농촌경관의 계획·관리를 위한 문화 생태계서비스 가치평가

김세영 전북대학교 일반대학원 2017 국내박사

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of the rural landscape cultural ecosystem service and to plan and manage rural landscape to promote cultural ecosystem services for the Gochang-gun Biosphere Reservation. Gochang-gun has been designated as a UNESCO Biosphere Reservation in 2013 and has been striving to become a global natural eco-culture city. Based on this background, cultural ecosystem services that are founded on cultural tourism are becoming more important, however research on cultural ecosystem services have not yet been made. The rural landscape sites that represent Gochang-gun are Gongyeonmyeon Cheongbori, Asanmyeon Ungok wetlands, and Gochangeupseong. The difference in the recognition of rural landscape and the importance and economic value of rural landscape cultural ecosystem services were estimated. As a result of measuring the perception difference between the visitors and the local residents regarding the rural landscape, the value of the local residents was higher than the visitor. In particular, visitors and local residents are highly aware of the necessity of government policy, the necessity of conservation and management. However, they have a low perception about the feasibility of the burden of national cost for rural landscape management. Evaluating the importance of the cultural ecosystem service by type of rural landscape, cultural service was cited as the most important among ecosystem services in Cheongbori, Ungok wetlands, and Gochangeupseong. Cultural tourism value was the most important factor affecting cultural service importance. Estimating the economic value of the rural landscape cultural ecosystem service by CVM, the monthly payment per household was 2,818 Won for visitors and 2,517 Won for local residents. Also, the amount of monthly payment per household by the selective CE was 6,879 Won for visitors and 5,039 Won for local residents. The total economic value of rural landscape cultural ecosystem services according to the CVM was estimated to be 626.5 billion Won per year, and the total value according to the selective experiment method was estimated to be about 1,327 billion won per year. As the level of cultural ecosystem service attributes increased, visitors and local residents showed a preference difference. In the case of cultural tourism value, visitors showed a high preference with the increasing level. While local residents showed a high preference with threspect to one level increase, while the two level increase showed a relatively low preference. The value of the respondents' rural landscape and the demographic -social factors affecting the value of cultural ecosystem services were identified. As a result, it was found that the necessity for rural landscape preservation and management, the necessity for government policy, and the appropriateness of cost burden were positive the higher the education level. Based on the results of this study, we propose as rural landscape planning and management plan thorough network planning, ecological landscape, payment for ecosystem service, resident participation promotion and increased governance.

情報시스템 아웃소싱의 管理側面에서의 成功要因에 관한 硏究

김세영 檀國大學校 2000 국내박사

명상적 개념을 적용한 단학수련법의 단계 구성

김세영 국제뇌교육종합대학원대학교 2008 국내석사

이 연구는 명상과 단학수련을 통해서 의식의 변화를 통해서 생활 태도의 변화를 도모하기 위하여 연구하였다. 우리 사회는 산업의 발달과 과학의 발달을 통해서 외적인 면은 편리해졌지만,내적인 면에서는 황폐화를 가져왔다. 이는 너와 나를 분리해서 보는 이원론이성행하면서 나만 잘되면 된다는 이기주의, 인간성 상실 등을 통해 알 수 있다.이것의 해결방안으로 단학에서는 명상수련을 통해 잃어버린 내면을 찾고 더 나아가 실천적 명상으로써 상실된 인간성을 회복하고자 하였다. 우리는 명상을 통해서 우리의 내면성을 찾을 수 있다. 그것은 우리 인류가 이제까지 찾는 ‘나는 누구인가’라는 질문에서부터 시작할 수 있다. 이 물음은 삶에 대한 기본적인 태도와 가치판단의 척도를 형성하고, 나아가 삶의 목적과 방향을 제시해준다. 그 과정에서는 ‘나와 네가 둘이 아니라 하나다’라는 것을 깨닫게 된다. 모든 것이 하나임을 알 수 있는 사람은 대립과 경쟁보다는 화해와용서로써 서로 돕고 이해하게 된다. 우리가 살고 있는 사회가 평화롭고 행복해지기 위해서는 서로간의 대립이나 경쟁이 아닌 화해와 용서, 화합이 중요시되는깨달음으로의 의식 전환이 필요하다.

유럽연합(EU)의 공동외교안보정책에 관한 연구

김세영 淑明女子大學校 1998 국내석사

A Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union was officially launched as one of three pillars of the European Union on November 1, 1993. It was the moment when the institutional basis for the unification which has been the Europeans dream for hundreds of years was set up in the field of politics. European unifying movement was mainly focused on the field of economy since it had been considered feasible after the Second World War. Such unifying movement was expanded to the political field on account of the historicity and the durability of the European unifying movement. However, the most crucial motive for the expansion to the political field was the necessity of the political unification caused by the change of world order in the 1990s. In other words, there was a need to intensify the European community itself as the importance of the United States in Europe was getting weakened after the collapse of the Cold War, and at the same time the reunification of Germany increased the necessity of the political unification. As a result of these, CFSP was launched in the form of "the unitary Europe" based on the regional cooperation at the Maastricht Treaty 1993. But the hope of the Europe reached the peak by the conclusion of the Maastricht Treaty, to some extent, changed to frustration and skepticism by the difficulty in the European monetary unification, the discrepancy of the member states shown in the process of ratification of the Maastricht Treaty, and the impotent reaction of the EU to the former Yugoslav crisis. Especially some problems of CFSP such as the inefficiency and procedure to perform the policy brought CFSP itself into criticism. It is pointed out that CFSP which was provised in the Maastricht Treaty Chapter 5 does not have a legal and institutional binding force, and its decision making process on the basis of unanimity is not efficient. Although the EU is aware of these problems, the reason why the EU is not able to solve them easily lies in the different viewpoints of the member states based on the national interest and the hesitation on the matter of handing over the sovereignty to the supernational institution. This "national egoism" is considered very natural. Hence, it is fundamental problems fairly difficult to solve. Therefore, this thesis focuses on examining the newly-launched CFSP of the EU after the Maastricht Treaty and examining the actual limit of the CFSP. It is the purpose of this thesis to evaluate the limit of CFSP and look out the future prospect of CFSP. In other words, whether or not CFSP will be developed to the institution which can realize the European long standing dream of unification can be answered by examining CFSP itself and the problems of CFSP.

노인요양시설에 대한 한국노인의 인식

김세영 조선대학교 2014 국내박사

This study attempted to understand the perceptions of nursing homes from the perspective of the elderly, explores the themes of these perceptions, and provides supporting evidence for developing nursing interventions that focus on the subjects of care within the nursing homes. Furthermore, the goal of the study was to provide directions for necessary changes to nursing homes so they can provide more appropriate care and support for residents, as well as enhancing the level of understanding among younger generations about the elderlies’ perceptions of nursing homes. This study was based on qualitative research using phenomenological methodology. The research participants were elderly people between the ages of 67 and 83 living at home in Jeonnam Province, Jeonbuk Province, and G City. The data collection methodologies were in-depth interviews and participant observations. The interviews, conducted 2 to 4 times, lasted from 30 minutes to 2 hours. The data collection and analyses were carried out simultaneously; the Colaizzi (1978) methodology was adopted for the data analysis. All significant statements about the Korean elderly's perceptions of nursing homes were classified into 3 categories, 9 major themes, and 23 minor themes. The three observed categories for the Korean elderly's perceptions of nursing homes were: ‘a place they do not like to be in’, ‘a place they have to be in’, and ‘a place that makes them feel fortunate that they have a place to go’. The phenomenological writing on the basic structure is as follows. Nursing homes are places of abandonment. They are places where the people can no longer be with their children and hence a stranger’s place where elderly people are abandoned. Once admitted to a nursing home, one’s health will deteriorate because of the loss of freedom, the restrictions on going out, and the policies that maintain order for the residents. A nursing home is simply a place to be whilst one’s life lasts; and, as it is the final place of residence before death, it is a place where people do not like to be. The nursing home, however, is also a place where elderly people have to be. It prevents one from becoming burden to one's children, and it avoids any hardship that children may experience while supporting their elderly parents. Nursing homes, therefore, the are places where they have to go to. The children are likely to feel pressured; and, since the decision to move the parent to the nursing home is emotionally difficult, it must be made by the elderly themselves. Managing the relationship with the daughter-in-law (son’s wife) in the family home is typically and especially difficult. A nursing home is: a place to go when you are ill without anyone to take care of you, a place to go when your children want you to, or a place to go as you are unlikely to be able to resist pressure from your children. The society of today is very different from traditional Korean society in that family culture has shifted. Perceiving that the elderly are generally not welcome within society, the elderly have had to adapt themselves to this change in society. Nursing homes, however, are places that can help elderly people to feel fortunate that they have a place to which to go. Nursing homes can give them a sense of relief that they have a place to go when they age and can no longer provide anything helpful to their children. A nursing home provides accommodation and food without the help of one's children when one becomes ill and can no longer take care of him/herself. It is also a place where, on the day of one's death, one can be accompanied by many; hence, there is no fear of abandonment at the time of death. One's life can be shared with others in similar circumstances; this can make one feel less lonely. Nursing homes are not places where Korean elderly like to be, but they are necessary and can be a place where one can feel fortunate. This study examined the mindset of Korean elderly and the complex perceptions that they have toward nursing homes due to their cultural understanding of our current society. Learning about such perceptions within the elderly about nursing homes will help the younger generation better understand and accommodate the perceptions of the elderly. Such efforts to understand will help the elderly overcome their feelings of anxiety whilst encouraging them to search for their enduring value without losing self-confidence. Care-givers within the nursing homes, for example, could be agents able to extend knowledge about elderlies and able to develop new approaches that could help residents feel more 'at home'. Furthermore, nurses can extend their understanding of perceptions that are unique to the Korean elderly and use such knowledge to provide care that is tailored to individual residents depending upon their cultural characteristics. This study, therefore, provides foundational tools that will provide directions for changes in the nursing environment, physiological support, programs, and education so that the needs of the elderly can be more efficacious. Assuming those changes will be implemented, the starting point for the next step in elderly care would be an attempt to transform the perceptions of the elderly who have yet not been admitted to nursing homes.

政府出捐 人文社會科學硏究機關의 評價指標開發에 關한 硏究

김세영 서울大學校 行政大學院 1996 국내석사

한국기원 바둑 연구생들의 스트레스 요인과 대처방식에 관한 연구

김세영 명지대학교 일반대학원 2009 국내석사

This study aims to find out sources of stress and coping styles of the Baduk trainees who undergo intensive training in Baduk in order to be a professional player at Hankuk Kiwon (KBA The Korea Baduk Association) in Korea. Furthermore, the result of this research can be used as useful data to offer the most appropriate way of handling stress that they face, and to develop suitable measuring instrument of stress and coping strategies for Baduk players. The questionnaire for this study was based on 'Sports Stress Source Questionnaire (SSSQ)', written by Kim Byoung-Joon (1999) and 'Ways of Coping Checklist', developed by Folkman & Lazarus (1985). It had been modified and made up for the questionnaire to meet the purpose of this study on Baduk trainees. The results of this study are as follows: First, the trainees' stress types can be classified into eight major stress factors future perspective, effort, skill, aptitude, method of study, cost of participation, social recognition, and condition. Second, among the eight stress factors in the trainees, 'effort' shows high level and 'method of study' was similar to 'effort'. Both were followed by 'cost of participation', 'future perspective', and 'skill'. The factor of 'aptitude' was the lowest. Third, the degree of stress factors differed significantly according to gender. ; 'Future perspective' was higher for the male than the female trainees, whereas 'skill' was higher for the female. The liability to stress becomes stronger as they grow older, especially in 'skill' and 'cost of participation'. Fourth, the high ranked males (1group~4group) had relatively low stress regarding to 'skill' and 'method of study'. However, the middle ranked males (5group~7group) had large stress regarding to 'future perspective' and 'method of study'. The lower ranked females (3group~4group) had large stress regarding to 'skill', 'aptitude' and 'method of study'. The stress level was high for trainee who studied Baduk 8~10 years, and attended Baduk Trainee School 2~4 years. In addition, the research showed that the trainee's stress level was high when the father's Baduk skill was '1kyu~18kyu'. Fifth, trainees have showed 'passive coping behaviors', such as emotion-alleviative coping and wishful thinking, rather than 'active coping behaviors' such as problem-focused coping and social support-seeking behaviors. 'Wishful thinking' was the most frequently used among them. Sixth, the female seem to have more social support-seeking behaviors than the male. In case of the trainee under age 14, the coping behaviors were lower, and especially low in problem-focused coping and social support-seeking behaviors compared with other age groups. Lastly, the trainees tend to lean toward 'problem-focused coping' as the training period increases. They showed a significant difference in 'problem-focused coping' and 'social support-seeking behaviors' according to the length of their education. Therefore, we can say that the trainees the tendency to use the 'active coping behaviors' as the training length increase. 본 연구의 목적은 프로 입단을 목표로 전문적으로 바둑수업을 받는 바둑연구생들의 스트레스 요인과 그들이 선택하고 있는 대처방식의 유형을 밝혀내는 데 있다. 이 연구의 결과를 활용하여 바둑 연구생들이 갖는 스트레스에 대한 바람직한 대처방식을 제시하고, 바둑을 두는 사람들을 위한 스트레스 척도 및 대처전략 척도 개발을 위한 유용한 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 김병준(1999)의 ‘스포츠 스트레스 요인 질문지(SSSQ)’와 Folkman과 Lazarus(1985)의 대처방식 척도를 사용하였다. 이것을 보완·수정하여 바둑 상황에 맞도록 재구성한 후에 바둑연구생을 대상으로 자료를 분석하였다. 연구를 통해 도출한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 바둑 연구생들은 주로 진로, 노력, 기량, 적성과 소질, 공부방법, 경제적 여건, 사회적 인정, 컨디션의 8개 요인에서 스트레스를 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 바둑 연구생에게 나타난 8개의 스트레스 요인 중 ‘노력’에 대한 스트레스가 가장 높게 나타났으며, 공부방법도 그와 비슷한 평균을 보였다. 경제적 스트레스와 진로, 기량 요인이 그 뒤를 이었고, 적성 스트레스가 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 남자 연구생은 ‘진로’에서 높은 스트레스를 보였고, 여자 연구생의 경우 ‘기량’에서 높은 수치를 나타내며 성별에 따른 격차를 보였다. 연구생의 나이는 스트레스와 비례하였는데, 특히 ‘기량’과 ‘경제적 스트레스’에서 연령의 증가에 따라 유의미하게 스트레스가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 남자 연구생 ‘상위권(1조∼4조)’조는 ‘기량’과 ‘공부방법’에서 비교적 낮은 스트레스를 보였다. 그러나 남자 ‘중위권(5조∼7조)’조는 ‘진로’와 ‘공부방법’에 대한 스트레스가 높았다. 여자 2군(3조∼4조)은 ‘기량’과 ‘적성’, ‘공부방법’에서 높은 스트레스를 나타냈다. 바둑을 배운 기간에서는 ‘8년∼10년 미만’, 연구생 기간에서는 ‘2년∼4년 미만’일 때 스트레스가 높았고, 아버지의 기력이 ‘1급∼18급’인 경우 상대적으로 높은 스트레스를 보였다. 다섯째, 바둑 연구생들은 ‘문제 집중적’과 ‘사회지지의 추구’와 같은 ‘적극적인 대처’보다는 ‘감정 완화적 대처’나 ‘소망적인 사고’와 같은 ‘소극적인 대처방식’에서 높은 점수를 보였으며, 소극적인 대처방식 중 ‘소망적인 사고’를 하는 것이 가장 높았다. 여섯째, 여자 연구생이 남자 연구생보다 ‘사회적지지 추구’ 대처를 많이 하는 것으로 나타났다. 연령이 14세 이하인 경우 대처방식 수준이 낮았는데, 특히 ‘적극적인 대처방식’인 ‘문제 집중적 대처’와 ‘사회적 지지의 추구’에서 다른 연령과 비교했을 때 유의미하게 낮았다. 끝으로, 바둑 연구생은 바둑을 배운 기간이 길어질수록 ‘문제집중적’인 대처방식을 취하고, 연구생 수련기간에 따라 ‘문제집중적 대처’와 ‘사회적지지 추구’에서 차이를 보였다. 즉, 바둑을 배운 기간이나 연구생 기간이 길어질수록 ‘적극적인 대처’ 수준이 비교적 높은 것으로 나타났다.

상반회전 프로펠러용 동축 비접촉 자기기어의 다중물리해석 및 최적설계

김세영 科學技術聯合大學院大學校 2020 국내석사

지구온난화가 심화됨에 따라 선박의 이산화탄소 배출량을 줄이기 위한 방법으로 추진 장치 개선 연구가 진행 중이다. 선박의 추진 방식 중 가장 효율적인 방법 중 하나는 상반회전 프로펠러 추진 방식 적용이다. 본 논문에서는 고무보트 선외기에 적용되는 상반회전 프로펠러의 기계식 기어의 대안으로 동축 비접촉 자기기어의 연구를 진행한다. 토크 밀도 향상을 위해 쿼시 할박 배열을 사용하였으며, 최적화 및 자계 해석뿐만 아니라 강제진동, 열유동 등의 해석을 통해 목표사양을 만족하는 동축 비접촉 자기기어를 설계, 제작하였다. 또한, 성능시험 평가를 통해 해석 결과와 비교하였다. 먼저, 설계사양에 부합하는 동축 비접촉 자기기어의 설계를 위해 각 특성에 주요한 영향을 미치는 설계변수를 선정하였고, 자기적 특성 및 기계적 특성을 분석하였다. 일반적으로 많이 사용되는 실험계획법 및 샘플링 방법을 이용해 각 설계변수의 수준을 정하고 자기특성해석을 완료하였다. 통계적 최적화를 통해 최적해를 구하고 이를 비교, 분석하여 최적모델을 결정하였다. 둘째, 최적모델을 시제작하여 성능시험 평가를 수행하였고, 토크와 속도를 고려해 각 성능지표의 결과를 성능 맵을 통해 직관적으로 제시하였다. 동축 비접촉 자기기어의 안정성 평가를 위한 진동, 소음 및 발열 특성 등의 성능시험 평가를 수행하였고, 본 논문에서 제안한 설계 및 해석 결과를 시험적으로 검증하였다. As global warming intensifies, research on improving propulsion systems is in progress as a way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from ships. One of the most efficient methods of ship propulsion is to the application of the contra-rotating propeller. In this paper, we study the coaxial non-contact magnetic gear as an alternative to the mechanical gear of the contra-rotating propeller applied to the rubber boat outboard. In order to improve the torque density, a halbach array is used, and coaxial non-contact magnetic gears are designed and manufactured to meet the target specifications through forced vibration analysis, computational fluid dynamics, as well as optimization and magnetic field analysis. In addition, the performance test was evaluated and compared with the analysis results. First, for the design of coaxial non-contact magnetic gears conforming to the design specifications, design variables that have a major influence on each characteristic were selected, and magnetic-mechanical characteristics were analyzed. The level of each design variable was set and the characteristic analysis was determined using response surface methodology (RSM). Second, the results were verified through various performance analyses and performance tests by prototype. Vibration, noise and temperature measurements were performed to evaluate the stability of coaxial non-contact magnetic gear.

정상 진피 섬유아세포에서보툴리눔 A형 독소 제형 차이에 대한 영향력 비교 연구

김세영 순천향대학교 2016 국내석사

보툴리눔 독소는 보툴리누스균이 생산하는 신경독소로 혈청형에 따라 8종류로 분류할 수 있으며, 각각의 혈청형은 서로 다른 표적 장소에 작용하여 서로 다른 효과를 나타낸다. 보툴리눔 A형 독소는 신경접합부의 절전신경종말에 작용하여 아세틸콜린의 방출을 억제함으로써 근육에 마비를 일으키게 되고, 개인적인 차이가 있지만 대개 그 효과는 4~6개월간 지속된다. 보툴리눔 독소 제제는 지난 30년간 사용 분야가 점차 확대되어가고 있다. 섬유아세포는 결합조직에서 중요한 세포로 창상 치유 과정에 관여한다. 창상부위에서 섬유아세포는 콜라겐과 프로테오글리칸과 같은 세포외기질을 합성하는 중요한 역할을 한다. 또한 섬유아세포의 일부는 근섬유아세포로 분화되며 이것은 창상이 수축되어 창상의 크기가 작아지게 하여 창상 치유에 기여한다. 최근에는 보툴리눔 A형 독소가 창상치유 분야에서도 사용되고 있고, 특히 켈로이드나 비후성 반흔의 치료에도 사용되고 있다. 또 반흔 조직에서 얻은 섬유아세포를 대상으로 시행한 연구에서 보툴리눔 A형 독소는 TGF-β1의 발현을 억제하여 섬유아세포의 증식과 근섬유아세포로 분화를 억제하는 것이 밝혀졌다. 보툴리눔 독소는 제형에 따라 두 가지 형태로 나눌 수 있다. 첫 번째는 분말형으로 장기간 보존을 위해 사람 혈청 알부민과 같은 부형제가 포함되어 있고, 사용 시 분말로 된 제품을 식염수에 희석해야 하는 불편함이 있으며 이때 안정성에 문제가 발생할 수 있는 단점이 있다. 액상형 보툴리눔 A형 독소는 최근 개발되었으며 사람 혈청 알부민과 같은 동물성 유래물질이 배제되어 만들어졌다. 또한 사용할 때 희석 과정이 불필요하기 때문에 사용이 편리하고, 준비과정에서 오염 위험성이 적은 장점이 있다. 하지만, 액상형 보툴리눔 A형 독소에 대한 연구 및 정상 진피 섬유아세포에 미치는 영향은 연구된바 없었기 때문에, 본 연구에서는 분말형 보툴리눔 A형 독소와 액상형 보툴리눔 A형 독소의 제형 차이가 정상 진피 섬유아세포에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대해 실험하였다. 본 연구는 순천향대학교 부천병원 의학연구 윤리심의 위원회의 승인을 얻었고, 기증자의 동의를 얻어 정상 진피 조직을 실험에 사용하였다. 정상 진피 섬유아세포를 소 태아혈청이 포함된 Dulbecco's modified eagle medium에서 37℃, 5%의 이산화탄소가 공급되는 세포 배양기로 배양하여, 3~4회 계대배양된 섬유아세포를 실험에 사용하였다. 액상형 보툴리눔 A형 독소와 분말형 보툴리눔 A형 독소를 사용하여 용량에 따른 세포 증식능력을 평가하기 위하여 섬유아세포에 각각 대조군, 1U, 2U, 4U의 보툴리눔 독소를 24시간 처리하였다. 섬유아세포의 증식능력을 평가하기 위하여 Cell counting kit-8을 이용한 발색 분석법을 사용하였다. 0, 1, 3, 5, 7일째에 시간에 따른 세포 증식능력을 평가하기 위하여 450nm 파장에서 효소결합 면역흡착 측정 판독기로 흡광도를 측정 하였다. 각 실험은 독립적으로 4회 반복 실행하였다. 실험결과 분말형 보툴리눔 A형 독소와 액상형 보툴리눔 A형 독소 모두 정상 진피 섬유아세포의 증식을 유의하게 감소시켰다. 액상형 보툴리눔 A형 독소는 1, 3, 5, 7일에 진피 섬유아세포의 증식을 유의하게 억제하였고, 분말형 보툴리눔 A형 독소는 3, 5일에 진피 섬유아세포의 증식을 유의하게 억제하였다. 그리고 분말형 보툴리눔 A형 독소는 같은 용량의 액상형 보툴리눔 A형 독소보다 1, 3, 5일에 섬유아세포의 증식을 유의하게 더 억제시키는 모습을 보였다. 본 연구는 보툴리눔 A형 독소의 제형 차이를 이용하여 in vitro에서 정상 진피 섬유아세포의 증식 억제 차이를 본 실험 연구로써, 분말형 보툴리눔 A형 독소와 액상형 보툴리눔 A형 독소 모두 정상 진피 섬유아세포의 증식을 유의하게 감소시켰고, 보툴리눔 독소가 용량 의존적으로 섬유아세포의 증식을 억제하였다. 또한, 분말형 보툴리눔 A형 독소는 액상형 보툴리눔 A형 독소와 비교하여 세포 배양 5일 까지 섬유아세포의 증식을 더 강하게 억제하는 결과를 보였는데 이는 분말형의 억제 효과가 더 강한 것으로 나타났으며 이는 부형제와 같은 조성의 차이가 영향을 미쳤을 개연성이 있어 이에 대한 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. The Clostridium botulinum produces eight distinct serotypes of neurotoxins. Each neurotoxin is specific for different target sites and different effects. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) induces chemodenervation through its action on presynaptic neurons, preventing the release of acetylcholine and leading to functional denervation of striated muscles for 4~6 months after injection. Over the past three decades, the use of BoNTA had been expanded in various fields of medicine. Recently, BoNTA has also been used to improve wound healing and minimize scar formation. It was reported that BoNTA suppressed proliferation and differentiation of fibroblast, derived from a scar tissue, by inhibiting the expression of transforming the growth factor(TGF)-β1. Dermal fibroblasts are the most important cells of connective tissues and play a critical role in wound healing. Dermal fibroblasts are a type of cells that synthesizes the collagen and extra cellular matrix proteins such as proteoglycan, the structural framework for a tissue. Some of fibroblasts are differentiated into contractile myofibroblasts, which cause tissue contraction in wound healing. BoNTA was divided into two groups based on the types of its form; liquefied and powdered. Classically, BoNTA was provided as freeze-dried in powder-type and composed of human serum albumin, which was known as stabilizers. Before use, powder-type BoNTA would be diluted with normal saline. But, procedure of dilution is inconvenient and requires careful preparation to avoid contamination. BoNTA in a liquefied form has been developed recently. Liquid-type BoNTA was composed of L-methionine and polysorbate, another stabilizer, and did not contain any albumin or animal-derived materials. Liquid-type BoNTA did not require a procedure of dilution. So, it is easy to use and minimizes the risk of contamination. However, the effect of liquid-type BoNTA for application of normal dermal fibroblasts has not been studied so far. Therefore, we evaluated the effect on normal dermal fibroblast using BoNTA of different forms. This study was approved by the institutional review board of Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon Hospital(SCHBC 2014 10-031). The dermal fibroblast cells were isolated from a normal dermal tissue obtained from consenting patients. Normal dermal fibroblast was cultured in Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum in humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37°C. All experiments were performed at passage three or four. The proliferation assay was performed using Cell Counting Kit(CCK)-8 to evaluate the effect of BoNTA on dermal fibroblast cells. Each cell treated with control, 1, 2 or 4U of powder-type BoNTA for 24 hours. As well as in cells were treated with liquid-type BoNTA for 24 hours. CCK-8 was then used for proliferation assay. Optical density of each cell was read at 450 nm using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader. Time-dose-dependent drug treatment performed by same means for 1, 3, 5 or 7 days. Measurements were repeated more three times. Our result demonstrates that the both forms of BoNTA suppressed proliferation of normal dermal fibroblast cells. Proliferation of dermal fibroblasts treated with liquid-type BoNTA was significantly suppressed on statistically on 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. As well as proliferation of that treated with powder-type BoNTA was significantly suppressed on 3 and 5 days. However, each type of BoNTA showed different growth rate of dermal fibroblast. Powder-type BoNTA inhibited proliferation of dermal fibroblast more than that of liquid-type BoNTA at the same dose on 1, 3 and 5 days. In conclusion, this study showed interesting effects of BoNTA in different forms on dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Powder-type and liquid-type BoNTA showed dose-dependent suppression of proliferation of normal dermal fibroblast cells.

출산 후 운동이 여성의 건강관련 체력 및 혈액변화에 미치는 영향

김세영 국민대학교 스포츠산업대학원 2002 국내석사

본 연구는 출산 후 6주에서 12주 사이의 여성들로 12주간의 운동이 여성의 건강관련체력 및 혈액변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 시도되었다. 건강관련체력으로는 체지방, 심폐지구력, 배근력, 악력, 유연성, 근지구력이 있으며, 혈액변인은 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 고밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤, 저밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤, 프로락틴, 프로게스테론, 에스트로겐, 성장호르몬으로 구성되었다. 본 연구의 총 대상자는 16명으로 운동그룹 10명, 비 운동그룹 6명으로 선정되었다. 운동프로그램은 스트레칭, 볼운동, 유산소운동, 튜빙운동으로 총 12주간 운동을 실시하였으며, 운동 전·후 효과를 알아보기 위한 건강관련체력 및 혈액검사는 사전, 중간, 사후검사와 사전, 사후검사로 각각 세 번과 두 번에 걸쳐 검사를 실시하였다. 모든 자료의 결과 분석시 체력변인은 factorial repeated ANOVA와 one way repeated ANOVA를 사용하였으며, 혈액변인은 paired t-test와 independent t-test를 사용하였으며, 실험결과는 다음과 같이 나타났다. 운동그룹에서 악력과 근지구력을 제외한 체지방, 심폐기능, 배근력, 유연성에서는 유의한 차이가 나타났으나(p<.01), 비 운동그룹에서는 모든 변인에서 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 혈액변화는 운동그룹에서 고밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤, 프로락틴, 프로게스테론을 제외한 콜레스테롤, 저밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 에스트로겐, 성장호르몬에서 운동의 긍정적 효과가 나타났으며(p<.05), 비 운동그룹에서는 프로게스테론, 에스트로겐을 제외한 나머지 변인에서 긍정적 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구결과와 같이 출산 후 운동요법을 통한 산후관리는 임신, 출으로 인해 저하된 여성의 체력을 향상시키며, 혈액수준 유지·증가에 많은 이점을 가져올 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to find what effect twelve-week exercise after procreation takes on health-related fitness and blood change in women six through 12 weeks after childbirth. Health-related physical fitness includes body fat, cardiorespiratory endurance, back strength, grip strength, flexibility, and muscular endurance, and in blood factors there are cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, prolactin, progesteron, estrogen, growth hormone. Total number of the subjects were sixteen, which were divided into two groups: exercise group of ten and non-exercise group of six. Exercises included in the program were stretching, ball exercise, aerobic exercise, and tubing, which continued 12 weeks. Health-related physical fitness were conducted three times ―before, after, and in the middle of the exercise program ― and blood tests twice, before and after. I analyze the data using factorial repeated ANOVA and one way repeated ANOVA regarding physical fitness factors. As for blood factors, paired t-test and independent t-test were used. The results of the experiment are as follow: The exercise group shows significant differences (p<.01) in body fat, cardiopulmonary function, back strength, and flexibility except grip strength and muscular endurance, but for the non-exercise group significant differences are not found in any factors. Concerning blood change, exercise brought about positive effects in cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, estrogen, and growth hormone except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, prolactin, and progesteron, but the non-exercise group demonstrated no positive effect in any factors save progesteron and esterogen. Thus it will be a natural conclusion that the postpartum care by exercise after procreation will improve women's physical fitness weakened by conception and procreation and that it will also be beneficial for maintaining and improving blood level.