Harmann Hesse 의 서정시 연구

권기록 한국독어독문학회 1989 獨逸文學 Vol.43 No.1

Bei dieser Arbet handelt es sich um die romantischen Elemente und seine Grundgedanken, die in der Lyrik H. Hesses dargestellt wurden. Hesse, von Natur aus eiti passives Charakter, hat als Diehter semen Ausgang in der Romantik genommen. In seines Lyrik kann man feststellen, daß Hesse fu¨r das Lebensgefu¨hl der Romantik eine Veranlagung mitbringt, die in seines besonderen Natur begru¨ndet ist. Es sind nicht nur die Widerspru¨che der ihn umgebenden konkreten gesellschaftlichen Ordnung, es ist vor allem auch die Zwiespa¨ltigkeit seines eigenen Wesens, d. h. die als qua¨lend, aber such als fruchtbar empfundene Polarita¨t von Trieb und Geist, die ihn als ruhelosen Wanderer und ewigen Sucher nach dem Sinn des Lebens u¨berhaupt erscheinen la¨ßt. In dieser geistigen Grnndhatiung stimmt Hesse mit der idealistischen Weltanschauung der Romantiker u¨berein, deren unklares Sehnen die wahre Heimat der Seele in einem irrationalen Jenseits sucht. Neben den dieser Dichtung eigenen Stimmungsgehalten sind es auch die Motive, das Naturgefu¨hl und nicht zuletzt die entsprechenden formalen Merkmale, das Volksliedhafte, die Musikalita¨t, die Hesse als echten Romantiker erscheinen lassen und nicht als spielerischen Nachahmer, obgleich gewisse konventionelle Anleihen nicht zu u¨bersehen sind. Ein Kennzeichen romantischen Lebensgefu¨hls ist auch das eigenartige Verha¨ltnis zur Natur und allen ihren Erscheinungen. In der geheimnisvoll beseelten und als wunderbare Einheit erlebten Natur sucht der Dichter Zuflucht vor der unbefriedigenden, schrecklichen Wirklichkeit, in den vielfa¨ltigen Bidern der Natur sieht er Symbole seines eigenen Lebens. Die bewegten Elemente der Natur, wie “Stro¨me, Wolken, Winde” werden zu Symbolen seines sehnlichert. Verlangens “nach Hause”. Ein weiteres Merkmal Hessescher Lyrik, das diese mit der Romantik gemein hat, ist der yolksliedhafte Ton. Der erste Weltkrieg und die Erschu¨tterung der bu¨rgerlichen Gesellschaft in den Jahren nach dem Kriege haben in Hesse jene Wandlung vorbereitet, die schließlich zu einer ausgesprochenen Krise im Leben und Schaffen des Dichters fu¨hren sollte. In diesen Zeitverha¨ltnissen erschien ihm zu groß der Widerspruch zwischen der unstillbaren Sehnsucht nach dem Scho¨nen und der unbefriedigenden Wirklichkeit. Aber diese Krise bedeutete nur als ein Zwischenspiel ein la¨uterndes Durchgangsstadium, das zur Abgekla¨rtheit der Alterslyrik fu¨hren sollte. In der Lyrik des alteren Hesse traten Reflexionen, und Gedanken allgemeingu¨ltigen Inhalts hervor. Seine lyrische Gestaltung grog von der festen Position des Humanismus aus. Er machte sich auf die Suche nach dem Ich, das die Suche nach einem reinen Menschentum, nach Liebe und Scho¨nheit war. Er hat schließlich einen Weg zuru¨ckgelegt, der ihn zum Ziel einer bewußten humanistischen Aussage fu¨hren sollte. In Hessescher Lyrik wurden jedoch die konkreten Ursachen der Widerspru¨che in der Welt nicht genannt. Ihm fehlte auch die Erkenntnis der gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhange. Man kann darin die Grenzen der Lyrik Hesses sehen, Als tiefste Ursache fur solche Grenzen ist seine idealistische Weltanschauung zu nennen, die den Widerspruch zwischen Ideal und Wirklichkeit als solchen grundsa¨tzlicher Natur empfindet und nicht als Widerspiegelung eines gesellschaftlich zwiespa¨lti$en Seins. Hermann Hesse hat mit großer Aufrichtigkeit gerungen um die Verwirklichung des Humanita¨tsideals, um die Rettung der Kunst innerhalb der bu¨rgerlichen Gesellschaft, aus deren Schoße doch dieses Ideal hervorgegangen war. Der wesentliche Inhalt Hessescher Lyrik ist shließlich ein echt menschliches Anliegen : die Suche each dem Sinn des Lebens, die Sehnsucht nach innerer Harmonie, nach Scho¨nheit und Liebe.

Identification and Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Mountain Cultivated Ginseng and Mountain Wild Ginseng

권기록,박원필,강원모,전은이,장준혁 사단법인약침학회 2011 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.4 No.2

Ginseng is one of the most widely used herbal medicines in the world. Wild ginseng is thought to be more effective than cultivated ginseng in chemoprevention; however,little has been reported on the differences between wild and cultivated ginseng. In the present study we used suppressive subtractive hybridization to identify wild ginseng-specific genes. One of the clones isolated in this screen was the NRT2gene (designated pNRT2), a high-affinity nitrate transporter. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results showed that pNRT2 expression was significantly upregulated in wild ginseng compared with cultivated ginseng. However,pNRT2 mRNA levels were similar between mountain cultivated ginseng and mountain wild ginseng. Nitrate is an important nitrogen source for plant growth, and its soil levels can vary in wild environments; thus it is conceivable that pNRT2 expression is upregulated in wild ginseng and may be an important marker of wild ginseng.

Purification and Characterization of a Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Snake Venom of Macrovipera lebetina turanica

권기록,최석호,박도일,이승배 대한약침학회 2011 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.14 No.2

Objectives: Fibrinolytic enzyme preparations were isolated from the snake venom of Macrovipera lebetica turanica in this study. Methods: The purity of the preparations was determined using SDS-PAGE and the enzymic characteristics of the purified fibrinolytic enzyme were determined. Results:1. All of the two preparations with fibrinolytic activity obtained from the snake venom of M. l. turanicat contained the major polypeptide with the molecular weight of 27,500. One of the preparation showed purified fibrinolytic enzyme. 2. The purified fibrinolytic enzyme hydrolyzed α-chain of fibrinogen faster than β-chain but not γ-chain. 3. The fibrinolytic activity was inhibited completely by EDTA, EGTA, 1,10-phenanthroline, and dithiothreitol. 4. The fibrinolytic activity was inhibited completely by calcium chloride, iron(III) chloride, mercuric chloride, and cobalt (II) chloride. 5. The fibrinolysis zone formed after addition of zinc sulfate was smaller but clearer than the control. Conclusions: These results suggested that the fibrinolytic enzyme purifed from the snake venom of M. l turanica was a metalloprotease containing dithiol group.

Case Series of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Mountain Ginseng Pharmacopuncture

권기록,김현도,김정선,유화승,조종관 사단법인약침학회 2011 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.4 No.1

This study aims to observe the efficacy of mountain Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) pharmacopuncture (MGP) on cancer patients using different delivery methods of acupoint injection and intravenous infusion. Six non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who met the eligibility criteria were observed. Two patients were continuously infused with MGP (20 mL/day) intravenously, and the other two patients were injected with MGP (10 mL/day) on acupoint LU1 bi-lateral continuously. The remaining two patients received MGP therapy using both methods of delivery. Results were followed by computed tomography (CT) after every cycle; each cycle lasted for 28 days. Two patients infused intravenously showed stable disease and two patients injected on LU1 showed progressive disease. Two patients treated using both methods showed stable disease during the intravenous infusion period and progressive disease during the intraacupuncture injection period. One patient showed progressive disease in the latest chest CT in spite of receiving MGP intravenous infusion. We suggested that MGP may be more effective when used as an intravenous infusion rather than acupoint injection in NSCLC patients.

Anticancer effect of mountain ginseng Pharmacopuncture to the nude mouse of lung carcinoma induced by NCI-H460 human non-small cell lung cancer cells

권기록 대한약침학회 2010 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.13 No.1

Objectives : This study was performed to examine the anticancer effect of mountain ginseng Pharmacopuncture(MGP) to the nude mouse of lung carcinoma induced by NCI-H460 human nonsmall lung cancer cells. Methods : Human lung cancer (NCI-H460) cells were cultured and applied to evaluate anti-tumor activity in nude mice. After confirmed tumor growth in mice, MGP was treated per 0.1ml/kg dose to intraperitoneal and intravenous injection everyday for four weeks. And checked the changes in body weights, tumor volume, mean survival time and percent, increase in life span, histo-pathological findings, organ weights, and blood chemistry levels. Results : The results of in vivo study showed that MGP may have potential as growth inhibitor of solid tumor induced NCI-H460 without marked side effects. MGP inhibited dosage-dependently the growth of NCI-H460 cell-transplanted solid tumor compared with the control group. And mean survival time of MGP treated group was prolonged comparing with control group. Generally the group of intravenous injection is more effective than intraperitoneal injection. Conclusion : These results were suggested that MGP may be a useful anticancer agent for therapy of human lung cancer. And follow study need for the certain evidence. Objectives : This study was performed to examine the anticancer effect of mountain ginseng Pharmacopuncture(MGP) to the nude mouse of lung carcinoma induced by NCI-H460 human nonsmall lung cancer cells. Methods : Human lung cancer (NCI-H460) cells were cultured and applied to evaluate anti-tumor activity in nude mice. After confirmed tumor growth in mice, MGP was treated per 0.1ml/kg dose to intraperitoneal and intravenous injection everyday for four weeks. And checked the changes in body weights, tumor volume, mean survival time and percent, increase in life span, histo-pathological findings, organ weights, and blood chemistry levels. Results : The results of in vivo study showed that MGP may have potential as growth inhibitor of solid tumor induced NCI-H460 without marked side effects. MGP inhibited dosage-dependently the growth of NCI-H460 cell-transplanted solid tumor compared with the control group. And mean survival time of MGP treated group was prolonged comparing with control group. Generally the group of intravenous injection is more effective than intraperitoneal injection. Conclusion : These results were suggested that MGP may be a useful anticancer agent for therapy of human lung cancer. And follow study need for the certain evidence.

봉약침의 LD50 변화 보고

권기록,장성봉,최영권 대한약침학회 2005 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.8 No.1

Objectives : This experiment was conducted to reevaluate LD50 of Korean bee venom acupuncture as many changes have occurred over the years. Methods : ICR mice were used as the experiment animals and bee venom acupuncture was manufactured under the protocols of Korean Institute of herbal Acupuncture. Based on the previous reports, experiment was divided into pre and main sections. Results : 1. Presumed LD50 value is at 5.25㎎/㎏. 2. Deaths of experiment animals occurred within 48 hours. 3. Reduced toxicity of the bee venom acupuncture is likely to be the results of more refined manufacturing process and production. Conclusion : Comparing with the values of the previous results, toxicity of the bee venom acupuncture showed significant changes and more accurate findings on LD50 value must be accomplished to lead further studies on the bee venom acupuncture.

Fully Automated System for Rapid Enrichment and Precise Detection of Enterobacteria Using Magneto-Electrochemical Impedance Measurements

권기록,윤태희,곽호경,이경연,현경아,정효일 한국바이오칩학회 2021 BioChip Journal Vol.15 No.3

The contamination of food and drinking water by bacteria that cause food poisoning is a critical public health issue. In general, the procedures for testing the presence of pathogenic bacteria in public is not very effective, because it is time consuming and does not facilitate real-time monitoring in a field setting. Therefore, this study introduced a fully automated platform that would allow non-experts to easily examine the major food poisoning bacteria in a field setting, from pretreatment samples to fi nal detection. Two enterobacteria species, of four different bacteria species (i.e., Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium) were successfully immobilized on the surface of magnetic beads by exploiting the specific binding force with mannose. Subsequently, magneto-electrochemical impedance measurement technology allowed bacterial detection with a high sensitivity. E. coli, typical enterobacteria, was detected in 25 min with a detection limit of 100 CFU/mL. Moreover, we demonstrated that the automatic performance and the experimental consistency was greatly improved in comparison with those of manually conducted experiments.

줄기세포와 약침요법

권기록,Kwon, Ki-Rok 대한약침학회 2005 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.8 No.3

Stem cell therapy implies the birth of regenerative medicine. Regenerative medicine signify treatment through regeneration of cells which was impossible by existing medicine. Stem cell is classified into embryonic stem cell and adult stem cell and they have distinctive benefits and limitations. Researches on stem cell are already under active progression and is expected to be commercially available in the near future. One may not relate the stem cell treatment with Oriental medicine, but can be interpreted as the fundamental treatment action of Oriental medicine is being investigated in more concrete manner. When it comes to difficult to cure diseases, there is no boundary between eastern and western medicine, and one must be ready to face and overcome changes lying ahead.

산삼(山蔘)에 대한 문헌적(文獻的) 고찰(考察)

권기록,위종성,김성욱,Kwon, Ki-Rok,Owi, Jong-Song,Kim, Seong-Wook 대한약침학회 2003 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.6 No.2

Objective : 본 연구는 문헌적 고찰을 통하여 산삼의 기원과 산삼에 대한 정확한 인식, 그리고 인삼과의 차이점 등을 규명하는 것을 목표로 하였다. Result : 1. 삼(蔘)에 대한 최초의 문헌기록연대는 BC 50년경이고, 처방으로는 AD 200년경 상한론에서 최초로 언급되었다. 2. 인삼재배시기를 14세기라고 가정하고, 그 이전의 의서에 기재되어있는 인삼은 산삼을 지칭하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 3. 15세기 전후의 의서(醫書)를 비교해 볼 때 인삼의 기미(氣味), 효능(效能) 그리고 주치(主治)에 있어서 큰 차이를 나타내지 않고 있었다. 4. 오가과(五加科) 식물 인삼(人蔘)이 자생적으로 산에서 자란 것을 야산삼(野山蔘)(산삼(山蔘)), 재배한 것을 원삼(圓蔘)(인삼(人蔘)), 어린 야산삼(野山蔘)(산삼(山蔘))을 밭에 옮겨 키웠거나, 어린 원삼(圓蔘)(인삼(人蔘))을 산에 옮겨 키운것을 이산삼(移山蔘)(산양산삼(山養山蔘))이라 한다. 5. 산삼의 수령은 뇌두의 수나 몸체에 형성된 띄(횡추(橫皺))의 수, 그리고 잎과 줄기의 모양 등을 관찰하여 추정하고 있다. 6. 인삼의 약리학적인 효능은 신경계통, 생체의 반응성, 내분비 계통, 물질 대사적인 측면에서 우수한 효능을 발휘하는 것이 보고되었다.

질병의 경과와 예후 판별에 대한 제언

권기록,Kwon, Ki-Rok 대한약침학회 2008 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.11 No.1

Objectives : This study was designed to make beneficial proposal for clinical application on some of the most common disorders treated by Oriental medicine by analyzing treatment process and prognosis. Methods : Number of peculiar attributes pertaining to a specific disorder were analyzed and based on those attributes, patterns associated with process and prognosis were interpreted in reference with classical literatures. Results : 1. Factors which can influence the progression and prognosis include time of onset, intensity of symptoms, course of passage, effects of risk factors, condition of the patient's righteous qi(正氣), accuracy of differential diagnosis made by the practitioner, accuracy of treatment methods, and other unexpected external influences. 2. Correlation between the condition of disorders and treatment progression is closely associated with proper treatment procedures and performances. The time of onset and intensity play critical roles in the treatment process and prognosis and showed pattern tendency with mutual interactions. 3. When there is complication of various disorders, it is ideal to give priority to more urgent illness and take care of moderate illness later. If there isn't any correlation between disorders, treat them in the order of acute to chronic disorders. The approach is reversed when disorders are related, treating in the order of most chronic to most acute. 4. In a case of complication of various disorders, depending on the disorder being acute or chronic, intensity, and accuracy of treatments, either a domino effect or gradual fade out of symptoms were witnessed. 5. The concept of "Five Evils Theory" according to Nan Jing(Difficult Classic) is essential in grasping disease progression due to interrelationships between zangfu organs. Conclusions : Predicting of disease process and prognosis for vast array of disorders treated by Oriental medicine is a very difficult task, yet evaluating the disorder's peculiar properties and influential factors resulted in few principles which can be effectively applied into clinical applications.