다중 해상도 영상에서 페이싯 모델을 이용한 초소형 표적 검출

박지환,이민우,이철원,주재흠,남기곤,Park, Ji-Hwan,Lee, Min-Woo,Lee, Chul-Hun,Joo, Jae-Heum,Nam, Ki-Gon 한국융합신호처리학회 2011 융합신호처리학회 논문지 (JISPS) Vol.12 No.2

본 논문은 다중 해상도 영상에서 3차 페이싯 모델을 이용하여 적외선 영상의 원거리에 위치하고 있는 초소형 표적의 위치와 크기를 검출하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 먼저, 원 영상을 점차 축소하여 여려 단계의 다중 해상도의 영상들로 구성한다. 각 단계에서의 다중 해상도 영상들에 대해 페이싯 모델과 국부 극대 조건을 적용하여 초소형 표적의 위치를 검출한다. 다중 해상도 영상에서 각 페이싯 모델의 국부 극대값을 의미하는 $D_2$값 중 최대 크기를 가지는 위치를 표적의 위치라고 평가한다. 이 경우 각 단계의 다중 해상도 영상들에 대해 크기가 다른 표적의 검출이 가능하게 된다. 본 논문에서 제안한 초소형 표적 검출 방법은 초소형 표적이 있는 다양한 적외선 영상에서 실험하였다. 기존의 페이싯 모델을 이용한 방법에서는 하나의 마스크만 적용시킨 것에 반해 제안된 방법은 하나의 마스크를 다중 해상도 영상에서 적용하였다. 고정된 마스크를 다중 해상도 영상에 적용함으로써 마스크의 크기를 달리하는 효과를 확인하였고 그에 따라 검출하는 표적의 크기도 다름을 확인하였다. 이를 이용해서 표적의 위치뿐만 아니라 크기도 검출할 수 있음을 확인하였다. In this paper, we propose the technique to detect the location and size of the small target in multi-resolution image using cubic facet model. The input image is reduced by the multi-resolution and we obtain the multi-resolution images. We apply the facet model and the local maxima conditions to the multi-resolution images of each level. And then, we detect the location of the small target. We estimate that the location at the maximum of the $D_2$ which means the local maxima value of the facet model in the multi-resolution images is the location of the small target. We can detect the small target of the various size about the multi-resolution images of each level. In this paper, we experimented in the various infrared images with the small target. The method using the typical facet model applies a mask. However, the proposed method applies a mask in the multi-resolution images. We verified to vary the mask size and differ the size of the small target. The proposed algorithm can detect the location and size of the small target.

Spatio-Temporal Filter Based Small Infrared Target Detection in highly Cluttered Sea Background

Sungho Kim,Taek Lyul Song,Byungin Choi,Boo-Hwan Lee,Wang-Heon Lee 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

This paper presents a separate spatio-temporal lter based small infrared target detection method to address the sea-based infrared search and track (IRST) problem in dense sun-glint environment. It is critical to detect small infrared targets such as sea-skimming missiles or asymmetric small ships for national defense. On the sea surface, sun-glint clutters degrade the detection performance. Furthermore, if we have to detect true targets using only three images with a low frame rate camera, then the problem is more difcult. We propose a novel three plot correlation lter and statisticsbased clutter reduction method to achieve robust small target detection rate in dense sun-glint environment. We validate the robust detection performance of the proposed method via real infrared test sequences including synthetic targets.

안경렌즈코팅용 소형 sputter coating system 설계 및 제작에 관한 연구

박문찬,이종근,주경복,정부영,김응순,문희성 한국안광학회 2008 한국안광학회지 Vol.13 No.1

목적: 안경렌즈용 소형 suptter coating system을 설계하고 제작하고자 한다. 방법: sputter system의 target 설계에 있어서 Essential Macleod thinfilm design software를 이용해 AR 코팅과 mirror 코팅이 동시에 설계 가능한 Si target 을 결정하였으며. 그 후 sputtering 장비를 제작하였다. 결과: SiO2와 Si3N4의 5층 박막으로 구성되는 AR 코팅의 최 적조건은 [air|SiO2(81.3)|Si3N4(102)|SiO2(19.21)|Si3N4(15.95)| SiO2(102)|glass] 이였다. Mirror 코팅의 경우, blue color 코 팅의 최적조건은 [air|SiO2(56.61)|Si3N4(135.86)|SiO2(67.64)| Si3N4(55.4)|SiO2 (53.53)|Si3N4(51.28)|glass] 이고, green color 코 팅의 최적조건은 [air|SiO2(66.2)|Si3N4(22.76)|SiO2(56.58)| Si3N4(140.35) |SiO2(152.35)|Si3N4(70.16)|SiO2(121.87)|glass] 이였으며, gold color 코팅의 최적조건은 [air|SiO2(83.59)|Si3N4(144.86) |SiO2(11.82)|Si3N4(129.93)|SiO2(90.01)|Si3N4 (88.37)|glass] 이였다. 결론: 코팅 시간을 줄여 안경단가를 줄이기 위하여 안경렌즈 코팅 시 렌즈의 전·후면을 동시 에 코팅을 해야 하기 때문에 sputtering장비 설계를 할 때 안경렌즈 전면과 후면에 동일하게 Si target을 갖춘 cathode 를 사용하였고, 렌즈의 곡률을 고려하여 각 층이 동일하게 코팅이 되어야 하기 때문에 target-substrate 간의 간격은 12.5cm에서 20cm로 가변할 수 있도록 설계하고 제작하였다. 고품질의 안경렌즈 코팅을 위하여 고진공 펌프로 turbo pump를 이용하였으며, 코팅박막의 균일함을 얻기 위해서 치구를 회전할 수 있도록 설계하고 제작하였다. Purpose: To design and fabricate the small sputter coating system for the Ophthalmic lens. Methods: The design of sputter target was done using macleod program for AR coating and mirror coating of Ophthalmic lens with Si target and then the sputter system was fabricated. Results: The optimum condition of AR coating with Si target was [air|SiO2(81.3)|Si3N4 (102)|SiO2(19.21)|Si3N4(15.95)|SiO2(102)|glass], for blue color mirror coating [air|SiO2(56.61)|Si3N4(135.86)|SiO2(67.64)|Si3N4(55.4)|SiO2(53.53)|Si3N4(51.28)|glass], for green color coating [air|SiO2(66.2)|Si3N4(22.76)|SiO2(56.58)|Si3N4(140.35)|SiO2(152.35)|Si3N4(70.16)|SiO2(121.87)|glass], for gold color [air|SiO2(83.59)|Si3N4(144.86)|SiO2(11.82)|Si3N4(129.93)|SiO2(90.01)|Si3N4(88.37)|glass]. Conclusions: In the fabrication of sputtering coating apparatus, Dual cathode with same Ti target were coated at the same time on both sides of Ophthalmic lens to lessen the time of coating on Ophthalmic Lens and save the cost of the lens. The distance of target-substrate of cathode was variable from 12.5cm to 20 cm. Turbo pump was used to take the whole coating process about 15 min. instead of diffusion pump. The lens holder was made to coat 2 pairs lens every coating and was rotated to get the uniformity of thin film.

DoG 필터와 시각 주의 모델을 이용한 적외선 소형 표적 검출 방법

장경현(Kyung-Hyun Jang),박기태(Ki-Tae Park),문영식(Young-Shik Moon) 한국정보기술학회 2013 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.11 No.6

In this paper, in order to efficiently detect small targets in an infrared image under various background environments, a small target detection method using DoG filter and visual attention model is proposed. To this end, in the first step, a local contrast enhancement is performed to improve intensity of dim small targets. In the second step, candidate regions of small target are extracted from an input infrared image by applying a DoG filter(band pass filter). In the third step, the spectral residual technique which is one of the visual attention models is used to calculate a saliency map. The extracted candidate regions are weighed by the saliency map to suppress background clutters. Finally, an adaptive thresholding technique is applied to detect small targets. The experimental results show that proposed method achieves better performance than the existing methods in various background environments.

적외선 영상에서 다층 구조 요소 NWTH 변환을 이용한 소형 표적 검출 방법

김병익(Byoung-Ik Kim),배태욱(Tae-Wuk Bae),김영춘(Young-Choon Kim),안상호(Sang-Ho Ahn),김덕규(Duk-Gyoo Kim) 한국정보기술학회 2011 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.9 No.7

In this paper, we propose a small target detection method using multi-structuring element new white top-hat (NWTH) transformation in the infrared (IR) images. The white top-hat (WTH) transformation has not effective performance in case of dim targets in IR images with many clutters. Because the NWTH transformation uses structuring elements considering target region and background region, the NWTH transformation is superior than the WTH transformation in viewpoint of target enhancement. But the performance of NWTH transformation depends on size of structuring element. To solve this detect in top-hat based transformations, a automatic decision method of structuring element is needed. Because this selection standard of structuring element must be objective and adaptive in various IR images, that is performed by candidate target-to-clutter ratio gain (CTCRG). The proposed method decides multi-structuring element by using the CTCRG and its recursive method in the NWTH transformation. And then small targets can be detected through a sum image of the NWTH transformation images by multi-structuring element. We confirmed that the proposed method has superior image enhancement performance in target region, compared with existing WTH and NWTH transformation.

Highly Efficient Encapsulation of Anionic Small Molecules in Asymmetric Liposome Particles

Lee, Myung Kyu The Korean Vacuum Society 2015 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.24 No.6

Anionic small molecules are hard to penetrate the cell membranes because of their negative charges. Encapsulation of small molecules into liposome particles can provide target specific delivery of them. In our previous study, siRNA could be efficiently encapsulated into liposome particles using an asymmetric preparation method of liposomes. In this study, the same method was applied for encapsulation of small anionic fluorescent chemicals such as calcein and indocyanine green (ICG). More than 90% fluorescent chemicals were encapsulated in the asymmetric liposome particles (ALPs). No intracellular fluorescent signal was observed in the tumor cells treated with the unmodified calcein/ALPs and ICG/ALPs, whereas the surface modification with a cell-penetrating polyarginine peptide (R8 or R12) allows cellular uptake of the ALPs. The results demonstrate that the ALPs encapsulating small anionic drugs will be useful for target-specific delivery after modification of target-specific ligands.

Highly Efficient Encapsulation of Anionic Small Molecules in Asymmetric Liposome Particles

Myung Kyu Lee 한국진공학회(ASCT) 2015 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.24 No.6

Anionic small molecules are hard to penetrate the cell membranes because of their negative charges. Encapsulation of small molecules into liposome particles can provide target specific delivery of them. In our previous study, siRNA could be efficiently encapsulated into liposome particles using an asymmetric preparation method of liposomes. In this study, the same method was applied for encapsulation of small anionic fluorescent chemicals such as calcein and indocyanine green (ICG). More than 90% fluorescent chemicals were encapsulated in the asymmetric liposome particles (ALPs). No intracellular fluorescent signal was observed in the tumor cells treated with the unmodified calcein/ALPs and ICG/ALPs, whereas the surface modification with a cell-penetrating polyarginine peptide (R8 or R12) allows cellular uptake of the ALPs. The results demonstrate that the ALPs encapsulating small anionic drugs will be useful for target-specific delivery after modification of target-specific ligands.

Chemically Induced Cellular Proteolysis: An Emerging Therapeutic Strategy for Undruggable Targets

Moon, Seonghyeon,Lee, Byung-Hoon Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2018 Molecules and cells Vol.41 No.11

Traditionally, small-molecule or antibody-based therapies against human diseases have been designed to inhibit the enzymatic activity or compete for the ligand binding sites of pathological target proteins. Despite its demonstrated effectiveness, such as in cancer treatment, this approach is often limited by recurring drug resistance. More importantly, not all molecular targets are enzymes or receptors with druggable 'hot spots' that can be directly occupied by active site-directed inhibitors. Recently, a promising new paradigm has been created, in which small-molecule chemicals harness the naturally occurring protein quality control machinery of the ubiquitin-proteasome system to specifically eradicate disease-causing proteins in cells. Such 'chemically induced protein degradation' may provide unprecedented opportunities for targeting proteins that are inherently undruggable, such as structural scaffolds and other non-enzymatic molecules, for therapeutic purposes. This review focuses on surveying recent progress in developing E3-guided proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and small-molecule chemical modulators of deubiquitinating enzymes upstream of or on the proteasome.

Highly Efficient Encapsulation of Anionic Small Molecules in Asymmetric Liposome Particles

이명규 한국진공학회 2015 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.24 No.6

Anionic small molecules are hard to penetrate the cell membranes because of their negative charges. Encapsulation of small molecules into liposome particles can provide target specific delivery of them. In our previous study, siRNA could be efficiently encapsulated into liposome particles using an asymmetric preparation method of liposomes. In this study, the same method was applied for encapsulation of small anionic fluorescent chemicals such as calcein and indocyanine green (ICG). More than 90% fluorescent chemicals were encapsulated in the asymmetric liposome particles (ALPs). No intracellular fluorescent signal was observed in the tumor cells treated with the unmodified calcein/ALPs and ICG/ALPs, whereas the surface modification with a cell-penetrating polyarginine peptide (R8 or R12) allows cellular uptake of the ALPs. The results demonstrate that the ALPs encapsulating small anionic drugs will be useful for target-specific delivery after modification of target-specific ligands.

Chemically Induced Cellular Proteolysis: An Emerging Therapeutic Strategy for Undruggable Targets

문성현,이병훈 한국분자세포생물학회 2018 Molecules and cells Vol.41 No.11

Traditionally, small-molecule or antibody-based therapies against human diseases have been designed to inhibit the enzymatic activity or compete for the ligand binding sites of pathological target proteins. Despite its demonstrated effectiveness, such as in cancer treatment, this approach is often limited by recurring drug resistance. More importantly, not all molecular targets are enzymes or receptors with druggable ‘hot spots’ that can be directly occupied by active site-directed inhibitors. Recently, a promising new paradigm has been created, in which small-molecule chemicals harness the naturally occurring protein quality control machinery of the ubiquitin-proteasome system to specifically eradicate diseasecausing proteins in cells. Such ‘chemically induced protein degradation’ may provide unprecedented opportunities for targeting proteins that are inherently undruggable, such as structural scaffolds and other non-enzymatic molecules, for therapeutic purposes. This review focuses on surveying recent progress in developing E3-guided proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and small-molecule chemical modulators of deubiquitinating enzymes upstream of or on the proteasome.