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강문석 에스케이텔레콤 (주) 1997 Telecommunications Review Vol.7 No.1
본 논문에서는 세계 통신서비스 시장을 개방체제로 변화시키기 위한 WTO 기본통신협상이 1994년 5월 시작된 이래현재까지 어떻게 진행되어 왔으며 또 이 협상에서 약속한 세계 각국의 개방 계획은 어떻게 되어있는지를 중심으로 살펴 보았다. 미국, EU, 일본, 캐나다에 이어 5번째 주요국 대표로서 세계 강대국과 나란히 통신협상을 이끌면서 진행된 사항을정리한 것이다. 본래 1996년 4월 30일에 종결되기로 예정되어 있던 NGBT(Negotiation Group on Basic Telecommunications) 협상은 마지막 단계에서 미국측의 반대로 결렬되었고 1997년 2월 15일을 협상 타결목표로 현재 협상이 진행되고 있다. 이번 통신협상은 협상타결이 어려울 것이라는 일부의 우려가 있지만 실무수석대표로서 협상에 계속 참여했던필자의 생각에는 WTO에서 미국의 입지와 현재까지 제시된 협상 내용으로 보아 무난히 타결될 것으로 본다. 실제로 1995 년 1월 1일 WTO 출범 이래 미국이 금융분야 협상에서 최종 단계에 빠졌음에도 불구하고 협상은 타결되었고, 해운 분야에서는 미국 업계의 반발로 협상이 타결되기 보다는 가능한 미국이 협상에서 빠져야 하는 곤란한 처지에 있다. 따라서 미국은 이번 통신협상 마저 결렬시키기 곤란한 입장이므로 GBT(Group on Basic Telecommunications) 협상은 원만히 타결될 가능성이 높다. 이에 본 논문은 통신 시장을 국제경쟁체제로 바꾸기 위한 WTO 협상의 진행 내용을 주시할 필요가 있어지난 과정을 정리했다.
Evaluation of Elastic Lift for Neck Rejuvenation
강문석,김상훈,남승민,박은수 대한미용성형외과학회 2016 Archives of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Vol.22 No.2
Background The neck is not only the first area to show aging but it also represents the persona of the individual. The understanding of the aging process of the neck is essential for neck rejuvenation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and safety of elastic lift in relation to neck region lifting. Methods Forty-seven patients with sagging and laxity of the neck skin treated by elastic lift were enrolled in this study from November 2015 to February 2016. To evaluate the safety of elastic lift, a retrospective chart review was conducted. We used an automatic skin diagnosis system to evaluate the efficacy of elastic lift. Results Forty-five patients were female and 2 patients were male. The mean age of the patients was 45.3 years and their mean follow-up period was 3 months. There were no major complications requiring the removal of the elastic thread during the follow-up period. The median skin laxity grade score was 5 (4-5) preoperatively; the median skin laxity grade score was 3 at 3 months postoperatively. In comparing the skin grade score at these two points in time, there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01). Conclusions Neck rejuvenation using elastic lift is a safe and effective procedure in selected patients with moderate sagging and laxity of the neck skin.
강문석,정성균,남승민,신호성,김용배 대한성형외과학회 2011 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.38 No.6
Purpose: Hands are the chief organs for physically manipulating the environment, using anywhere from the roughest motor skills to the finest, and since the fingertips contain some of the densest areas of nerve endings on the human body, they are continuously used organ with complex functions, and therefore, often gets injured. To prevent any functional loss, a detailed anatomical knowledge is required to have a perfect surgical treatment. Also it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of arrangements of the human extensor tendons and intertendinous connections when tenoplasty or tendon transfer is required. We performed a study of the arrangements of the human extensor tendons and the configuration of the intertendinous connections over the dorsum of the wrist and hand. Methods: A total of 58 hands from Korean cadavers were dissected. The arrangements of extensor indicis proprius, extensor digitorum communis, and extensor digiti minimi tendons and intertendinous connections were studied. Results: The most common distribution patterns of the extensor tendons of the fingers were as follows: a single extensor indicis proprius (EIP) tendon which inserted ulnar to the extensor digitorum-index (EDC-index); a single EDC-index; a single EDC-middle; a double EDC-ring; an absent EDC-little; a double extensor digiti minimi (EDM), a single EDC-index (98.3%), a single EDC-middle (62%), a double EDC-ring (50%), and an absent (65.5%) or a single (32.8%) EDC-little. A double (70.6%) EDM tendons were seen. Intertendinous connections were classified into 3types: type 1 with thin filamentous type, type 2 with a thick filamentous type, and type 3 with a tendinous type subdivided to r shaped 3r type and y shaped 3y type. The most common patterns were type 1 in the 2nd intermetacarpal space, type 2 in the 3rd intermetacarpal space, and type 3r in the 4th intermetacarpal space. And in the present study,we observed one case of the extensor digitorum brevis manus (EDBM) on the boht side. Conclusion: A knowledge of both the usual and possible variations of the extensor tendon and the intertendinous connection is useful in the identification and repair of these structures.
강문석,양윤실,김선희,박주민,은수용,정성철 대한약리학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.18 No.2
The downregulation of A-type K+ channels (IA channels) accompanying enhanced somatic excitabilitycan mediate epileptogenic conditions in mammalian central nervous system. As IA channels are dominantlytargeted by dendritic and postsynaptic processings during synaptic plasticity, it is presumablethat they may act as cellular linkers between synaptic responses and somatic processings under variousexcitable conditions. In the present study, we electrophysiologically tested if the downregulation ofsomatic IA channels was sensitive to synaptic activities in young hippocampal neurons. In primarilycultured hippocampal neurons (DIV 6~9), the peak of IA recorded by a whole-cell patch was significantlyreduced by high KCl or exogenous glutamate treatment to enhance synaptic activities. However, thepretreatment of MK801 to block synaptic NMDA receptors abolished the glutamate-induced reductionof the IA peak, indicating the necessity of synaptic activation for the reduction of somatic IA. Thiswas again confirmed by glycine treatment, showing a significant reduction of the somatic IA peak. Additionally, the gating property of IA channels was also sensitive to the activation of synaptic NMDAreceptors, showing the hyperpolarizing shift in inactivation kinetics. These results suggest thatsynaptic LTP possibly potentiates somatic excitability via downregulating IA channels in expressionand gating kinetics. The consequential changes of somatic excitability following the activity-dependentmodulation of synaptic responses may be a series of processings for neuronal functions to determineoutputs in memory mechanisms or pathogenic conditions.