A Proposal for Deriving Timing Constraint Context on Using Multiple Sensor Web Servers in Service-Oriented Home Network

BenYan,Hua-Ping Yao,Masahide Nakamura,Shinsuke Matsumoto 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.9 No.8

The recent ubiquitous/pervasive technologies allow general household appliances to be connected within the network at home which is named home network system (HNS, for short). The great advantage of HNS is that it provides more value-added and powerful services by integrating multiple appliances and various sensors. Especially, sensor applications in HNS become much more important technology to build a high-level HNS service. In our earlier study, we have proposed the sensor service framework (SSF, for short) in the home network system for developing context-aware service, which wraps various sensor devices by web services to achieve easy development of context-aware service. In the SSF, a context was defined by a condition over a single sensor, or multiple sensors that derived by logical or arithmetic operations. However, the contexts were limited to the ones that can be defined by current values of the sensors, and can not describe the timing constraint relation in context on using multiple sensor web servers such as “after opening the door for 2 seconds, passed the hall” or “setting on the sofa”, and hindered us from creating high-level timing constraints context. In this paper, we propose a method for deriving the timing constraints context bases on the extended study of SSF. We first divide timing constraint in the context into two types: the sequential timing constraint and the continuous timing constraint. By using two types of timing constraint, the high-level context can be defined as conditions by using multiple sensors. After this, we also present a timer service to implement the timing constraints context within the SSF. We finally demonstrate how the high-level contexts with the timing constraints are registered and detected in a real home network system.

The Improvement and Evaluation of the Implementation Ability for Deriving Timing Constraints Context in Service-Oriented Home Network

BenYan,Hua-Ping Yao,Masahide Nakamura,Shinsuke Matsumoto 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.9 No.12

Home Network System (HNS) is comprised of networked home appliances and sensors to provide value-added and more powerful services. In order to build high- level HNS service by integrating multiple appliances and sensors, our earlier study proposes a method to derive timing constraints context based on Sensor Service Framework (SSF, which deploys sensor devices as web services to achieve easy development of context-aware application). That method divides timing constraints into two types: the sequential timing constraint and the continuous timing constraint. A high-level context can be defined as conditions expression based on the above two types. Moreover, we present a timer service to implement timing constraints context within SSF, and demonstrate how a high-level context with timing constraint is registered and detected in a real home network system. However, to create high-level context with timing constraints, the developer needs to know the details about pre-existing context of HNS, and also needs the ability to analyze and implement complex logic to detect a high-level timing constraints context. This limitation impedes the efficient creation of high-level context in HNS. Therefore, we propose a method to collectively manage the information of a pre- existing context of HNS in this paper, by which the developer can create high-level timing constraints context more easily than before. As a case study, we implement Enter-Leave context and TV Left On context, and execute an evaluation to prove the effectiveness of this proposal.

Effects of Time-Constraint in Web-Based Reading on Reading Performance and Reading Speed.

김혜숙 팬코리아영어교육학회 2008 영어교육연구 Vol.20 No.2

This experimental study aimed to investigate the benefits of using a web-based reading curriculum on Korean university students’ reading performance and reading speed. Two research questions are explored in the study: (1) Does time-constraint in web-based reading affect reading performance? (2) Does time-constraint in web-based reading affect task completion time of reading performance? A sample of 62 university students was assigned to receive web-based reading instruction with or without time-constraint when reading texts on computers. Analysis of students' reading performance indicated that all students significantly improved reading skills on the web although the students who practiced reading under time-constraint did not improve as much as those who practiced without time-constraint. However, the significant differences were not shown in the task completion time. Time-constraint was not revealed as a variable of reading speed on the web between the groups. On the basis of the findings, the effects and educational implications are discussed in relation to time-constraint of web-based reading.

Finite-time sliding surface constrained control for a robot manipulator with an unknown deadzone and disturbance

Ik Han, Seong,Lee, Jangmyung Elsevier 2016 ISA transactions Vol.65 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper presents finite-time sliding mode control (FSMC) with predefined constraints for the tracking error and sliding surface in order to obtain robust positioning of a robot manipulator with input nonlinearity due to an unknown deadzone and external disturbance. An assumed model feedforward FSMC was designed to avoid tedious identification procedures for the manipulator parameters and to obtain a fast response time. Two constraint switching control functions based on the tracking error and finite-time sliding surface were added to the FSMC to guarantee the predefined tracking performance despite the presence of an unknown deadzone and disturbance. The tracking error due to the deadzone and disturbance can be suppressed within the predefined error boundary simply by tuning the gain value of the constraint switching function and without the addition of an extra compensator. Therefore, the designed constraint controller has a simpler structure than conventional transformed error constraint methods and the sliding surface constraint scheme can also indirectly guarantee the tracking error constraint while being more stable than the tracking error constraint control. A simulation and experiment were performed on an articulated robot manipulator to validate the proposed control schemes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Design an assumed model feedforward finite-time sliding mode controller for a robot manipulator system. </LI> <LI> Design a finite-time sliding mode controller with a tracking error constraint. </LI> <LI> Design a finite-time sliding mode controller with a sliding surface constraint. </LI> <LI> Design a finite-time sliding mode controller with tracking error and sliding surface constraint controls without requiring an extra deadzone compensator. </LI> </UL> </P>

Differences in the Control of Anticipation Timing Response by Spatio-temporal Constraints

Seok-Hwan LEE(Seok-Hwan LEE),Sangbum PARK(Sangbum PARK) 한국스포츠과학회 2023 스포츠과학연구(JSAS) Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the control process to satisfy spatial and temporal constraints imposed upon the anticipation timing response by analyzing the effect of spatio-temporal accuracy demands on eye movements, response accuracy, and the coupling of eye and hand movements. Research design, data, and methodology: 12 right-handed male subjects participated in the experiment and performed anticipation timing responses toward a stimulus moving at three velocities (0.53m/s, 0.66m/s, 0.88m/s) in two task constraint conditions (temporal constraint, spatial constraint). During the response, response accuracy and eye movement patterns were measured from which timing and radial errors, the latency of saccade, fixation duration of the point of gaze (POG), distance between the POG and stimulus, and spatio-temporal coupling of the POG and hand were calculated. Results: The timing and radial errors increased with increasing stimulus velocity, and the spatio-temporal constraints led to larger timing errors than the temporal constraints. The latency of saccade and the temporal coupling of eye and hand decreased with increasing stimulus velocity and were shorter and longer respectively in the spatio-temporal constraint condition than in the temporal constraint condition. The fixation duration of the POG also decreased with increasing stimulus velocity, but no difference was shown between task constraint conditions. The distance between the POG and stimulus increased with increasing stimulus velocity and was longer in the temporal constraint condition compared to the spatio-temporal constraint condition. The spatial coupling of eye and hand was larger with the velocity 0.88m/s than those in other velocity conditions. Conclusions: These results suggest that differences in eye movement patterns and spatio-temporal couplings of stimulus, eye and hand by task constraints are closely related with the accuracy of anticipation timing responses, and the spatial constraints imposed may decrease the temporal accuracy of response by increasing the complexity of perception-action coupling.

여가제약 연구의 비판적 고찰: 시간과 돈이 없어서 여가를 즐기지 못하는가?

박형석,박정열 여가문화학회 2012 여가학연구 Vol.10 No.1

The main reason why people are unable to enjoy their leisure time in the vast majority of studies on leisure constraints has been discovered to be because of the lack of time and financial burden. However, it is difficult to discover a empirical study that proved whether people were unable to enjoy their leisure time actually owing to the lack of time and money. This study empirically verified if the major reasons why people can’t enjoy are lack of time and financial burden. In addition, this study looked into characteristics of people enjoying their leisure despite lack of time and money. The findings are as follows. First, respondents who said they cannot enjoy their leisure due to lack of time relatively had lack of leisure time on weekdays. Second, those who answered they cannot enjoy their leisure due to lack of money also showed low family income. Third, people with time and money constraints didn’t really use more time and money negotiation strategies in order to overcome such constraints. Fourth, the difference in leisure satisfaction according to the level of time and money constraints was not found. Fifth, among those who felt time and money constraints, people who enjoy their leisure used more time and money negotiation strategies in order to get over those constraints. Furthermore they had more positive leisure attitudes and developed leisure skills. Based on the above findings, the implications of this study was discussed. 여가제약과 관련한 대다수의 연구들에서 사람들이 여가를 즐기지 못하는 주요한 이유는 시간 부족과 경제적 부담으로 조사되었다. 그러나 정말 사람들이 시간과 돈이 없어서 여가를 즐기지 못하는 것인지를 확인한 연구는 찾아보기 어렵다. 이에 본 연구는 과연 사람들이 여가를 즐기지 못하는 주요한 이유가 시간부족과 경제적 부담이 맞는 것인지를 실증적으로 검증하였다. 아울러 시간이 부족하고 경제적으로 여유가 없는 사람들 중에서도 여가를 잘 즐기는 사람들은 어떠한 특성을 가지고 있는지를 살펴보았다. 그 결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시간이 부족해서 여가를 즐기지 못한다고 응답한 사람들은 실제로도 그렇지 않은 사람들에 비해 평일 여가시간이 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 경제적인 여유가 없어서 여가를 즐기지 못한다고 응답한 사람들 역시 실제로 가구소득이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 시간제약과 금전제약을 가진 사람들은 이러한 제약을 극복하기 위하여 더 많은 시간협상전략이나 금전협상전략을 사용하는 것은 아닌 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 시간제약과 금전제약의 정도에 따른 여가만족도의 차이는 발견되지 않았다. 다섯째, 시간제약과 금전제약을 느끼는 사람들 중에서도 여가를 잘 즐기는 사람들은 시간제약과 금전제약을 극복하기 위하여 더 많은 협상전략을 사용하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 협상전략 이외에도 여가에 대한 긍정적인 태도를 가지고 있으며, 여가 기술이 더 발달해 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 함의에 대하여 논의하였다.

Effects of Time-constraint in Web-based Reading on Reading Performance and Reading Speed

Hea-Suk Kim 팬코리아영어교육학회(구 영남영어교육학회) 2008 영어교육연구 Vol.20 No.2

This experimental study aimed to investigate the benefits of using a web-based reading curriculum on Korean university students’ reading performance and reading speed. Two research questions are explored in the study: (1) Does time-constraint in web-based reading affect reading performance? (2) Does time-constraint in web-based reading affect task completion time of reading performance? A sample of 62 university students was assigned to receive web-based reading instruction with or without time-constraint when reading texts on computers. Analysis of students" reading performance indicated that all students significantly improved reading skills on the web although the students who practiced reading under time-constraint did not improve as much as those who practiced without time-constraint. However, the significant differences were not shown in the task completion time. Time-constraint was not revealed as a variable of reading speed on the web between the groups. On the basis of the findings, the effects and educational implications are discussed in relation to time-constraint of web-based reading.

여가스포츠 참여자의 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 여가제약 유형화 연구

신규리(Kyu Lee Shin),오세숙(Sae Sook Oh) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2009 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.33 No.4

The objectives of this study were to the analysis and classification of leisure constraints that male and female adults have during the leisure sports activities, and elucidation of distinctive characteristics among the categorized groups of leisure constraints according to the variables in sociology of population. 944 surveys were analyzed as valid samples. The statistical analyses used in this study were frequency, factor analysis, reliability, K-mean cluster analysis and Cross-Tabs analysis. According to these analyses, it was concluded that the leisure constraints were categorized into four groups, interpersonal constraints(I), structural constraints(II), time/structural constraints(III) and time/interpersonal constraints(IV). The frequency of the leisure constraint groups in accordance with the characteristics of sociology of population were significantly different in gender and annual household income. Time/structural constraints were the most frequent to both males and females sampled in this study, followed by time/interpersonal, interpersonal, and structural constraints in order of frequency. Likewise, the same result were obtained in the case of annual household income. The categorized groups of leisure constraints that leisure sports participants have, which were analyzed and classified by this study may be employed to effectively assess the conditions related to leisure activities of the participants in leisure education and consulting. Consequently, this study will make it possible to plan the entire leisure education programs in detail and effectively.

A Timing Constraint Search Technique for a TMO based Real-time Process

Jeong, Yoon-Seok,Kim, Tae-Wan,Han, Sun-Young,Chang, Chun-Hyon Korea Information Processing Society 2006 Journal of information processing systems Vol.2 No.1

Finding a valid timing constraint is one of the most important issues in the real-time monitoring area. To get the valid timing constraint, a developer executes a real-time process and changes the constraint on a regular basis. This is an exhaustive and time-consuming process. To improve this approach, we propose a timing constraint search technique. This technique uses two load models and one condition proposed in this paper to support the developer in determining the valid timing constraint range in an easy and systematic manner.

시간 제한이 직접식 영작문과 번역식 영작문에 끼치는 영향

마선미(Ma Sun Mi) 한국통번역교육학회 2018 통번역교육연구 Vol.16 No.1

This study investigates the effects of time constraints on college students’ direct English writing and English translation performance. The research was conducted with 124 college students on their four English writing projects across four conditions: (1) Low Intermediate Group with time constraints, (2) Advanced Group with time constraints, (3) Low Intermediate Group without time constraints, (4) Advanced Group without time constraints. Each group finished two direct English writing projects and two English translation projects. This study revealed that with more time given, all groups performed better in organization, contents, and vocabulary, and also, they made fewer errors when they were provided with more time. However, there was no difference on certain grammar items such as nouns and word order between limited time groups and no time limit groups.