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Spectroscopic Ellipsometry를 이용한 표면 및 박막의 분석
김상열 한국광학회 1990 한국광학회지 Vol.1 No.1
The technique of Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) has been examined with emphasis on its inherent sensitivity to the existence of thin films or surface equivalents. A brief review of related theories like the Fresnel reflection coefficients, the effect of a multilayer upon reflectivities, together with the validity of the effective medium theory and the modelling procedure, is followed by a short description of the experimental setup of a rotating polarizer type SE as well as the necessful expressions which lead to tan and cos. Out of its numerous, successful applications, a few are exampled to convince a reader that SE can be applied to a variety of research fields related to surface, interface and thin films. Specifically, those are adsorption and/or desorption on metals or semiconductors, oxidation process, formation of passivation layers on an electrode, thickness determination, interface between semiconductor and its oxide, semiconductor heterojunctions, surface microroughness, void distribution of dielectric, optical thin films, depth profile of multilayered samples, in-situ or in-vitro characterization of a solid surface immersed in electrolyte during electrochemical, chemical, or biological treatments, and so on. It is expected that the potential capability of SE will be widely utilized in a very near future, taking advantage of its sensitivity to thin films or surface equivalents, and its nondestructive, nonperturbing characteristics.
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해운전자상거래도입에 따른 정기선 해운시장구조변화에 관한 연구
김상열 국제e-비즈니스학회 2006 e-비즈니스 연구 Vol.7 No.4
This paper explores the effects of maritime e-commerce on transaction structure in the liner shipping industry, particularly the role of intermediaries. An argument for the effects of electronic commerce on the transaction structure is divided into two groups. Prior research, based on transaction cost theory, agree that intermediaries will be eliminated due to the reduction of transaction costs between consumers and producers. However, this cannot be generalized to all intermediation services. "Four Outcome Framework" developed by Sarkar et al. (1998) provides the theoretical basis for differential impacts on intermediaries. In order to clarify the issues, this paper attempts to apply the modified transaction cost theory to the line r shipping market. Based on the previous studies and interviews with freight forwarders and liner shipping companies, the researcher tried to find out the impact of the maritime e-commerce on the role of the freight forwarders. The analysis suggests that in the liner shipping marketplace, freight forwarders will play an important role in liner shipping business even after the advent of e-commerce. 본 연구는 해운전자상거래 도입이 정기선 시장의 거래구조에 미치는 영향을 수정된 거래비용이론을 바탕으로 분석하여 향후 시장거래구조의 변화 방향을 제시하였다. 기존의 거래비용이론을 바탕으로 한 연구에서 전자상거래의 도입은 소비자와 생산자간의 거래비용을 감소시켜 중개자(intermediaries)의 소멸을 예측하였으나 모든 중간거래서비스에 일반화하기는 어려움이 있었다. 따라서 전자상거래의 도입이 산업별로, 중간거래서비스별로 거래구조에 상이한 영향을 미친다는 사커(1998)의 연구를 바탕으로 수정된 거래비용이론 개념을 도입하여 해운전자상거래의 도입이 정기선 시장의 거래구조에 미치는 영향을 분석 할 수 있는 General Framework을 제공하였다.
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정렬된 단축이방성 분자들의 질서변수와 상대 복굴절간 준선형 관계식의 보편성
김상열 한국광학회 2017 한국광학회지 Vol.28 No.1
The universality of the quasi-linear relation between the order parameter S and the normalized birefringence △nrel, S=(1+a)△nrel-a△n2rel is confirmed. It is verified that the refractive index of liquid crystals distributed with regular polyhedral symmetry is isotropicand it is given as 1/n2av=1/3(1/n2e+2/n2o). S and △nrel of angular weighted liquid crystals that are initially distributed with regular polyhedral symmetry, are numerically calculated. Also △nrel and S of liquid crystals that are conically distributed, keeping the rotational symmetry about z-axis are calclated as the apex angle of the cone is varied. Based on these calculated results, it is confirmed that the quasi-linear relation between S and △nrel is universal, independent of the details of the distribution function.
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내산성 Protease에 관한 연구 (제1보) 균의 분리 및 효소학적 기본성질에 대하여
김상열 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 1973 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.1 No.2
The acid protease was isolated from the culture broth of the Penicillum sp. grown in the wheat bran media. 'quot;The crude purification of this enzyme was carried out by extraction with distilled water and precipitated with saturated ammonium sulfate. " The activity of this enzyme was found to be very strong by Folin′s colorimetric method. The results were as follows. 1. The optimum pH of the enzyme activity was at 3.0 and its optimum temperature was 5$0^{\circ}C$. 2. Although the enzyme activity to hydrolyze casein was maximal at 5$0^{\circ}C$, its activity decreased rapidly by about 50%, treated at 5$0^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. When treated at 4$0^{\circ}C$ for 60 min, the enzyme activity decreased to 75% of original value and did not decrease any more. 3. The enzyme was stable at pH 2.0 to 6.0. 4. This enzyme activity was not effected by metal ions; C $d^{++}$, Z $n^{++}$, $Co^{++}$, H $g^{++}$, M $n^{++}$, P $b^{++}$, $Mg^{++}$, L $i^{+}$, C $u^{++}$, $Ba^{++}$, A $g^{+}$, $Al^{+++}$, $Ca^{++}$, F $e^{++}$, and F $e^{++}$ 5. Also, it was not effected by treatemnt of EDTA.
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편광자-보정기-시료-보정기-검광자 배치를 가지는 준 수직입사 타원계의 타원식
김상열,Kim, Sang Youl 한국광학회 2021 한국광학회지 Vol.32 No.4
A near-normal-incidence ellipsometer (NNIE) is suggested as an optical critical dimension (OCD) measurement system that is highly sensitive to the bottom defect of a sample with high-aspect-ratio structured patterns. Incident light passes through a polarizer and a phase retarder in sequence, and the reflected light from the sample also passes through them, but in reverse order. The operating principle of this NNIE, where a single polarizer and a single phase retarder are shared by the incident and reflected light, is studied, and a method to determine the ellipsometric constants from the measured intensities at proper combinations of the azimuthal angles of polarizer and retarder is presented.
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김상열,Kim, Sang Youl 한국광학회 2015 한국광학회지 Vol.26 No.2
Explicit expressions are derived for the effective reflection coefficients of obliquely incident light on a multilayered substrate coated with two uniaxially anisotropic films. Based on these reflection coefficients, ellipsometric constants are obtained as function of the tilt and azimuthal angles of the optical axes of the uniaxial films. Explicit expressions are provided, which can be used to separate the effects of surface anisotropy for anisotropic film from that of its bulk anisotropy, so that these expressions may be utilized in characterizing the surface anisotropy of alignment layers.
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