Existence of Taekwondo Spirit and Error in Identity

( Ji-hyuk Kim ) 한국체육학회 2016 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

Purpose: When we have a question about an object, we usually ask "what is ~?" and discuss its identity by prescribe by saying "it is ~". The concept of ``identity`` is often reverted to the concept of main agent, and is represented as dynamic rather than static. This is a possibly expression with premise that there is a comparison target that is the classifying basis between ego and the other. However, such identity is displayed variously in life in general, and it is not easy to grasp and define its meaning. Hence, the purpose of this study is to take a look at existing philosophical discussion on ``Taekwondo spirit`` with alerting viewpoint, and discuss whether it is a reasonable concept in establishing Taekwondo``s identity by properly corresponding to Taekwondo spirit, by grasping the limits and problems of Taekwondo spirit. Method: This study attempted to consider philosophical discussion that follows abstract existence of Taekwondo that is the object of ``idea`` to find the metaphysical identity of Taekwondo. In the process, this study attempted to take an alerting viewpoint because existing studies and literatures focused more on rather abstract and non-visual philosophical terms to describe Taekwondo rather than focusing on Taekwondo itself. Result: The term spirit is a concept that has difference in its general use, lexical meaning, and philosophical meaning. We observed that Taekwondo spirit has been understood and approached only with general and lexical use and meaning so far, based on the fact that it is usually described as ``Taekwondo``s fundamental meaning or purpose`` or ``fundamental and ideal human awareness contained in Taekwondo practice``. For example, many scholars who advocated Taekwondo spirit spared no effort to establish firm concept of Taekwondo spirit based on philosophical basis that has been traditionally passed on. However, most of them did not succeed in finding Taekwondo spirit, and just ended up dressing Taekwondo up with fancy clothes by addressing related theories that support their claims. Conclusion: Such decision brings us back to the researcher``s original intention; is there spirit in Taekwondo? However, if we agree that the term ``spirit`` is only allowed to humans, we are to find a big error in this question. That is, we would not be able to find spirit in a noun called ``Taekwondo``, but in the action, goal, and values in Taekwondo trainees practicing Taekwondo. This will be the accurate question to ask, and will give us the answer to our original question.

태권도장 활성화를 위한 시론적 논의

조춘환(Cho Chun-Hwan),임남균(Lim Nam-Kyun),이준호(Lee Jun-Ho) 세계태권도문화학회 2016 세계태권도문화학회지 Vol.- No.13

The purpose of this study is to suggest marketing strategies for vitalizing taekwondo studios. To attain the goal, ethnographic research was done with seven executives of Korea taekwondo Association and parents to figure out their complaints about the studios. To vitalize taekwondo studios, this study will provide discussions and marketing strategies. The subjects had an interview, and after transcribing their interview in general and discussing it, this author has gained following results: According to the general results of this study, first, environment in taekwondo studios is particularly more appropriate for children than other facilities to conduct physical activity. Since taekwondo training is scientific and systematical, children can attain physical development, social adaptability, sociality development, and emotional development. Also, with taekwondo, children can get character education, too, with a spirit of taekwondo. Second, taekwondo training helps elementary students to cultivate taekwondo skills and also have peer relationship at a taekwondo studio; therefore, they become more positive and vigorous and can realize sociality development righteously in colorful environment. In other words, taekwondo training allows them to be equipped with the sound body and soul. Third, taekwondo helps adolescents to have righteous character. It is a martial art aiding them to have just and righteous values. In addition, taekwondo lets them enhance physical self-efficacy and self-esteem with an indomitable spirit and helps them to be confident wherever they go. Fourth, for the middle-aged and late middle-aged, facilities like a shower or individual locker should be equipped as they demand those. Aside from taekwondo, programs like taekwon POPS, core training, or self-defense martial arts programs should be induced for physical beauty care. Lastly, for the aged, taekwondo is an exercise influencing their functional fitness, body composition, and vascular elasticity postiviely.

태권도 관련기관의 의무론

김지혁,유호윤 한국체육철학회 2009 움직임의철학 : 한국체육철학회지 Vol.17 No.3

This researcher has examined the philosophical understanding, and the function and responsibility of Taekwondo-related organizations such as Kukkiwon, World Taekwondo Federation, Korea Taekwondo Association, and Taekwondo Promotion Foundation. Furthermore, this research intends to focus on the direction of policy in relation to the duty and responsibility of each organization. It is not the intention of the research to determine the righteousness; rather it is the argument that the Taekwondo-related organizations have the dutiful regard and change of such consideration. Particularly in determining the responsibility, one must perform on the subjective rationality in the realm of Kant’s critique of practical reason. Even though the advisement of direction of policy ethics may be overwhelming, the researcher wishes for the organizations to use this research as an essential resource. This research conclusively offers the following as the duty for each organization: Kukkiwon as the administration of promotion test, Taekwondo research, and marketing, Korea Taekwondo Association as the Taekwondo motherland’s general operation and competition body, World Taekwondo Federation as the world competition and management of Taekwondo skill provisions, and the Taekwondo Promotion Foundation as the management of Taekwondo industry and the development and operation of Taekwondo Park. This, of course, is the researcher’s conclusively approach to the division of duty for the Taekwondo-related organizations. Nevertheless the four Taekwondo-related organizations must explicitly and clearly divide their duties for the imperative need of this martial art to accepted and appreciated as the cosmopolitan sport. 본 연구는 의무론(義務論)에 대한 철학적 해석과 태권도 관련기관(국기원, 세계태권도연맹, 대한태권도협회, 태권도진흥재단)의 기능 및 역할에 대해 살펴보았다. 따라서 결론적으로 태권도 관련기관 각 단체의 역할과 의무론적 의미를 둔 정책의 방향성에 초점을 두고자 한다. 그러나 연구자의 의도는 각 단체의 잘잘못을 논하기 위함이 아니라 본문에서 제시한 의무론의 논거를 통해 태권도 관련기관이 의무론적 사고를 지녀야한다는 사고의 변화를 위한 동기유발 차원의 목적을 두고 있다. 특히 의무를 규정하는 보편적인 형식이 칸트가 언급한 것처럼 “너의 의지(주관적인)의 준칙이 항상 동시에 보편적인(객관적인) 법칙 수립의 원리로서 타당할 수 있도록, 그렇게 행동하라”는 실천 법칙의 원칙처럼 의무 자체는 당사자의 주관적인 이성에 의해 행해지는 것이다. 때문에 연구자가 정책윤리의 방향성을 제시하는 것 그 자체에 다소 무리가 있을지라도 각 태권도 관련기관에서 변화를 위한 근본 자료로 활용되었으면 한다. 즉 국기원은 세계인의 태권도 본산으로서의 승단심사 업무와 태권도 연구 및 홍보, 태권도 모국의 태권도 전반업무와 경기단체로서의 대한태권도협회, 세계 각국을 대상으로 하는 태권도 국제경기의 운영과 태권도 기술보급의 역할로서의 세계태권도연맹, 정부의 정책전달 중재기관으로서, 그리고 태권도 산업과 태권도공원의 설립 및 운영에 관한 업무는 태권도진흥재단의 역할로 분담하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 사료된다. 물론 이 연구에서 논의한 내용은 연구자 개인의 역할분담론일 수 있다. 그러나 무도스포츠로서 전 세계인의 사랑을 받는 태권도가 되기 위해서는 태권도 관련기관 4자간의 명쾌한 역할 분담만이 절대적인 명제임을 인식해야 할 것이다.

군 태권도의 의미와 역할 탐색

안용규,정주섭 한국체육철학회 2012 움직임의철학 : 한국체육철학회지 Vol.20 No.3

The purpose of this study is to examine the track of military Taekwondo, which had a leading role in activating and diffusing Taekwondo,to break down the problem of stagnation and training method of military Taekwondo systematically, and to provide activation method in order to generally activate Taekwondo by giving appropriate role, expanding internal effect on raising the morale of soldiers, and enhancing the power of national defense. As a result, present use of Taekwondo as an index of evaluation of the army must be sublated, and a new activation plan for military Taekwondo, which corresponds to the purpose of modernized army is required. As for the plan, first, complementary relationship of Taekwondo, military Taekwondo, and communal Taekwondo must be established through systematic settlement. Second, active and creative operation skills must be cultivated by raising progressive attitude through Taekwondo. Lastly, by having distinct training method that is appropriate to the army, internal and external values of Taekwondo must be used as a tonic in life in the barracks. 이 연구의 목적은 태권도의 보급 및 활성화에 주도적인 역할을 해왔고, 태권도 세계화에 초석이 되었던 군 태권도의 발자취를 되짚어 봄으로써, 현재 군 태권도의 침체 원인과 훈련방법에 대한 문제점을 구조적으로 해체하여 군 태권도의 활성화 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 특히 국방력 증강 및 병사들의 사기진작에 대한 태권도의 내적 효과를 증대하고 그 올바른 역할을 제시함으로 태권도의 전반적인 활성화에 기여하고자 하였다. 그 결과 현재와 같이 태권도가 군에 대한 평가의 지표로 활용되는 것은 지양해야 하며, 현대화된 군대의 목적에 부합하는 새로운 군 태권도 활성화 방안이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 그 방안으로는 첫째로 태권도, 군 태권도, 사회태권도의 구조적 확립을 통한 상호보완적 관계가 성립되어야 하며, 둘째로는 군 태권도의 태권도교육을 통한 진보주의적 사고태도를 함양하여 정형화된 사고에 틀에서 벗어나 능동적이고 창의적인 작전수행 능력을 길러야 한다. 마지막으로 군 태권도의 역할에 맞는 차별화 교육을 통해 태권도의 내․외적 가치를 교육함으로써 장병들의 병영생활에 활력소 역할을 수행해야 할 것이다.

인문,사회과학편 : 한국 태권도 영화의 시대별 변화와 특성

김이슬(YiSeulKim),김주연(JooYounKim) 한국체육학회 2014 한국체육학회지 Vol.53 No.5

The cultural aspect of Taekwondo is receiving very positive response as well with its popular cultural elements. Specially, movies on Taekwondo started receiving attention since the Taekwondo competition started to progress in 1960’s. The Taekwondo movies spread to the public while exhibiting various characteristics from 1960’s to 2000’s and became a cultural connecting link for Taekwondo to interact with the public. The chronological history process and characteristics of Korean Taekwondo culture examined through the flow of Taekwondo movie are as follows. First, the Taekwondo movie was first introduced in 1960’s. Secondly, the Taekwondo movies were a box office hit in 1970’s. As total 17 Taekwondo movies were produced in 1970’s alone, the box office success of Taekwondo movies reached its peak along with the popularity of Taekwondo. Thirdly, the Taekwondo movies of 1980’s became invigorated under the influence of the development of Taekwondo game as a demonstration sport in the 1988 Seoul Olympics. Fourthly, Taekwondo became a daily life sport in 1990’s, the number of children trainees increased and Taekwondo movies chose themes for children as the main topic. Fifthly, the Taekwondo movies in 2000’s directly suggested the humanistic educational aspect.

Cloud IoT-Oriented Neural Network-Based Taekwondo Teaching Scheme

Shuqun Qu 한국멀티미디어학회 2024 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.11 No.1

As Taekwondo is widely accepted, there is a rapid increase in Taekwondo learners. Traditional Taekwondo teaching mode is challenging to meet the increasing educational needs. In Taekwondo teaching, in addition to teaching the basic skills of combat, Taekwondo Poomsae teaching is also required. The quality of Taekwondo Poomsae learning is critical to the overall strength of Taekwondo. For a long time, the judgment of the quality of Poomsae action has relied on the manual evaluation of teachers, which could be more conducive to forming an objective and accurate quality score. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce in-depth learning to find new solutions to these problems. First, a multi-sensor data fusion method is proposed to collect Taekwondo Poomsae action. Then, a Taekwondo Poomsae expertise integrated multiview feature extraction method is proposed. Finally, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-Mogrifier Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is proposed to train the generated Taekwondo Poomsae action scoring model, identifying whether Taekwondo Poomsae action meets the standard and improve Taekwondo teaching. The effect test of Taekwondo Poomsae action intelligent evaluation shows that the results of the proposed method follow the evaluation given by the teachers, and the discrimination of the scores is moderate, which indicates that the proposed method has good Taekwondo Poomsae action quality evaluation ability. Furthermore, the experimental results show that CNNMogrifier LSTM achieves high recognition accuracy of Taekwondo Poomsae, gives comprehensive evaluation and improvement suggestions for action completion quality, breaks away from the restrictions of teachers and venues, and realizes automatic and smart Taekwondo teaching.

계간 태권도지(誌)의 변천과 역사적 의미: 제1∼99호를 중심으로

강유진 ( Kang Yu-jin ),나영일 ( Na Young-il ) 한국체육사학회 2021 체육사학회지 Vol.26 No.4

This study analyzed Quarterly Taekwondo Magazines(Vol.1∼99) and examined the characteristics and changes in composition and content. Quarterly Taekwondo Magazines are composed of friendship text, informative text, persuasive text, and emotional text. Over time, the details of the four texts continued to appear, disappear, or newly created, showing the characteristics and roles of Quarterly Taekwondo magazines. The 1970s was a period of strengthening the internal stability of Taekwondo in Korea, and the 1980s focused on the internationalization and globalization of Taekwondo games. Since the 1990s, the focus has been on the Taekwondo scene in Korea, and readers have also expanded from existing Taekwondo people to children and families. Through changse in the composition and content of Quarterly Taekwondo Magazines, it is possible to understand the modern and comtemporary history of Taekwondo. And It is necessary to reconsider the value of Taekwondo Magazines as a historical material.

태권도 태극품새와 가라테 카타 평안의 기술체계 분석

엄재영(Um, Jae-Young),이재봉(Lee, Jae-Bong) 세계태권도문화학회 2016 세계태권도문화학회지 Vol.- No.13

This thesis is to compare Taekwondo s Teageuk Poomsae and Karate Kata Pingan to analyse relation between these two in order to show what are the similarities and differences. Therefore, new Poomsae can be designed to fulfill the needs of new era. Thesis uses purposeful sampling and gathers 3 Karate experts who holds more than 5th degree black belt in Taekwondo. They were to discuss between TaeKondo and Karate with more than five times, and brought up their opinions on both martial art. Also research on the thesis is based on not only new theory but also old Korean martial writing materials. The results are as below. First, Taegeuk Poomsae is form to fulfill the needs of Minster of Education to be used and a physical education program in middle and high school. However, it is also to be used as training program in Taekwondo Do-Jang to teach beginners and trainees. Kata Pingan is also created by Itos Yasutsune with same purpose in order to follow Japan s national P.E. program planning. In 1905, Okinawa 1st Middle School and Okinawa school of education made Karate as official program. Because of this, Pinan do excluded lethal technique such as attacks a vital point or turning over joints. Even though, Taegeuk and Pinan was made with similar purpose there is no evidence that one is used the other in its forming. Second, system of Taeguek and Pinan is similar. However, its technique is very different. Taeguek includes Dollyeochgi, pyojeokchagi, ieochagi Ttwieochagi, Dubaldangseongchagi and etc... Kata Pinan does not have above high level kick technique. Taekwondo has Bakkanmakgi, Dollyeochgi, and Apseogi which Karate Kata doesn t have. It means that Taekwondo and Karate have close system but not the techniques according to the research of this thesis. Third, kicking technique of Taekwondo has been traditional Korean style ever since Chosun period as it written in the book Haedongjukji and Taekwondo in modern history and the new controversy. Pinan has low kick and body kick. However, there is no head kick or any other high kicks in the Kata according to study of this thesis. Forth, Taekwondo took some of Karate Kata s system and structure. and rules. However, after Japanese colonial era, Taekwondo re-organized as Korean martial art and developed rapidly. Fifth, in 1960 s Taekwondo has better practical technique and it is proved by its competition style. Karate used Sundome. This means that an attacker stops his or her striking before the target. Taekwondo, on the other hand, made a rule of full powered real striking to targets and show its unique style of fighting to the world. Taekwondo is so powerful that people had to wear bamboo protecting gear and now Electronic protecting gear is developed. Later this became Hogu and electronic Hogu. Lastly, with the study of color belt level Poomsae, study on black belt Poomsae can be more expected next. To improve Poomsae in Taekwondo, new and better Poomsae must be made soon. The new Poomsae must include higher level kicking techniques to characterize Taekwondo s style stronger. Also there is no Pommsae-Pulee for Taegeuk, therefore, there should be more study on the matter.

태권도 지도자의 태권도 역사인식과 교육에 대한 사례연구

김주영 대한무도학회 2019 대한무도학회지 Vol.21 No.3

Taekwondo which has been recognized as the national flag of Korea, was finally recognized for its legal status in March of this year. The designation of the Taekwondo flag is necessary to respond to the Northeast Asia Project and to maintain the identity of Taekwondo. The purpose of this study is to discuss the development direction of Taekwondo leaders based on their examples of Taekwondo history recognition and education. The research method was an in-depth interview with three experts who have worked in Taekwondo-related institutions in G Metropolitan City and have more than 10 years of leadership experience. Problems of Taekwondo leaders were the lack of interest and interest in history, the development of athletes for the performance and qualification, the sports culture based on physical activity, and the lack of a standardized Taekwondo history education program. Also, the solution was to find meaningful measures such as change of qualification system, development of history education program, establishment of Taekwondo cultural heritage, Taekwondo history education through formal curriculum, and conversion of Taekwondo history awareness. This effort is expected to provide practical information to the leaders of Taekwondo hall, universities, and Taekwondo organizations and is expected to be used as an important basis for constructing educational policies. 그동안 한국의 국기(國技)로 인식되고 있던 태권도가 마침내 올해 3월에 법적 지위를 인정받았다. 태권도 국기 지정은 태권도 동북공정에 대응하고, 태권도의 정체성을 유지하기 위해서 반드시 필요하다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 태권도 지도자의 태권도 역사 인식과 교육에 대한 사례를 바탕으로 발전 방향을 논의하는데 있다. 연구 방법은 G광역시 태권도 관련 기관에 근무하며 10년 이상의 지도자 경력을 가진 3명의 전문가를 대상으로 심층면담을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 태권도 지도자 실태의 문제점은 역사에 대한 관심과 흥미 부족, 편협적인 선수 육성, 신체활동 중심의 스포츠 문화, 태권도 역사 교육프로그램의 부재 등으로 나타났다. 그리고 이에 따른 해결 방안으로는 자격제도의 변화와 역사 교육프로그램 개발, 태권도 문화유산 구축, 정규 교육과정을 통한 태권도 역사 교육 그리고 태권도 역사 인식의 전환과 같은 의미 있는 방안들을 모색하였다. 이러한 노력은 태권도장과 대학 그리고 태권도 단체의 지도자에게 실질적인 정보 제공이 가능하며, 이를 위한 교육 정책 구성에도 중요한 근거로 활용될 수 있을 것을 기대한다.

Research on the Difficulty of 9th Level Dan Promotion Test of Taekwondo

Seongkon Choi,Hyoungkeun Oh J-INSTITUTE 2022 International Journal of Martial Arts Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the essential Poomsae difficulty of Taekwondo 9th level Dan promotion test with the awareness of the problem. This will help standardize the Taekwondo curriculum in order to meet the Taekwondo education goals pursued by the Kukkiwon, the headquarters of the World Taekwondo. Method: The literature research and in-depth interviews with people to be tested were performed to analyze the difficulty of essential Poomsae of Taekwondo 9th Dan promotion test. Results: As a result of questioning and analyzing the level of difficulty of the 9th level Dan promotion winner, it was concluded that the level of difficulty of Illyo Poomsae of the 9th level Dan promotion test is not appropriate. Courses to be completed for Color and Black Belts must comply with the completion time of the essential course and the selection course. Basic courses for Black Belt (Poomsae, breaking, sparring, and KTA personality) must be completed as mandatory courses, and in-depth courses (KTA self-defence techniques, KTA practical hand skills, and KTA core exercises) must be assigned. Conclusion: It is thought that Taekwondo 9th level Dan, the highest stage of the competition held at the Kuk-kiwon of the World Taekwondo Headquarters, should be educated to learn, guide, and evaluate Taekwondo ac-cording to the standard curriculum. However, the standardized Taekwondo curriculum should be distributed in consideration of the current Taekwondo training population, where the standardized Taekwondo curriculum has not been established. Taekwondo leaders will contribute to the educational use of Taekwondo by analyzing the essential Poomsae and curriculum of Taekwondo 9th level Dan promotion test and presenting the evaluation rules based on the Taekwondo standard curriculum.