선택의 자유와 권리의 상실: 체육특기자 동일계 지원 제도의 문제

이학준 한국스포츠인류학회 2007 스포츠인류학연구 Vol.0 No.2

This study focused on the freedom of department choice and right of learning between these system and student-athlete that contribute good life for student-athlete in the future. In this study, I criticize the unlawfulness admission examination for a sport talent at present. The groundless of critic logic have six reasons. first, A student-athlete have not right to choice freely departments at University. Second, It is losing right that a student-athlete learn freely for himself. Third, There are a problems that physical education departments have no choice but admit a student-athlete no studying talent. Forth, University give student-athlete to diploma without completion of a school course. Fifth, A student-athlete have not participate in class for graduation. Sixth, University have not control speciality class for student-athlete. In conclusion, We should solve the problems step by step by harmonizing choice and right, University and student-athlete for respect human and good life. This study was to criticizes the unlawfulness admission examination for a sport talent from the perspectives of human respect. This study focused on the freedom of department choice and right of learning between these system and student-athlete that contribute good life for student-athlete in the future. In this study, I criticize the unlawfulness admission examination for a sport talent at present. The groundless of critic logic have six reasons. first, A student-athlete have not right to choice freely departments at University. Second, It is losing right that a student-athlete learn freely for himself. Third, There are a problems that physical education departments have no choice but admit a student-athlete no studying talent. Forth, University give student-athlete to diploma without completion of a school course. Fifth, A student-athlete have not participate in class for graduation. Sixth, University have not control speciality class for student-athlete. In conclusion, We should solve the problems step by step by harmonizing choice and right, University and student-athlete for respect human and good life. This study was to criticizes the unlawfulness admission examination for a sport talent from the perspectives of human respect.

A Comparison of Kinaesthetic Sense in Athlete and Non-Athletic University Students

( Amin Gholami ),( Malihe Naimikia ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the athlete and non - athlete students` kinesthetic capacities. In this study two sub senses of kinaesthesia including force reproduction ability and Joint reposition sense of elbow compared between athlete and non-athletic university students Methods:145 male and female athletic students that participated at Iranian Sport Universiade, 2014 (from volleyball, basketball, taekwondo, wrestling and archery) and 137 male and female non - athlete students between 20 and 23 years old were selected as samples of this study. Most common protocol used in active joint repositioning methods includes repositioning of elbow into a reference position. Measurements start with positioning the measured elbow in a specific position. The subject was asked to try to remember the position of the joint. Then the elbow was passively returned into the starting position. After familiarizing the subject with the reference position, he was asked to move the limb into the most appropriate place to match the reference position. The difference between the two represents the measure of active joint position sense. In the accuracy of hand force reproduction test the subject was asked to produce a special force submaximal hand grip (i.e. 40% of their maximal force) and then reproduce 40% of maximal force without using visual or verbal feedback. The difference between the two represents the measure of the accuracy of hand force reproduction. A t-test for independent samples was utilized to analyze the mean error scores of the two groups. Result and conclusion: The results indicated a significant difference between athlete and non-athlete students in both sub senses of kinaesthesia (P≤0.05). Statistical analysis indicated that that NCAA Division I student-athletes possess superior visual skills when compared to non-athletes students.We found higher accuracy scores for two sub senses of kinaesthesia for athlete students compared with non-athletic university students.

한국과 호주의 양궁 학생선수 육성과정에 대한 사례연구

오교문,임용석 한국체육교육학회 2018 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.22 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to analyze the fostering process of archer student athletes in Korea and Australia. Methods: The research was conducted over three years in Korea and Australia. The researcher conducted the interviews from national archer candidate who are student athletes. Moreover, the researcher interviewed coaches and managers. For the observation, the researcher observed the student athletics’ training and living space; dormitory, rest and study room, training ground. All the interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, the data were analyzed by using the inductive method and themes were modified by classification analysis. Results: The results were categorized as following themes: (1) selection and procedure of archer student athletes were 'performance' and 'potential', (2) training environment were 'result' and 'process', (3) training plan and implement were 'top down’ and ‘bottom up’, (4) academic achievement run parallel with athletic performance were classified as student 'athlete' and 'student' athlete. These results were interpreted the different perspectives of promotion process of archer student athletes between Korea and Australia. Conclusion: This study suggests that first, in long-term perspective, the promotion process of student athletes should be invested not only for athletic performance but also for student athletes’ academic achievement. Second, the education supporting program which runs by Australia(ACE), which supports the student athletes’ by connecting the educational programs from nation, region, associations and schools, were needed. Finally, the promotion process should provide the environments and resources to supports student athletes to balance the academic and athletic performance. 이 연구의 목적은 한국 양궁국가대표 상비군과 호주 AIS 양궁프로그램 소속 학생선수 육성사례의 비교를 통해대한민국 학생선수 육성·지원에 대한 가능성 탐색을 위한 연구다. 자료의 수집은 한국의 양궁국가대표상비군과 호주 AIS의 양궁프로그램 소속 학생선수의 학업 공간, 훈련장, 기숙사, 휴게장소, 수업공간을 관찰했고, 학생선수, 지도자, 운동부 매니저를 면담했다. 수집된 자료는 영역분석과 분류분석의 절차를 거쳤다. 분석결과를통해 양국의 학생선수 육성과정은 ‘경기력과 잠재력’을 고려한 선발 기준과 절차, ‘결과와 과정’ 중심의 훈련환경제공, ‘top down과 bottom up'방식의 훈련 계획과 실행, 그리고 ‘선수와 학생선수’의 관점에서 학업병행과정 등을 범주화 할 수 있었다. 선수선발 기준과 절차는 ‘경기력’과 ‘잠재력’으로, 둘째, 훈련환경은 ‘결과’중심과‘과정’중심으로, 셋째, 훈련 계획과 실행은 ‘top down’과 ‘bottom up’으로, 넷째, 학업병행은 학생‘선수’와 ‘학생’선수로 나타났다. 이러한 차이는 선수의 경기력 중심으로 운영되는 한국의 양궁국가대표 시스템과 선수와학생의 두 가지 측면을 고려해 운영, 지원을 실시하는 호주 AIS의 양궁프로그램의 운영관점의 차이로 해석된다. 장기적 관점에서 학생선수를 육성·지원하기 위해서는 운동측면과 더불어 학업측면에도 투자해야한다. 둘째, 호주의 ACE와 같은 국가, 지역, 협회, 학교가 연계하는 학생선수 학업지원 프로그램의 도입이 필요하다. 셋째, 학생선수의 정상적인 운동과 학업병행을 위해서는 이를 위한 환경과 지원이 제공되어야 한다.

한국과 외국(미국, 독일, 일본) 초·중·고 학생 육상선수의 훈련시간과 훈련빈도 분석 및 적정훈련시간 모색

성은숙(Eun-Sook Sung),성봉주(Bong-Ju Sung) 한국발육발달학회 2018 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.26 No.4

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the training-intensity and training-frequency between korea, USA, Germany and Japan in student athletes. Athletes Self-Management Questionnaires about training contents (season vs. off season, training intensity, training frequency, nutrition, recovery time, injury history) were collected and foreign case of athlete (USA, Germany and Japan) were investigated from web-site and specialty publication. The training frequency and training time in korean athletes are 6 day/week, 1,300 min/week for elementary students, 6 day/week, 1,600 min/week for middle school students and 6 day/week, 2,000 min/week for high school students. The training frequency and training time in Japan athletes are 3 day/week, 120~180 min/week for elementary studens, 3 day/week, 540 min/week for middle school students and 6 day/week, 2,000 min/week for high school students. The training frequency and training time in USA athletes are 3 day/week, 33~99 min/week for elementary students and 4 day/week, 4 day/week, 99~280min/week for meddle school students. The training frequency and training time in Germany athletes are 3 day/week, 450min/week for elementary students, 3 day/week, 720min/week for meddle school students and 3~5 day/week, 720min/week for high school students. Student athletes answered that they have 4.7 times higher training time in whole training program and 1.5 times higher during vacation than trainer. In addition, there was no difference training time and training frequency pre and post competition. Korean student athlete have spent more training time and training frequency than foreign athletes (Japan, German and USA). It is very important point that athletic career can shorten without consideration of physiological characteristic. Based on foreign cases, it is necessary to provide new training program for korean student athletes.

학생선수 학습지원정책의 문제점과 개선방안

홍석호 한국체육정책학회 2013 한국체육정책학회지 Vol.11 No.4

The purpose of the study was to investigate outcomes and practical problems for middle school student athletes. In order to examine outcomes and practical problems of middle school student athletes policy this study focused on perspectives of coaches and teachers on how to update middle school student athletes policy. 2 coaches and 2 teachers of middle school that are located in different school district. Data were collected by in-depth interviews with participants of the study and documents such as the implementation reports. The analysis of data highlighted how this policy influenced on student-athletes' academic achievement and the changes of student-athletes‘ academic achievement and athletic performance. The result shows that student athletes positively impacted on both student athletes' academic achievement and athletic performance. But this study discusses controversial issues related to effectiveness of middle school student athletes policy for a stable settle down of this new policy, The results of the study will provide a theoretical background for policy supplementation. The significance of this study is the deduction of the effectiveness of the policy and matters to be improved for studying by soccer players from the opinions of the soccer coaches and students and instead of policy makers. The study for the female athletes, college students and other athletes and the study after completion of practice of minimum academic ability system, demonstrative project of the advanced school athletes teams operation system seem to be necessary.

인권으로 바라본 학생선수: 교육적 담론

홍덕기(Deock Ki Hong),류태호(Tae Ho Yu) 한국스포츠교육학회 2007 한국스포츠교육학회지 Vol.14 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 그동안 논의되지 못했던 인권의 관점에서 학생선수를 바라봄으로서 새로운 교육적 담론을 이끌어 내고, 반성적 차원에서 인간으로서의 존엄성이 얼마나 소중한지에 대한 깊이 있는 교육적 이해를 제공하는데 있다. 학생선수는 삶에서 ``이분법적 시간``, ``고립된 섬``, ``위계적-억압적 관계맺음``, ``승자독식``을 경험하면서 인권침해의 구조 속에 놓여있다. 그리고 학생선수의 삶의 구조의 기저에는 학생선수에 대해 ``공부와 운동은 병행할 수 없다.``와 ``체벌을 하면 운동기능이 향상된다.``는 2가지 고정관념이 존재한다. 인권의 관점에서 학생선수는 ``인간``, ``학생``, ``선수``로서의 삶을 산다. 이때 ``인간으로서의 존엄성``, ``학생으로서의 학습권``, ``선수로서의 스포츠기본권``이 전제되어야 한다. The purpose of this study was to explore new perspectives for the improvement or Korean student athletes` human rights. Korean student athletes had been deprived of human rights as a human being, the right to be educated as students, and the right to enjoy and participate in sports. They had been regarded not as human beings and students but as tools to win the game. Why had most Korean student athletes been under such an inhumane condition? First, there had been deep-rooted misconception that Korean student athletes could not accomplish their best records if they were to study and play at the same time. Second, since most sports leaders thought that winning is the highest goals, many of them used to use corporal punishments to stimulate their student athletes and their achievements. It is urgent to protect human rights of Korean student athletes. To do so, we must discourage most coaches` existing false viewpoints of student athletes and introduce new perspectives. It consists of three concepts. First, student athletes are human beings prior to athletes, so they should be protected from any kinds of violation of human rights. Second, their educational rights must not be taken away just because they are students prior to be athletes. Third, student athletes have rights to enjoy and participate in sports for the sake of sports not for the sake of winning. In conclusion, this study showed the serious violation of Korean student athletes` human rights, explored new paradigm of understanding student athletes, and suggested educational discourse to protect their human rights.

중학교 학생선수의 고입 내신 반영 제도 설계 방향

유정애,진연경,권민정 한국스포츠교육학회 2019 한국스포츠교육학회지 Vol.26 No.1

In 2017, Ministry of Education has introduced ‘the requirement of school grade’ reflection for student-athletes" in order to make student-athletes learn at schools since in 2021. Thus, the purpose of this study is to suggest the design for reflecting school grades of student-athletes to enter high schools so that it is guaranteed student-athletes’ rights to learn and established the system for growing student-athletes as future competent sport persons. For doing this, some cases were analyzed the entrance systems of both specialized high schools and specialized sport high schools for in Korea and in other countries such as Japan and Germany. Based on those analysis, this paper has given the name of this system like ‘Talented Sport Persons Selection System’. This naming means that our society recognized student-athletes as talented sport persons and viewed them as students before players. The entrance system emphasizes on ‘compulsory education’ as well as ‘common curriculum’ that student-athletes are able to take regular education at middle schools. Additionally, the system has tried to supplement two limitations. One is the required five subjects such as Korean, English, Mathematics, Social Studies, and Science, regardless of student-athletes’ interests, aptitude, and talents in any subjects. The other is un-educative element to make decisions whether student-athletes do or don’t reach to the minimum standards in academics comparing to non-student-athletes. This paper has suggested three semesters among six semesters, and the ratio of regular subjects(70%) and extra-curricular subjects(30%). There are four domains(total 6 subjects) in the regular subjects and there are twos(attendance and service). In particular, the system has suggested ‘Physical Education’ as the required subjects that means the recognition of student-athletes’ talents in sport areas. Moreover, it has facilitated their willingness and motivations to learn by guaranteing their choices to be reflected their preferred subjects in high school entrance system. Finally, it has implied the educational characteristics with learning accountability and service mind and promoted career planning for basic life competency of student-athletes. 2017년 교육부는 공부하는 체육특기자 육성을 위해 2021년부터 고입 체육특기자 선발 시 내신 성적 반영 의무화라는 내용을 발표하였다. 이에 본 글은 우리나라 중학교 학생선수들의 학습권을 보장하고 미래 체육 인재로 성장할 수 있는 시스템을 구축하기 위해 고입 내신 반영 제도의 설계 방향을 제시하는데 목적을 두 고 있다. 이를 위해 기존의 우리나라 특목고와 체육계열 고등학교 입시 전형 사례를 분석하였고, 더불어 선 진국(예: 일본, 독일)의 고입 제도를 사례로 탐색하였다. 이를 바탕으로, 본 연구에서는 공부하는 체육특기 자를 위한 중학교 학생선수의 고입 내신 제도명을 ‘체육인재선발전형’이라고 명명하였다. 이는 우리나라 중 학교 학생 선수를 체육인재로 존중하는 의미이며, 이들을 선수이기 전에 중학교 학생으로 바라보는 의미가 담겨 있다. 본 글에서 제안한 고입 내신 제도는 학생선수들이 의무교육이자 공통 교육인 중학교 교육과정 을 정상적으로 이수할 수 있는 시스템을 강조하였으며, 특정 교과를 필수로 지정하고 있는 최저학력제와, 상대평가로 최저학력의 도달여부를 판정하는 비교육적인 부분을 보완하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 내신 반 영 시기는 총 3개 학기이며, 교과와 비교과를 각각 70%와 30%로 설정하였다. 교과의 경우, 내신 반영 과목 을 4개 영역군(총 6개 과목)으로 구분하였으며, 비교과에는 출결과 봉사를 각각 포함하고 있다. 특히 본 내 신 제도는 중학교 학생 선수의 재능 분야를 인정하는 의미에서 체육교과를 필수로 반영하고, 학생 선수의 선택권을 보장함으로써 공부에 대한 의지와 동기를 유발하고자 하였다. 끝으로, 본 내신 반영 제도는 학생 선수의 생애기초역량 진로설계를 증진할 뿐만 아니라, 학습의 책무성과 봉사정신을 함양하는 교육적 특징 을 내포하고 있다.

학생운동선수 운동중단에 관한 체계적 문헌고찰

임희준(Lim, Hee-Jun),이은영(Lee, Eun-Young),마빈워싱턴(Washington, Marvin),이경준(Yi, Kyoung-June) 한국사회체육학회 2016 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.63

South Korean student athletes are able to enter university or college without an academic Grade Point Average (GPA), and with only their successes of tournament or competition. This is one of elite sport policies that occurs result-oriented nature for the elite sport in Korea. The result-oriented nature of the elite sport system forces athletes to specialize and over train from the early years, which potentially disregards their rights as students(e.g., taking part of universal education). This negatively affects the academic performance and future career aspirations of student athletes after they retire from the sport. Given that over 90% of Korean student athletes early retire and choose a non-sport career, it is important to extensively discuss the possible strategies to prevent student athletes from early retirement, and to develop a support system for student athletes who experienced early retirement. The purpose of this paper was to systematically review why the student athletes have early retired and what academia has discussed about the retirement in Korea. Furthermore, this paper will discuss future directions for elite athlete development by proposing potential implications and discussing the limitations of previous studies. The paper followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses(PRISMA). Finally, a total of 18 studies examining the reasons and the development plans for the retirement was searched by the protocol. As a result, the Korean student athletes early retire due to over training, injuries, future orientations, lack of enjoyment/fun/interest, stresses of training and/or competition, issues with peers and coaches, and lack of study time. The papers proposed strategies, such as educational attainment and career support programs for student athletes who early retire to improve their well-being. This report also found that early specialization is has a major impact on Korean student athletes’ early retirement. As the Korean sport literature has not discussed athlete development, this paper will suggest a new route that may positively influence upon the early retirement rate among Korean student athletes and can improve the elite sport system in Korea.

중도탈락 학생선수의 인권 및 학습권 보장에 관한 연구

김상범(Kim, Sang-Bum),김종성(Kim, Jong-Sung) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.3

The objective of this following study lies in offering alternative arrangements that can reform situations that violate human rights which arise when student athletes dropout of the athletic program. These alternatives were drawn from the structural problems of our country’s athletic departments and the situations dropout student athletes face based on students’ personal experiences. The questionnaire was distributed to 400 dropout student athletes currently enrolled in middle school and high school. Discrepancies in experience surfaced contingent to the t-test and ANOVA test results, student’s genders, grade years in school, GPAs, types of sports, years of experience in sports, family circumstances and retirement age. Dropout students seemed to live in disgrace with the stigma that follows a dropout athlete and faces the social barriers and constraints that segregates them from everyday life. The following four suggestions were constructed in response to the situations these dropout student athletes come to face with. First, supervision of the education system of school athletic departments is critical. Students’ fundamental human rights and education rights should be ensured through adequate platforms and supervision. Second, students’ education and learning should be properly supported and overseen. Education and learning are crucial elements to life after a student drops out of the athletic program. Structural changes need to take place so that practicing sports will not interfere with a student athlete’s education. Third, student athletes should receive decent character education. Educations in moral, civic, and social skills need improvement. Fourth, assistance measures for dropout student athletes should be put in place. Active measures that help alleviate the problems and difficulties these students undergo are urgently needed.

초등학교 운동부 학생과 일반 학생간의 태아기 성호르몬 노출의 추정 징후 비교

박미림,이동규 대한운동학회 2014 아시아 운동학 학술지 Vol.16 No.3

[PURPOSE] The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of 2D:4D(second digit to fourth digit ratio) as the subsidiary measure for expecting physical fitness when it comes to the recruiting student athletes. [METHOD] In order to achieve the goal of this study, the researcher visited 5 schools to measure 2D:4D of students. Sixty non-athletic students and 32 athletic club students were participated in this study. They were in 3rd and 4th grade from B, K, I, N and S elementary school located in Seoul D district. Software-based measurement was used to conduct this study which was strongly suggested to the highest precision estimates by Kemper & Schwerdtfeger(2009). Therefore electronic images of hands were used for analysis. Measurement were made with Adobe Photoshop with pixel accuracy. The t test was used to compare of putative marker of prenatal androgen exposure between athletic club and non-athletic students in the elementary school. [RESULT] There were significant differences between 2D:4D of athletic club students and 2D:4D of non-athletic students. First, 2D:4D of athletic club students showed the lower value than 2D:4D of non-athletic students(p<.01). Second, 2D:4D of baseball club students showed the lower value than 2D:4D of non-athletic students(p<.05). Third, 2D:4D of soccer club students showed the lower value than 2D:4D of non-athletic students(p<.05). [CONCLUSION] Based on the results of this study, 2D:4D can be considered when the schools recruit athletes. However, physical fitness is not decided by only innate factors. Thus this paper suggest that Blind faith in 2D:4D should be avoided. [목적] 본 연구는 초등학생 운동부 학생과 일반 학생간의 태아기 성호르몬 노출의 추정 지표인 ‘손가락 길이 비율(2D:4D)’을 비교하여, 학생선수 선발 시 학생의 선천적인 체력적 소질을 파악하는 보조수단으로써 2D:4D의 효용성을 검증하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. [방법] 서울시 D 교육지원청 B초등학교 3-4학년 남학생 60명과 같은 교육지원청의 3-4학년 야구부와 축구부 남학생 전체(5개교, 32명) 총 92명을 표집하였다. 학부모 및 학생 본인의 동의서를 모두 작성하여 제출한 연구 참여자들에 한하여 연구를 실시하였으며, 둘째 손가락이나 넷째손가락에 손상을 입은 경험이 있는 학생은 연구 대상에서 제외하였다. 본 연구의 손가락 길이 측정은 측정 시간은 많이 걸리나 가장 정확한 방법(Kemper & Schwerdtfeger, 2009)으로 알려져 있는 포토샵 프로그램을 활용한 간접 측정 방법을 사용하였다. 먼저, 연구 참여자의 손바닥을 스캐닝하여 양손의 이미지를 획득한 후, 획득한 이미지를 Adobe Photoshop 프로그램의 measure tool을 이용하여 0.01cm 단위까지 측정하였으며, 양손 평균값을 구하였다. 운동부 참여 여부에 따른 2D:4D값의 차이를 밝히기 위하여 독립표본 t-검증을 실시하였다. [결과] 초등학교 3-4학년 운동부 학생의 2D:4D 평균값은 일반 학생의 2D:4D 평균값에 비해 유의하게 낮았다(p<.01). 야구부 학생과 일반 학생, 축구부 학생과 일반 학생간의 비교는 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). [결론] 학교운동부에 대한 진로 선택을 앞둔 학생의 2D:4D값 측정은 학생의 선천적인 체력적 소질을 파악하는 참고자료가 될 수 있으며, 야구부보다는 축구부에서 보다 신뢰할 수 있는 결과를 보일 것이라 예상된다. 그러나 2D:4D는 학생의 선천적인 체력적 소질을 파악하는 보조 자료로만 활용해야 할 것이며, 학생의 후천적인 노력을 배제하고 2D:4D값을 맹신하는 일은 없어야 할 것이다.