봉정사 극락전의 목조 결구방법에 관한 연구

정연상,이상해 대한건축학회 2006 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.22 No.4

This study examines the connecting method of wooden architecture found through the restoration process of Geuklakjeon (極樂殿) Hall of Bongjeongsa (鳳停寺) Temple in Korea, which was constructed in Goryeo(918-1392) Dynasty. This research also deals with the characteristics of the structure and construction method through the findings of the connecting method. The scope of the study is on the column, the bracket set, and the frame structure of Geuklakjeon Hall.On Geuklakjeon Hall, column is connected with sill(下引枋) and penetrating tie(昌枋). Joints used between column and sill are tenon(丈夫), double tenon(雙丈夫), and dovetailed double tenon joint. Joints used between column and penetrating tie are tenon and Sagwae(cross joint). Joints used between each penetrating tie are stepped dovetailed joint and halved joint. In the structure of Geuklakjeon Hall, it was found that front·rear and left·right side of the building used the different connecting method. It is due to the reason that side of the hall and inner part structured with the middle height of columns(中高柱) is different. The frame structures such as main beams(大樑), end beams(宗樑), middle bracket posts(包童子柱), are connected with the joint and splice method. The center bay and side elevation bay are constructed with the different frame and construction method. In particular, the frame structure of the side has tall column(高柱) which is connected with beams and penetrating ties. Through the study mentioned above, it is found that the connecting methods are highly related with the plan, structure, and construction method to construct a building

드라이빙핀이 사용된 강재의 기계적 특성

김원일(Kim Won-Il),정용훈(Jung Yong-Hoon),황성철(Hwang Sung-Chul),양일승(Yang Il-Seung),김순철(Kim Soon-Chul) 대한건축학회 2008 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.28 No.1(구조계)

Metallurgical connection methods, such as stud weld and puddle weld, have been used for a long time to attach a steel beam and a steel deck. Recently, the mechanical connection method has been used as an alternative to the metallurgical connection method. This method uses the explosive power of gunpowder to instantaneously drive a pin to combine a steel deck and a steel beam. This mechanical connection method has many advantages over metallurgical connection methods. First of all, a power supply is unnecessary and there are no concerns about an electrical accident. However, the handling of the mechanical connection method takes severs caution. Since the sound at the time of installation is loud, discretion is needed in a quiet place. Above all, when a pin is installed in a steel beam, the cross-section of the steel beam is reduced. Therefore, the effect of the pin on the tensile properties of the steel beam is the focus of this research. The main parameters are steel plate thickness, notch thickness, steel type, and damage types, that is, non-damage, drilled hole, and driving pin. This research supplies the fundamental data to the design criterion of this mechanical method by clarifying the influence of the mechanical method on the tensile property of the structural steel member. In a results, the strength and stiffness specimens using driving pin was raised but decreased deformation capacities and elongation.

Comparison of Component Method with Experimental Tests for Flush End-Plate Connections using Hot-Rolled Perwaja Steel Sections

Mahmood Md. Tahir,Mohd Azman Hussein,Arizu Sulaiman,Shahrin Mohamed 한국강구조학회 2009 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.9 No.2

A component method has been introduced by Steel Construction Institute to predict the moment resistance of partial strength connection. The design philosophy is taken directly from Eurocode 3 with strength checks on bolts, welds, and steel which have been modified to comply with BS 5950-1:2000. The accuracy of the method however needs to be validated with the experimental tests especially for hot-rolled sections other than typical British Section (BS). Six experimental tests on beamto- column connections have been carried out for Flush End-Plate (FEP) connections consisting of variable parameters such as thickness of end-plate, size and number of bolts, size of columns, and beams. The tests were set-up using local hot-rolled steel sections known as Perwaja Section (PS) for beams and columns instead of typical British Section (BS). The strength of materials for end-plate, column and beam sections were tested for tensile strength and used in predicting the moment resistance for component method. The moment versus rotation of the test results were plotted and compared with the moment resistance derived from component method. The study concluded that the moment resistance of the tested flush end-plate connections was higher than the predicted moment resistance from component method which showed good agreement between the two moments. The study also concluded that the tested FEP connections met the requirements and criteria of partial strength connections. A component method has been introduced by Steel Construction Institute to predict the moment resistance of partial strength connection. The design philosophy is taken directly from Eurocode 3 with strength checks on bolts, welds, and steel which have been modified to comply with BS 5950-1:2000. The accuracy of the method however needs to be validated with the experimental tests especially for hot-rolled sections other than typical British Section (BS). Six experimental tests on beamto- column connections have been carried out for Flush End-Plate (FEP) connections consisting of variable parameters such as thickness of end-plate, size and number of bolts, size of columns, and beams. The tests were set-up using local hot-rolled steel sections known as Perwaja Section (PS) for beams and columns instead of typical British Section (BS). The strength of materials for end-plate, column and beam sections were tested for tensile strength and used in predicting the moment resistance for component method. The moment versus rotation of the test results were plotted and compared with the moment resistance derived from component method. The study concluded that the moment resistance of the tested flush end-plate connections was higher than the predicted moment resistance from component method which showed good agreement between the two moments. The study also concluded that the tested FEP connections met the requirements and criteria of partial strength connections.

Modelling Uncertainties and Sensitivity Analysis of Landslide Susceptibility Prediction under Different Environmental Factor Connection Methods and Machine Learning Models

Faming Huang,Haowen Xiong,Xiaoting Zhou,Filippo Catani,Jinsong Huang 대한토목학회 2024 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.28 No.1

The utilization of different connection methods between landslides and environmental factors introduces uncertainty in landslide susceptibility prediction (LSP). Investigating and identifying the characteristics of this uncertainty and determining more suitable connection methods are of significant importance for LSP. This study uses original 12 environmental factors data as well as calculated data from five connection methods, namely, probability statistics (PS), frequency ratio (FR), information volume (IV), index of entropy (IOE), and weight of evidence (WOE), as model input variables. Then, four machine learnings logistic regression (LR), Bayesian networks (BN), support vector machines (SVM) and C5.0 Decision Trees (C5.0 DT) are combined with the calculated data and the original data to create 24 unique combinations of connection methods and models. Under these 24 combinations, the uncertainty analysis of LSP modeling is conducted, using Huichang County of China as an example. The analysis entails accuracy assessment, statistical analysis of landslide susceptibility indexes (LSIs), distribution patterns of LSIs and sensitivity analysis of the two uncertainty issues. The results show that: 1) LSP accuracies of the FR-, IV- and IOE-based models are comparable, but are lower than those of the WOE-based models, with those of the PS-based models being the worst. WOE has better nonlinear connection performance than the other methods. 2) LSP accuracies of individual models are slightly lower than those of coupled models, but their modeling efficiencies are higher than those of coupled models. 3) The machine learning is more sensitive than the connection method for LSP. In short, WOE-C5.0 DT has the lowest LSP uncertainty while a single machine learning can produce satisfied LSP results with high modelling efficiency.

초등학교 수학 수업에 나타난 수학적 연결의 대상과 방법 분석

김유경 ( Yu Kyung Kim ),방정숙 ( Jeong Suk Pang ) 한국수학교육학회 2012 수학교육 Vol.51 No.4

Given the importance of mathematical connections in instruction, this paper analyzed the objects and the methods of mathematical connections according to the lesson flow featured in 20 elementary lessons selected as effective instructional methods by local educational offices in Korea. Mathematical connections tended to occur mainly in the introduction, the first activity, and the sum-up period of each lesson. The connection between mathematical concept and procedure was the most popular followed by the connection between concept and real-life context. The most prevalent method of mathematical connections was through communication, specifically the communication between the teacher and students, followed by representation. Overall it seems that the objects and the methods of mathematical connections were diverse and prevalent, but the detailed analysis of such cases showed the lack of meaningful connection. These results urge us to investigate reasons behind these seemingly good features but not-enough connections, and to suggest implications for well-connected mathematics teaching.

드라이빙핀이 사용된 구조용 강재의 인장특성

양일승(Yang Il-Seung),최성모(Choi Sung-Mo) 대한건축학회 2010 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.26 No.3

Metallurgical connection methods, such as stud weld and puddle weld, have been used for a long time to attach a steel beam and a steel deck. Power actuated fasteners in sort of mechanical methods have appeared to be an alternative to metallurgical methods in the connection of a structural steel member and a thin steel plate. Power actuated fasteners can be driven by power actuated tools or by pneumatically driven tools. This mechanical connection method has many advantages over metallurgical connection methods. First of all, a power supply is unnecessary and there are no concerns about an electrical accident. However, the handling of the mechanical connection method takes severs caution. Since the sound at the time of installation is loud, discretion is needed in a quiet place. Above all, when a pin is installed in a steel beam, the cross-section of the steel beam is reduced. Therefore, the effect of the pin on the tensile properties of the steel beam is the focus of this research. The main parameters are steel plate thickness, notch size, steel type, and damage types, that is, non-damage, drilled hole, and driving pin. This research supplies the fundamental data to the design criterion of this mechanical method by clarifying the influence of the mechanical method on the tensile property of the structural steel member. In a test results, the strength of specimens using driving pin was not differenced that of normal specimen but decreased deformation capacities and elongation.

드라이빙핀이 사용된 구조용 강재의 인장특성

양일승,최성모 대한건축학회 2010 大韓建築學會論文集 Vol.26 No.3

<P>Metallurgical connection methods, such as stud weld and puddle weld, have been used for a long time to attach a steel beam and a steel deck. Power actuated fasteners in sort of mechanical methods have appeared to be an alternative to metallurgical methods in the connection of a structural steel member and a thin steel plate. Power actuated fasteners can be driven by power actuated tools or by pneumatically driven tools. This mechanical connection method has many advantages over metallurgical connection methods. First of all, a power supply is unnecessary and there are no concerns about an electrical accident. However, the handling of the mechanical connection method takes severs caution. Since the sound at the time of installation is loud, discretion is needed in a quiet place. Above all, when a pin is installed in a steel beam, the cross-section of the steel beam is reduced. Therefore, the effect of the pin on the tensile properties of the steel beam is the focus of this research. The main parameters are steel plate thickness, notch size, steel type, and damage types, that is, non-damage, drilled hole, and driving pin. This research supplies the fundamental data to the design criterion of this mechanical method by clarifying the influence of the mechanical method on the tensile property of the structural steel member. In a test results, the strength of specimens using driving pin was not differenced that of normal specimen but decreased deformation capacities and elongation.</P>

결정질 태양전지 모듈의 개선된 Connection Method

지양근(Ji Yang Geun),공지현(Kong Ji-Hyun),강기환(Kang Gi-Hwan),유권종(Yu Gwon-Jong),안형근(Ahn Hyung-Geun),한득영(Han Deuk-Young) 한국태양에너지학회 2009 한국태양에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.11월

In this paper, we measurement the resistance on the flat wire for PV module. There is some kind of flat wire that has different length and different contact area in the PV module. so we test the resistance on each case for analysis with common connection method. we measurement the electrical output characteristics and phenomenon of PV module that is applied new connetion method. by the result, The fill factor and electrical output characteristics on PV module are analyzed to getting better more then common connection method. Finally we recommend the developed connection method for diminishing of resistance on PV module. It enhance the electrical character more than common connection method.

A Novel Active Anti-islanding Method for Grid-connected Photovoltaic Inverter

Jung, Young-Seok,Choi, Jae-Ho,Yu, Gwon-Jong The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2007 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.7 No.1

This paper proposes a novel active frequency drift (AFD) method to improve the islanding detection performance with minimum current harmonics. To detect the islanding phenomenon of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters concerning the safety hazards and possible damage to other electric equipment, anti-islanding methods have been described. The AFD method that uses chopping fraction (cf) enables the islanding detection to drift up (or down) the frequency of the voltage during the islanding situation. However, the performance of the conventional AFD method is inefficient and causes difficulty in designing the appropriate cf value to meet the limit of harmonics. In this paper, the periodic chopping fraction based on a novel AFD method is proposed. This proposed method shows the analytical design value of cf to meet the test procedure of IEEE Std. 929-2000 with power quality and islanding detection time. To verify the validation of the proposed method, the islanding test results are presented. It is confirmed that the proposed method has not only less harmonic distortion but also better performance of islanding detection compared with the conventional AFD method.

A Generalized Analytical Method to Evaluate the Post-limit Properties of Joints in Bending Moment According to Eurocode3

Marzieh Obeydi,Maryam Daei,Mehran Zeynalian 한국강구조학회 2020 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.20 No.5

On the structural analysis, connection eff ects should be evaluated in terms of rotational stiff ness and ultimate strength; this makes it possible to obtain realistic behavior of the structure. In this research, a simple analytical evaluation is carried out to predict the behaviors of the connections as a bi-linear curve. Mechanical properties of the initial and the second parts of this curve are obtained by component-based method and a suggested classifi cation method, respectively. The component-based method represents a joint by using a combination of rigid and fl exible components. Each of the components is modeled by means of specifi c stiff ness and strength values and they are assembled together to obtain the initial mechanical properties of the joint. The suggested classifi cation method classifi es all the components in a connection into three groups based on comparing the ultimate and the design moment strength of each component with those of the connection. By considering this procedure, a new equation is proposed to determine joint post-limit rotational stiff ness. This simple and fast method is applicable to any type of joints regardless of profi le type and applied loading. The proposed method is applied to a bolted angle, an end-plate to rectangular hollow section column and two bolted end-plate beam-to-column connections. The results are compared with those obtained from some other analytical, numerical and experimental methods. The outputs confi rm that the proposed method is simpler, more accurate and less time consume than the other methods.