 작곡가로 활동하며 피아니스트로서의 역량이 담긴 피아노곡들을 작곡하였다. 그의 작품은 화려한 테크닉을 바탕으로 한 선율적이고 서정적인 특징을 지니고 있다. 『Variations on a Theme of Corelli, Op. 42』는 1931년 작곡된 그의 마지막 피아노 독주곡으로 말년의 성숙된 작곡양식이 잘 나타난 곡이다. 코렐리(Arcangello Corelli, 1653-1713)의 『Violin Sonata No. 12 in d minor, Op. 5』에 나오는 “La Folia”선율을 주제로 총 20개의 변주와 인터메조(Intermezzo), 코다(Coda)로 이루어진 서정적이고 화려한 변주곡이다. 드뷔시는 라벨(Maurice Ravel, 1875-1937)과 함께 프랑스 인상주의를 대표하는 작곡가로 19세기 말부터 20세기 초에 활동하며 그만의 독특한 음악 어법을 보여 주었다. 그의 음악은 상징주의 문학과 인상주의 회화에 영향을 받았고, 중세선법, 온음음계, 5음 음계, 모호한 조성, 섬세한 리듬과 강세의 변화 등을 통해 색채감이 담긴 음악을 작곡하였다. 『Estampes, L. 100』(판화)은 1889년 파리국제박람회에서 자바의 가믈란 관현악단을 보고 감명을 받아 1903년에 작곡된 곡으로 드뷔시의 작곡기법과 인상주의적 색채가 잘 드러나는 작품이다. 제1곡 「Pagodes(탑)」, 제2곡 「La soirée dans Grenade(그라나다의 황혼)」, 제3곡 「Jardins sous la pluie(비오는 정원)」의 묘사적인 제목을 지닌 총 3곡으로 구성되어 있다. This program annotation is a study of 『Piano Sonata Op. 2 No. 3 in C Major』 composed by Ludwig van Beethoven(1770~1827), 『Variations on a Theme of Corelli, Op. 42』 composed by Sergei Rachmaninoff(1873~1943), and 『Estampes, L. 100』 composed by Claude Debussy(1862~1928) performed in my graduation recital for a master’s degree. Beethoven is a representative composer of Classical period, and the feature of his piano sonatas anticipate Romanticism. He composed 32 piano sonatas devided into three periods : early, middle and late. Among all his piano sonatas, 『Piano Sonata Op. 2 No. 3 in C Major』 corresponds to early sonata consists of four movements. The first movement follows traditional sonata form with two contrasting themes. The second movement, Adagio, which is in E Major has the unusal mediant key relationship to the first movement in C Major. The second movement is in rondo form. The third movement scherzo, is in compound three part form. The fourth movement in rondo sonata form, features fast and technical passages of 6/8 time. Rachmaninoff is a Russian composer and pianist who was active from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. His piano pieces have singing and lyrical melodies with elaborately crafted piano techniques. Rachmaninoff’s 『Variations on a Theme of Corelli, Op. 42』 is his last piano solo work written in 1931, which shows his mature compositional style in later years. It is a lyrical and sonorous music consisting of 20 variations, an intermezzo and a coda on the theme of “La folia”, which was used in Corelli's 『Violin Sonata No. 12 in d minor, Op. 5』. Debussy is a French composer representing Impressionist music with Maurice Ravel (1875~1937). He has been active in composing since the late 19th century and showed his unique musical style. His music was effected by Symbolism literature and Impressionist painting, and he composed the colorful and exotic music through the church mode, whole-tone scale, Pentatonic scale, and elaborated rhythms. Debussy’s『Estampes, L. 100』 is composed in 1903, inspired by Gamelan orchestra of Java at the Paris International Exhibition of 1889. This work shows Debussy’s composinal techniques and Impressionistic colors. 『Estampes, L. 100』 consist of three pieces with descriptive titles of 「Pagodes」, 「La soirée dans Grenade」 and 「Jardins sous la pluie」.

외국인 유학생 유치·관리 정책 분석을 통한 한국어교육기관의 운영 개선 방안

김수현 안양대학교 교육대학원 2016 국내석사

본 연구는 외국인 유학생 유치ㆍ관리 정책 분석을 통한 한국어교육기 관의 운영 개선 방안에 대한 연구이다. 연구의 목적은 교육부와 법무부 의 외국인 유학생 유치ㆍ관리 정책을 분석을 토대로 유학생 정책의 현황 및 문제점을 탐색하여 한국어교육기관을 중심으로 한 운영 개선 방안을 제안하는 데 있다. 1장에서는 본 연구의 목적을 밝히고 외국인 유학생 정책의 문제점?개선방안에 대하여 논 의한 연구 및 정책보고서를 살펴보았다. 공통적으로 한국유학 홍보 부족, 국내 수학 여건의 취약을 외국인 유학생 정책의 문 제점으로 지적하였다. 그러나 구체적인 개선 방안이 아닌 정부차원 혹은 대학들의 지속적인 노력을 제고하는데 그친 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 2장에서는 교육부와 법무부의 외국인 유학생 유치ㆍ관리 정책을 정리ㆍ분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 한국유학 홍보 및 정보 부족, 둘째, 외국인 유학생의 사후 관리 부족, 셋째, 국내생활의 여건 취약으로 나타났다. 3장에서는 교육부?법무부의 외국인 유학생 정책 분석을 토대로 외국 인 유학생 및 한국어교육기관의 현황을 살펴보았다. 먼저 서울 소재 4년 제 인증 대학?대학원 및 한국어교육기관에 재학 중인 55명의 외국인 유 학생을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였는데 설문조사 결과 대부분의 유학 생들이 한국유학에 대한 정보 부족을 겪은바 있으며 한국문화 적응, 학 교생활 등의 어려움 또한 겪은 적이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이어 한국어 교육기관의 현황을 살펴보기 위하여 지역별 2곳의 한국어교육기관을 임 의 선정하여 사이트 중심으로 살펴보았다. 한국어교육기관의 현황을 분 석한 결과 외국인 유학생에게 시간제 취업(아르바이트) 제도, 유학생 보 험 등 한국생활에 필요한 정보를 제공하는 것이 부족한 것으로 나타났으며 이외에 외국인 유학생을 위한 상담, 장학금 지원 등도 잘 이루어지지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 본 연구는 4장에서 외국인 유학생 정책의 문제점을 바탕으로 한 국어교육기관의 운영 개선 방향을 제안하였다. 첫째, SNS를 활용한 한 국유학 정보 제공이 필요하다. 둘째, 한국생활 적응 및 한국어 학습을 위 한 1:1 멘토ㆍ멘티 프로그램이 필요하다. 셋째, 외국인 유학생을 위한 상 담 프로그램이 필요하다. 넷째, 한국유학 생활에 필요한 정보(시간제 취업, 보험)를 제공 하는 것이 필요하다고 하였다. 이상과 같이 본 연구는 외국인 유학생 정책의 문제점을 바탕으로 실질 적으로 한국어교육기관이 수행할 수 있는 운영 개선 방안을 제안하고자 노력하였다. 따라서 본 연구가 국내의 많은 한국어교육기관 운영에 도움이 될 것을 기대 한다. This is the research dealing with the operation improvement plan of Korean Language Institute through the analysis of the attraction&management policy for international students in Korea. The purpose of the study is to suggest the operation improvement plan of Korean Language Institute exploring present condition and problems of international students’ policy based on the analysis of the attraction&management policy for international students by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Justice. In chapter 1, it illuminates the purpose of the study and explores researches and policy reports discussing problems and improvement plan of the policy for international students. They say in common that problems of the policy for international students are the lack of promotion and the weakness of studying conditions in Korea. However, they don't suggest specific improvement plans, but they only raise consistent efforts by government and universities. In chapter 2, it analyzes and organizes the attraction&management policy for international students dividing the international student-related-government into the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Justice in respect. It shows that problems of the policy are the lack of promotion and information regarding studying in Korea, the poor follow-up service for international students, and vulnerable conditions living in Korea. In chapter 3, based on above problems, it conducts a survey and explores the present condition of the policy and Korean Language Institute. Those who questioned are 55 international students who are in a four-year-course university or graduate school in Seoul. The result shows most of them have difficulty because of the lack of information studying in Korea and they also have difficulty in adjusting Korean culture and school life while studying in Korea. After analyzing the current condition of Korean Language Institute based on the survey, many of them do not inform necessary information required for living and studying in Korea such as insurance, part-time job and etc. In chapter 4, based on problems of the current policy for international students, it suggests the following four things as operation improvement plans by Korean Language Institute; first, providing information regarding studying in Korea through SNS, second, one-to-one mentor&mentee program for adjusting Korean life, third, mandatory counselling, and fourth, providing information required for living in Korea(part-time job, medical insurance). Based on problems of the current policy for international students in Korea, it makes an effort to suggest practical operation improvement plan by Korean Language Institute. Therefore, this research expects to hopefully help many Korean Language Institutes operate smoothy for international students.