Shape Description and Retrieval Using Included-Angular Ternary Pattern

Guoqing Xu,Ke Xiao,Chen Li 한국정보처리학회 2019 Journal of information processing systems Vol.15 No.4

Shape description is an important and fundamental issue in content-based image retrieval (CBIR), and anumber of shape description methods have been reported in the literature. For shape description, both globalinformation and local contour variations play important roles. In this paper a new included-angular ternarypattern (IATP) based shape descriptor is proposed for shape image retrieval. For each point on the shapecontour, IATP is derived from its neighbor points, and IATP has good properties for shape description. IATPis intrinsically invariant to rotation, translation and scaling. To enhance the description capability, multiscaleIATP histogram is presented to describe both local and global information of shape. Then multiscale IATPhistogram is combined with included-angular histogram for efficient shape retrieval. In the matching stage,cosine distance is used to measure shape features’ similarity. Image retrieval experiments are conducted on thestandard MPEG-7 shape database and Swedish leaf database. And the shape image retrieval performance of theproposed method is compared with other shape descriptors using the standard evaluation method. Theexperimental results of shape retrieval indicate that the proposed method reaches higher precision at the samerecall value compared with other description method.

Research on Aesthetic Consciousness and Generation Methods in Natural Shape Based on Cognitive Science

Lyu, Xin(류신),Cho, Taig Youn(조택연) 한국디자인문화학회 2019 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.25 No.4

본 논문은 인지과학과 진화 이론 및 진화 심리학을 기반으로 신경학 선행연구를 결합해서 신경 미학적 관점에서 자연 조형 구조와 조형 방법을 분석한다. 현재 미학 연구는 형태의 외모에 집중하여 어떻게 예쁜 디자인을 할 수 있을까 많이 연구한다. 이런 연구들은 조형이 심미에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구 단계에 머물러 있고 인지와 조형의 내적 연관을 소홀히 하였다. 본 논문 연구 목적은 조형과 인지의 관계를 탐구하기 위해 조형과 인지의 상호 관계성을 통해 조형 생성방식을 고찰한다. 본 연구는 먼저 인간 뇌 속에 조형 생성 원리와 인지 특성을 분석한다. 그다음에 조형 생성규칙을 연구하여 조형 생성방식을 정리한다. 마지막에 조형 생성방식의 단계적 모델을 제시한다. 본 연구는 자연형태 구조에 나타난 조형의식 분석하고 조형 생성 3가지 방식을 정리하였다. 즉 조형 생성의 모방적 방법, 조형 생성의 수학적 방법, 조형 생성의 상징적 방법이다. 조형 생성의 모방적 방법은 자연형태를 모방해서 조형을 만드는 것이고, 조형 생성의 수학적 방법은 수학 구조를 통해 사람들은 수학규칙을 이용해서 효율적으로 조형 디자인을 실현한다. 모방적 방법보다 더 이성적인 디자인 방법이다. 조형생성의 상징적 방식은 두뇌가 선천적 개념과 후천적 개념은 결합해서 조형 디자인 방법이다. 조형 생성방식의 단계적 모델은 조형 디자인 효율을 높이게 할 수 있다. 조형 생성방식의 신경 미학적 연구는 조형구성에 대한 이해에 유리하며 예술가와 디자이너에게 예술 창작과 조형 생성 방법에 유효한 디자인 방법 근거를 제공해 주고 이론적 도움을 준다. Based on cognitive science and the theory of evolution and evolutionary psychology, this paper combines the research results of neuroscience, analyzes the structure and generation methods of shape in nature from the perspective of neuroaesthetics. Current aesthetic studies focus more on the appearance of shapes and how to design beautiful shapes. These studies focus on the influence of shape on human aesthetics while ignoring the internal relationship between cognition and shape. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between shape and cognition, and to investigate the way of shape generation through the relationship between them. This study first analyzed the cognitive principles and characteristics of shape in the brain. Then analyze the law of shape generation, summarize the generation methods of shape, and finally propose a hierarchical method model of shape generation. This paper collates and summarizes the three methods of shape generation through the analysis of the formative consciousness appearing in the natural shape structure, namely, the imitation method of shape, the mathematics method of shape, and the symbolization method of shape. The imitation method of shape generation is to imitate nature, it is a design method to imitate natural shape. The mathematics method of shape is a mathematical model method. People use mathematical laws to achieve efficient shape creation instead of relying on experience. The symbolization method of shape is a shape creation method based on the participation ratio of the inherited concepts of the brain and the concept of acquired concepts. The hierarchical model of shape generation can improve the efficiency of shape design. Neuroaesthetics research on the methods of shape generation is beneficial to people to better understand the shape composition and provides an effective methodological basis for artists and designers to provide the theoretical basis of the design method.

전남지방의 ‘ㄷ’형 안채 연구

김지민 한국건축역사학회 2007 건축역사연구 Vol.16 No.1

'ㄷ’shape of Jeonnam Area has not been well-known so far. This study is about when, how and on what type the 'ㄷ’shape had settled among many 'ㅡ' shape houses. The Anchae of Jeonnam Area which appeared 17C. contrasts with 'ㅡ' shape. Especially, the head family's house might have been expected to develop with special difference. 'ㅡ' shape had been built much more than the 'ㄷ’shape around 20C when modernization had been ripen. It was big event that 'ㄷ’shape, the head family's house, had been pulled down and then 'ㅡ' shape had been newly built. (Ui Seong-ryeol house) The reason why 'ㅡ' shape had been built instead of 'ㄷ’shape might be that people accepted the change of 'modernization', that is to say, people accepted convenience and opening. The plan of 'ㄷ’shape consists of Daecheong and Anbang at the center of Momche, and Jageunbang and Jangji at both sides. In the 'ㄷ’shape, the center of Momche is wide dand light unlike 'ㅡ' shape. Unjoru, Nogudang, Yundoseo house have long wing and have more encircling Anmadang than other houses, which are well known for a house for a man of noble birth.

Shape Description and Retrieval Using Included-Angular Ternary Pattern

Xu, Guoqing,Xiao, Ke,Li, Chen Korea Information Processing Society 2019 Journal of information processing systems Vol.15 No.4

Shape description is an important and fundamental issue in content-based image retrieval (CBIR), and a number of shape description methods have been reported in the literature. For shape description, both global information and local contour variations play important roles. In this paper a new included-angular ternary pattern (IATP) based shape descriptor is proposed for shape image retrieval. For each point on the shape contour, IATP is derived from its neighbor points, and IATP has good properties for shape description. IATP is intrinsically invariant to rotation, translation and scaling. To enhance the description capability, multiscale IATP histogram is presented to describe both local and global information of shape. Then multiscale IATP histogram is combined with included-angular histogram for efficient shape retrieval. In the matching stage, cosine distance is used to measure shape features' similarity. Image retrieval experiments are conducted on the standard MPEG-7 shape database and Swedish leaf database. And the shape image retrieval performance of the proposed method is compared with other shape descriptors using the standard evaluation method. The experimental results of shape retrieval indicate that the proposed method reaches higher precision at the same recall value compared with other description method.

형상 문법이 건축 조형에 미치는 영향 연구 : 형상 문법으로 생성된 건축 조형의 미적 가치를 중심으로

위란란(Wei, Ran Ran),조택연(Cho, Taing Youn) 한국디자인리서치학회 2021 한국디자인리서치 Vol.6 No.4

형상 문법에 대한 연구는 50년 가까이 됐지만, 건축 조형으로서 디자인의 잠재력이 아직 활용되지 않고 있다. 형상 문법은 건축물의 디자인 언어를 묘사하고 이해하는 데 쓰일 수 있으며, 모양의 공간 연결 규칙을 통해 건축 조형을 생산할 수 있다. 본 연구는 형상 문법의 생성 특성을 대상으로 한다. 형상을 생성하는 디자인 언어로써 형상 문법이 건축 조형에 미치는 영향 및 가치를 중점으로 탐구한다. 본 연구는 형상 가치와 심미 가치 두 측면으로 형상 문법을 연구 및 분석한다. 인지 과학 및 신경 미학적 이론 지식을 이용하여 형상 문법이 건축의 형상 생성과 심미적 측면에 미치는 영향을 분석하다. 형상 문법은 건축 조형의 생성을 돕고 미적 선호를 적극적으로 유발함을 보여준다. 형상 문법이 가진 형상을 생성하는 속성은 건축 조형 디자인에 적용될 수 있으며, 전통 디자인 방법은 영감과 경험에 의존하는 한계를 해결한다. 또한 형상 문법은 아름다운 디자인 언어로서 미적 선호를 유발하는 시각적 특징(패킷, 대칭, 처리의 용이성)을 강조하거나 과장함으로써 심미적 호감을 더욱 적극적으로 자극할 수 있다.따라서 형상 문법은 건축 조형의 전통적 디자인 기법의 한계를 해소할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 조형을 더욱 매력적으로 만들 수 있다는 결론을 내릴 수 있다. 본 연구는 형상 문법이 가진 형상 생성 가치와 심미적 가치를 인식하고 건축 분야에서 그 가치를 활용하기 위한 것이다. 형상 문법은 건축 조형 디자인에 활용될 수 있는 새로운 아이디어와 방법을 제공한다. Although shape grammar has been researched for nearly 50 years, its potential in architectural design remains far from being exploited. Shape grammar can be used to describe and understand the architectural design language of certain buildings and generate new architectural forms through regular combinations of shapes. The object of this study is the shape-generating properties of shape grammar. Shape grammar, as a design language of shape generation, has the influence and value on architectural form and is the focus of this study. In this paper, shape grammar is explored from two aspects of form value and aesthetic value. Its influence on architecture s form generation and aesthetics is analyzed based on the theoretical knowledge of cognitive science and neuroaesthetics. The results demonstrate that shape grammar can help generate architectural forms while positively inducing the occurrence of aesthetic preferences. The shape-generating properties of shape grammar can be applied to architectural forms, addressing the limitations of traditional design methods relying on inspiration or experience. Moreover, shape grammar, as a beautiful design language, can more actively stimulate the occurrence of aesthetic preference by emphasizing the visual features contributing to aesthetic preference (grouping, symmetry, and processing fluency). It can be concluded that shape grammar not only addresses the limitations of traditional architectural design methods but also makes forms more attractive. The purpose of this study is to recognize the shape-generating value and aesthetic value of shape grammar, give full play to its value in the field of architecture, and guide the design of architectural forms.

스테인리스 냉연공정에서 퍼지 형상제어

허윤기(Yone-Gi Hur) 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.15 No.10

The strip shape for the stainless steel process has made an issue of the strip quality, and hence the shape control method is developed at the Sendzimir rolling mill (ZRM). ZRM is a stainless cold rolling mill and has actuators for the shape control. They are first intermediate rolls and top crown rolls, which are controlled horizontally and vertically, respectively. The shape control of the stainless steel rolling process has difficulty in obtaining the symmetrical shape. The objective of the shape control is to minimize the shape deviation and to maintain stable state, which keeps symmetrical shape pattern in the lateral direction. The method of the shape recognition employs a least squares method and neural network. The shape deviation is the difference between the target shape and actual shape and is controlled by the fuzzy shape control. The fuzzy shape control using operator’s informative knowledge is proposed in this paper. The experiments are carried out online for various stainless materials and sizes. The productivity of the rolling process has increased from 9.0 to 9.4 tons per hour.

MULTI-SHAPE ERYTHROCYTE IMAGING AND THEIR DEFORMABILITY ANALYSIS IN A MICROFLUIDIC ENVIRONMENT

Sanjay Jayavanth,Bock Choon Pak 대한기계학회 2007 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2007 No.5

In their long journey through the cardiovascular circuit, erythrocytes are coerced to shape transform and assume different shapes on account of varying flow conditions in different blood vessels. The present work was aimed to visualize these erythrocyte shape transformations by an invitro microcirculatory model, and assess multi-shape erythrocyte deformability. The model uses an in-house fabricated, inexpensive disposable micro flow channel to mimic certain invivo conditions and a fast frame video microscopic system for imaging the shape changes in erythrocytes. Results show the multi-shape transformation of erythrocyte christened as discoidal shape, the asymmetrically deformed ‘hat’ and ‘bullet-like’ shapes, and the axially deformed ‘slipper’ and ‘spindle-like’ shapes. Specific erythrocytes showed the shape transition and transformation while passing through the observed window. The obtained erythrocyte shapes very analyzed for deformability index using image processing techniques that varied significantly (p<0.001) for different shapes as compared with the resting shape.

Research on Aesthetic Consciousness and Generation Methods in Natural Shape Based on Cognitive Science

류신,조택연 한국디자인문화학회 2019 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Based on cognitive science and the theory of evolution and evolutionary psychology, this paper combines the research results of neuroscience, analyzes the structure and generation methods of shape in nature from the perspective of neuroaesthetics. Current aesthetic studies focus more on the appearance of shapes and how to design beautiful shapes. These studies focus on the influence of shape on human aesthetics while ignoring the internal relationship between cognition and shape. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between shape and cognition, and to investigate the way of shape generation through the relationship between them. This study first analyzed the cognitive principles and characteristics of shape in the brain. Then analyze the law of shape generation, summarize the generation methods of shape, and finally propose a hierarchical method model of shape generation. This paper collates and summarizes the three methods of shape generation through the analysis of the formative consciousness appearing in the natural shape structure, namely, the imitation method of shape, the mathematics method of shape, and the symbolization method of shape. The imitation method of shape generation is to imitate nature, it is a design method to imitate natural shape. The mathematics method of shape is a mathematical model method. People use mathematical laws to achieve efficient shape creation instead of relying on experience. The symbolization method of shape is a shape creation method based on the participation ratio of the inherited concepts of the brain and the concept of acquired concepts. The hierarchical model of shape generation can improve the efficiency of shape design. Neuroaesthetics research on the methods of shape generation is beneficial to people to better understand the shape composition and provides an effective methodological basis for artists and designers to provide the theoretical basis of the design method.

이상 소설 연구 - ‘천재’와 ‘탕아’의 형상을 중심으로

김은경 한국비교문학회 2011 比較文學 Vol.0 No.54

This essay aims to consider Lee Sang's novels in it's the Shapes of Characters, especially the Protagonist. This consideration covers the study on the aspects of taking action against the reality of 1930s represented in the Lee Sang's Novel. The problem of Modernity is a key element to determine the Shapes of Protagonist. Additionally, the esthetic sides are also grounds to have figure out the Shapes. This essay eventually make clear the Stratified Aspects of Lee Sang's novels. These strata are not the relations between reality and unreality(the stream of consciousness), but the different ways of coping with the same world. In Chapter 2, I discuss on the coexistence of the two shapes in a novel. The view of history distinguishes the Shape of Genius from the Shape of Debauchee, which are two selves of a character. The former's concept of history is continuity, and the latter's is rupture. The Debauchee's concept of history can contemplate through the retrogression of the family history, and the rupture of family history which appears in his anti-familial love affairs. The Debauchee who is involved with a lot of women against the family ethics shows his identity is collapsed. Through the Genius Self, we can study the tension between 19th century and 20th century. Experiencing these tension, the Genius Self explore his identity, which can study through the symbol of cloth, the imagination of body dissection. These two shapes of selves respectively occupy the heterogeneous space-time which is the esthetic side to characterize the Shapes. Women characters act as switching element from one self to the other self. Involving in the Protagonist's love affair, they demonstrate the Corporeality which is against the traditional ethics and the Intelligence. Therefore, they indirectly illuminate the aspects of The Debauchee's view of history and Intelligence Pursuit of The Genius. Contacting with foreign elements, the Genius pursuit New Meaning, and want to turn it over the coming generations. In Chapter 3, I discuss on the division of the two shape of the Protagonists, comparing Gijuhoesi with Nalgae. The Corporeality of Capitalism is key element to divide the two protagonists. The protagonist of Gijuhoesi is characterized as a incomparable Debauchee viewed from two sides. First point is the view of history as rupture and Corporeality appeared in relation with a prostitute-wife. Second point is conspiracy with the Corporeality of Capitalism. Through ‘the economy of O’ accumulating a fortune by management of Capital, Gijuhoesi reveals contradiction which may appear in the economic principle of capitalism. The protagonist of Gijuhoesi conspire with ‘the economy of O’, requesting to increase money of prostitute-wife. All characters of the novel are tenors of the metaphor ‘Spider’ which means sucking in the other party's economically and sexually. As most nearly ‘Spider’, the protagonist shows the shape of the incomparable Debauchee. Meanwhile, the prologue of Nalgae shows the view of history as continuity and the protagonist of Narrative displays the shape of a Genius. This essay study the shape of Genius through ‘The economy of Wife’. ‘The economy of Wife’ also shows the Corporeality of Capitalism as ‘the economy of O’. But the aspects distinct from O's. The wife's economy means that she pays her husband for having space and time to prostitute herself. Contrary, her husband pay for having space to waste time. The event of Adalin caused from the imbalance between the space-time which the wife wants to do business and the time which the husband waste outside shows harmful effect of Capitalism. Ironically, with ‘the event of Adalin’ as momentum, the protagonist wake up from being ‘a Stuffed Genius’. The space of thinking and playing indicates the shape of Genius turns into the space of Corporeality because of the Imbalance, from which the protagonist escape and dream ‘Modern World’ being in harmony th...

얼굴형별 이미지와 퍼스널컬러 유형의 연관성 분석

김가현 ( Ga-hyun Kim ),최민령 ( Min-lyoung Choi ) 한국미용학회 2022 한국미용학회지 Vol.28 No.5

We analysed 504 women in their 20s in order to find out an association between personal color types and images by face shape. The findings of this study showed that images by face shape may work as one of variables in personal color diagnosis. First, ‘spring’ personal color saw round- or egg-shaped face be the most frequent in its distribution. This means ‘cheerful’, ‘youthful’, ‘young-looking’, ‘pretty’ images a round-shaped face invokes and ‘innocent’ image an oval face creates may be a meaningful standard in diagnosing ‘spring’ personal color. Second, among those the most frequently distributed in ‘summer’ personal color were a round-shaped face, an oval face, an inverted triangle-shaped face and a diamond- shaped face. This show ‘friendly’, and ‘gentil’ images of a round-shape face and ‘soft’, ‘natural’, ‘friendly’, ‘warm’ or ‘gentle’ images of an oval face may be a meaningful criterion in ‘summer’ personal color diagnosis; and a ‘trustworthy’ or ‘faithful’ images of square-shaped face and ‘intellectual’ image of an inverted triangle-shaped face may be also a significant standard in ‘summer’ personal color diagnosis. Third, a diamond-shaped face and a long- shaped face were the most often distributed in ‘autumn’ personal color. This shows ‘mature’ image of a diamond-shaped face and ‘mature’, ‘composed’, ‘adult’, calm’, ‘intellectual’, ‘classic’, ‘feminine’ or ‘lofty’ images of a long-shaped face may be a meaningful measurement in ‘autumn’ personal color diagnosis. Fourth, ‘winter’ personal color saw square-shaped face, a diamond-shaped face and an inverted triangle-shaped face the most frequently distributed in it. This means ‘confident’ or ‘active’ images of a square-shaped face, ‘cool’ image of a diamond-shaped face and ‘cool’ or ‘sharp’ images of an inverted triangle-shaped face may be a meaningful criterion in diagnosing ‘winter’ personal color. In conclusion, an important implication is that images of face shape might be a new standard in personal color diagnosis, further stimulating a variety of beauty service based on face perception consumers can enjoy by using smart phone or smart mirror.