입학사정관제도를 통한 전공단위 선발방법론

손종현 ( Jong-hyun Son ) 대구가톨릭대학교 교양교육연구센터 2022 융합교양연구 Vol.9 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 입학사정관제도를 통한 전공단위 선발방법론을 논의하는 것이다. 전공단위 선발이 가능하기 위해 전형방법론과 전형요소 평가 방안에 대해 논의했다. 지금까지의 논의를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전형자료에 대한 새로운 개념화가 필요하다. 대학 입학전형의 기본 자료는 학교생활기록부이고, 주요 자료는 수능시험(등급)과 면접이다. 그 밖의 보고자료는 자기추천서, 교사추천서, 프리젠테에션, 포트폴리오, 실험실습보고서, 학교 프로파일 등이다. 둘째, 전공단위 선발방법론은 다양한 전형요소에 대한 적합한 평가방안의 개발을 전제로 해서 성립한다. 전공단위와 입학사정관은 전형자료화에 힘써야 한다. 선발·사정의 주체는 전공단위이며, 전공단위 교육목적을 설정하고, 이것에 근거하여 선발모형을 개발해야 한다. 전형절차는 실력 분류의 6단계 과정을 거친다. 심층면접은 전공단위 선발에서 그 의의가 크다. 전공적합성, 창의적 사고력, 면접 태도 등이 평가항목에 해당한다. 전공단위 선발방법론은 전공학과(부)의 고유한 교육목적에 부합하는 다양한 재능을 가진 학생을 자율적으로 선발할 수 있게 하는 제도이다. 전공단위 인재(人材) 선발은 다원주의 시대의 흐름에 상응하여 다방면의 다양한 재능을 가진 인재를 선발하는 선발시스템으로 적합하다. 이런 시대 흐름과 요구에 대응하여 연구자는 대학교육체제 전반에 대한 체제적 개혁의 일환으로 입학사정관제도를 통한 전공단위 선발방법론을 도입하는 것을 제안하고 있다. I suggest to introduce the institutionalizing of selection by major unit in university, as a mechanism to systematically reform university’s educational system. It requires establishing the educational goals of major units in university. That will be an important opportunity to enlarge the educational capability of major units. First, in the selection methodology, it is necessary to take the principle of multi-step procedure proceeded by multi-assessors’ evaluation. School records ought to be used as ‘basic’ material, academic test results and in-depth interview as ‘important’ materials, and other records as ‘subsidiary’ materials. Especially, evaluation methodology including selection criteria and in-depth interview ought to focus on judging the applicants' fitness for majoring study. It must be designed to go by way of three or four step for classification of capability and be able to secure the specialty and fairness of assessment by major units. University ought to organize the institutional environment(personnel, material and cultural condition) for introducing the ‘selection by major units’ system, such as preparation for administrative supporting system including the revision of school regulations, the establishment of TF team for university’s policy reformation, the confirmation of articulation between high school and university, and the establishment of major unit’s educational goals, etc. Second, in the middle of the change of university’s selection system, major unit’s professors need to act as the main body of selection with admissions officers, establishing the assessment apparatus in department, and leading to research and develop a proper selection model. Major units have to take the responsibility for the specialization and fairness of assessment, and for organizing the mechanism to reconstruct major unit classroom. Selection system by university major units is justifiable in that this system will serve to extension of systemicity between secondary and higher education in Korea education, raising the educational capability of major unit, enlarging selection autonomy, and normalizing public education in Korea. The procedure of selection and assessment should process four or five steps classifying the various capabilities of applicants.

생물진화이론에서 영향 받은 이미지 생성 시스템 연구 : 에보 시스템 디자인을 중심으로

이혜리 한국영상학회 2016 한국영상학회 논문집 Vol.14 No.2

본 논문은 생물학적 이론을 은유하여 생명진화과정을 시스템으로 설계한 에보 시스템(EVO System)에 대한 연구이다. 연구자에 의해 디자인된 에보 시스템은 자연 도태(Natural Selection) 과정에 따른 노화(aging) 현상이 시스템 설계에 적용되어 이 과정을 통해 이미지가 생성된다. 이렇게 생물학적 이론을 컴퓨터 예술을 설계하는 방법론으로 적용한 예술 장르를 진화생성예술(Evolutionary Generative Art)라 한다. 진화생성예술 연구자, 이론가에 따르면 과정 중심의 시스템 미학(System Esthetics)과 미학적 선택(Aesthetic Selection)의 조건이 충족될 때 진화생성예술은 미학적 가치를 가진다고 주장한다. 이 두 가지 특징이 충족될 경우 생물학적 이론이 적용된 시스템은 인간이 예측하지 못한 과정과 결과물의 예술을 생성한다. 본 논문에서는 에보 시스템을 시스템 미학과 미학적 선택을 중심으로 시스템 설계 원리, 구조, 그리고 특징에 대해 논하려 한다. 노화 이론을 적용하여 시스템을 설계하여 시스템이 생성하는 선대 객체 이미지와 후대 객체 이미지의 개연성에 따라 결과물을 만들어 내는 지 연구하고 이를 바탕으로 생물학적 이론을 은유한 진화생성예술의 콘텐츠로의 활용 가능성을 예측해 본다. The purpose of this study is to introduce the biologically inspired image generated system known as the EVO System. The system is designed considering aging issues based on the theory of natural selection. Biologically inspired computer art is classified as evolutionary generative art related to art theory and aesthetics. System esthetics and aesthetic selection are terms often used in evolutionary generative art in relation to its contribution to the value of aesthetics. These values establish the system as an art machine which generates unexpected outputs. In this paper, the author discusses the system’s design principles and implications based on the theories of system esthetics and aesthetic selection, suggesting a method of analyzing the results for further discussions of these contents.

甲午改革 이후 薦擧制의 변화

鄭求先(Chung Koo-Sun) 역사학회 2003 역사학보 Vol.178 No.-

This article is to explain the inter-reaction between the reform movement of officer selecting system and the Recommendation System. With Kabo Reform, A New modem officer selecting system was introduced, which disused the Civil Examinations system(科擧), an earlier traditional officer selecting system. The new system was founded with such the laws as Jeongogukjorae(銓考局條例) and Seunkerjorae(選擧條件). Also a new office, Jeongoguk(銓考局) which examined and tested the recommended people through the many different offices, was founded. The tests was divided two kind of testes such as ordinary and special tests. There was also another selecting way, which was based on the Ministry of Departments' recommendation, and finally Jeongoguk had a special test among in these recommended people. Therefore, the new system was based on the mixture between traditional and new office selecting system. Kabo reforms had a law about local officer selecting process such as the Local Office Open Selecting(地方官公擧), which regulated local officers selecting system from Kwanchalsa(觀察使) to Hyeongam(縣監). In this law, local officer was selected by way of the recommendation of the Prime Ministry and Departments. A justice in the judical part of government also was selected in these dual system by way of recommendation of the Ministry of Justice. In conclusion, the new system had not revolutionary transformation in officers' selecting way. The system kept the traditional selecting ways properly such as recommendation system. 'Ibis new system, I think, must have succeeded to Chosun Dynasty recommendation system, the suggestion of Pragmatic Movement(實學波), and the Open-door Party(開化派).

Long-term Prediction of Forest Sustainability of the Natural Deciduous Forest in Pyungchang Area of Gangwon Province, Korea

신만용,이돈구 한국산림과학회 2008 Forest Science And Technology Vol.4 No.1

Sustainable forest management is critical to the development of the forestry sector. Silvicultural treatments are the important tools to manipulate the ecosystem for the sustainability. This study was aimed to predict the timber yields for next 30 years considering the three different silivicultural systems in the natural deciduous forests in Pyungchang Area of Gangwon Province, Korea. It was measured that the number of trees per hectare (N/ha), basal area per hectare (BA/ha) and volume per hectare (V/ha) of the trees in the high elevation, were higher than those in the low elevation stands under all the three silvicultural systems, i.e., selection cutting, two-storied and shelterwood system. The number and volume of trees in the high elevation was highest than that of low elevation irrespective of silvicultural systems. The volume of trees in the high elevation stands were found highest in the shelterwood system as 155 m3/ha followed by 144 m3/ha in the selection cutting system and 110 m3/ha in the two-storied system; whereas in the low elevation, the highest volume was found in the selection cutting system as 129 m3/ha followed by shelterwood system, 104 m3/ha and 101 m3/ha in the two-storied systems. Natural regeneration of the tree species was highest in low elevation for the selection cutting system; whereas it was highest in the high elevation for two-storied and shelterwood system. Cornus controversa Hemsl. in the High elevation and Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance in the low elevation were found as the frequent tree species regenerated and established for all the silvicultural system. Selection cutting system was predicted as the suitable silvicultural system for the both high and low elevation stands yielding as 286 m3/ha and 344m 3/ha, respectively. The findings of the study may be important tools for the sustainable forest management in Korea.

학교교육의 재개념화

진미숙(Jin, Mi-Sook) 한국교육철학회 2010 교육철학 Vol.42 No.-

The aim of this article is to question the present schooling system and culture, especially selection system in Korea and to suggest an alternative schooling system resulting from reforming selection system in Korean universities. First, deep-rooted myths in educational practice and culture in Korea was revealed and made clear, which have come from the present selection system. The concept, ‘waste’ was suggested and used to analyse several limping educational practices from those myths. This article tries to consider a school as a kind of educational structure of‘waste’, and to identify ‘waste as absence of association’ as well as physical and relational wastes. Next, this article tries to analyse some related literature on selection system in Korea and reflect on the concept, ‘selection’ from those literature, and goes to reconceptualize the schooling system in Korea. For this, ‘relational’ point of view (‘process’ point of view), which consider school not as a sort of institution but as context planned for meaning exchange between teacher and student, was first asserted. Second, new concepts about selection were suggested, not as ranking on a single line, that is classifying and selecting, but as digging out (excavating) and revealing every student's own capabilities.

학생부위주전형의 대학별 운영방식과 유형에 관한 연구

김상유 ( Kim Sang-yu ),공자원 ( Kong Ja-won ),박은아 ( Park Eun-ah ),최혜림 ( Choi Hye-rim ) 경희대학교 입학전형연구센터 2016 입학전형연구 Vol.5 No.-

현재 대학별 다양한 대입전형이 운영되고 있지만, 고교교육 정상화 지원사업과 대입전형 간소화 정책에 힘입어 논술전형과 수능전형은 축소되고 학교생활기록부를 바탕으로 학생을 선발하는 학생부위주전형은 확대되고 있는 추세이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2014~2015년 고교교육 정상화 기여대학 지원 사업에 선정된 62개 대학의 2016학년도 및 2017학년도 전형을 중심으로 대학별 학생부위주전형 운영 방식 및 유형을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 학생부위주전형은 점진적으로 확대되며 특히 학생부종합전형의 선발 비율 확대가 두드러졌다. 학생부위주전형은 대부분 수시모집으로 운영되고 있으며, 수시모집 중 비중은 점점 확대되는 반면 정시모집 중 비중은 점차 축소되고 있다. 수시모집에서 대학별로 운영되고 있는 학생부위주전형은 평균적으로 대략 8개이다. 전형방법의 경우, 수시에서는 학생부종합전형 대부분이 다단계로, 학생부교과전형은 대부분이 일괄합산으로 운영되며, 정시에서는 대부분 일괄합산으로 운영되었다. 다단계로 운영되는 학생부종합전형의 1단계는 대부분 서류평가 100%, 2단계는 주로 면접평가를 활용하며, 일괄합산은 대부분 서류평가 100%를 활용하였다. 앞의 분석을 통해 각 대학별 학생부위주전형 운영현황을 크게 4가지 유형으로 유형화할 수 있었다. 이 유형화 결과를 통해 학생부위주전형에 대한 이해를 높이고 학생부위주전형 설계를 비롯하여 운영의 문제점과 개선 방안을 모색하기 위한 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다. This study researched and analyzed the current situation of school record-focused selection system for university entrance and the various types of selection system that each university is managing. As a result of the analysis, the school record-focused selection system increased gradually, and especially the selection ratio of the general school record-focused track increased remarkably. Each university manages approximately 8 tracks of school record-focused system on average. In the case of the selection method, most of the general school record-focused tracks are carried out in multiple stages of evaluation, and most of the school record tracks are operated in a lump sum. In the first stage of evaluation of the general school record-focused tracks, 100% of document evaluation was used, and interview evaluation was mainly used in the second stage. By analyzing the above, we can classify the current status of the school record-focused selection system of each university into four major types. As a result of this typology, it will be possible to improve understanding of the school record-focused selection system, and to use as a basic data to search for problem and improvement plan of operation and design of the selection system.

학생부 중심 대입제도의 추진과정과 정책문제 분석

안선회 인하대학교 교육연구소 2018 교육문화연구 Vol.24 No.6

Since the Moon Jae-in government, the process of public debate is under way to improve the college admission system. In spite of the expansion of the social debate on the school record-focused selection system, actual achievements are negligible. Thus this study analyzed how the university entrance policy has changed by the regime change and what kind of policy problems were caused and intensified as a result. The research was carried out through the literature research method and analyzed the primary data published by the MOE. When it is difficult to obtain the primary data, relevant research reports such as academic papers or news articles were analyzed. The results of the study are as follows. First, the pledge to improve the college admission system was suggested in the presidential election, and the reorganization of the college admission system was made right after the regime change. The curriculum was revised after the regime change, and the college entrance system was changed again in the next regime when the revised curriculum was applied to the field. However, school record-focused selection system has been strengthened despite the differences of political ideology between the previous and subsequent administrations. The point is that the government has commonly regarded college scholastic ability test as core cause of weakening the public education normalization and soaring private education expenses. As a result, the proportion of the college scholastic ability test was reduced and the proportion of the school record-focused selection system was increased. This result was possible because of the expansion of the influence of high school teachers on student selection and the expansion of autonomy of universities. In other words, the current school record-focused selection system is a system of co-ownership or division of students' selection authority for high school teachers and university professors. Second, the current college admission system hinders selection of promising students, and fails to select qualified ones. In particular, weakness of fairness and objectivity, school record competition, increase of cheating on college entrance, increase in private education expenses, and inequality in the college admission selection are getting bigger. Based on these results, this study suggested the necessity of the legislation of the college admission policy reflecting the public opinion as a way to prevent the excessive change of the college entrance system and to correct the policy problems by the regime change. 문재인정부 집권 이후 최근 대입제도 개선을 위한 공론화 과정이 진행되었다. 그 과정에서 학생부중심 대입제도에 대한 사회적 논쟁이 확대되었음에도 불구하고 개편 결과도 여전히 학생부중심 대입제도를 유지하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 정권 교체에 따른 대입정책의 변동 양태를 분석하면서 정권교체에도 불구하고 학생부중심 대입제도가 형성되고 추진된 과정과 그에 따른 정책문제가 무엇인지를 분석하였다. 연구방법은 문헌연구이며, 연구대상 문헌은 주로정부에서 발표한 일차자료를 분석하였으며, 일차자료를 구하기 어려운 내용은 연구보고서와 학술논문, 당시 언론자료를 찾아 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 우선, 정권 교체에 다른 대입정책 변동을 분석한 결과, 정권 교체 직후 대입제도 개편작업이 반드시 이루어졌으며, 이전 정권의 교육과정 개정 내용을 반영하기 위해 대입제도가 또 변경되고 있었다. 하지만, 정권 교체와 정부 간 정치이념의 차이에도 불구하고 현행 학생부 중심 대입제도는 여러 정부를 거치면서 계속 확대되었다. 이들 정부는 공통적으로 대입 문제의 핵심 원인을 대학수학능력시험으로 보고, 공교육 강화와 사교육비 경감을 위해 대학수학능력시험을 약화시키면서 학생부 중심의 대입제도를 강력하게 추진하였다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 학생부 중심 대입제도가 계속 확대된 이유를 학생 선발에 대한 고등학교 교원들의 영향력 확대와 대학의 자율권 확대를 모두 지향하였기에 가능하였다고 분석하였다. 즉, 현행 학생부 중심 대입제도는 고등학교 교원과 대학 교원의 학생 선발 권한 공동보유체제 또는 교사‧교수의 학생선발권한 분점체제라고 할 수 있다. 아울러, 선행연구를 종합하여 현행 학생부 중심 대입제도의 정책문제를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 현행 대입제도는 창의인재의 선발을 저해하며, 적격자 선발에 실패하고 있다. 특히, 학생부 중심 대입제도로 인하여 대입선발에서의 공정성과 객관성 약화, 내신 성적 경쟁과 입시부정의 증가가 심각해지고 있다. 또한 현행 대입제도는 사교육비 증가, 선발 불평등 심화 등의 정책문제를 야기하고 있다고 분석하였다. 이러한 분석 결과를 바탕으로 결론에서 정권 교체에 따른 대입제도의 지나친 변경과 정책문제 개선을 위해 국민 여론을 반영한 대입제도 법제화 필요성과 주요 방향을 제시하였다.

한문과 자유학년제 교육과정 편성 및 주제선택프로그램 운영 현황에 관한 연구 -서울시교육청 소속 중학교를 중심으로-

정효영 ( Jeong Hyo-young ) 한국한문교육학회 2021 한문교육논집 Vol.57 No.-

본 연구는 자유학년제 시행에 따른 한문 교과의 시수 편성과 한문 교과 연계 주제선택프로그램 운영 현황을 분석한 연구이다. 이를 통해 중학교에서 자유학년제 또는 자유학기제를 운영하고 있는 한문 교사에게 자유학년제와 관련한 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 이를 위해 선행연구를 검토하였으며, 자유학년제 시행에 따라 중학교에서 교과별 시수의 감소와 자유학기 활동의 편성에 대하여 살펴보았다. 다만, 이전 교육과정에서의 한문 시수와 비교, 심층 면접, 학교교육계획서 분석 등이 미비하다는 한계가 있다. 이러한 연구의 한계에도 불구하고 현재 시점에서 자유학년제에 따른 한문 교과의 시수 변동과 한문 관련 자유학년제 선택프로그램을 파악할 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 학교알리미의 정보공시 자료에서 ‘자유학기제 운영에 관한 사항’, ‘학교교육과정 편성ㆍ운영 및 평가에 관한 사항’에 관한 자료를 통하여 서울 소재 중학교의 자유학년제 운영에 관한 사항을 살펴보았다. 먼저, 한문 교과의 학년별 시수 현황, 자유학년제 시행에 따른 한문 교과 시수 증감 여부, 한문 교과 시수, 한문 교과 연계 자유학년제 주제선택프로그램에 관한 정보를 수집할 수 있었다. 서울 소재 중학교의 80% 이상의 학교에서 한문 교과가 개설되어 있었으며, 2학년에 편제된 경우가 다수를 차지하였다. 또한, 주당 2∼3시간으로 한문 교과를 운영하는 학교가 다수였다. 한문 교과 연계 주제선택프로그램은 102개의 프로그램이 운영 중이었으며, 이를 2015 개정 교육과정의 한문과 성취기준에 따라 분류하였다. ‘한자 어휘와 언어생활’과 관련된 프로그램이 다수였으며, 그중에서도 성어와 관련된 프로그램이 다수를 차지하였다. 그 외 인성, 문화와 관련된 프로그램이 운영되고 있었다. 이는 정규 교과 수업 시간에 여러 이유로 다루지 못하였던 영역을 자유학년제 주제선택프로그램 운영을 통하여 보완하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 본 연구는 분명한 한계가 있음에도 불구하고 현재 중학교에서 이루어지고 있는 한문 교과와 한문 교과 연계 자유학년제 주제선택프로그램 운영을 살펴볼 수 있었다. 중학교에서 경험했던 프로그램 선택의 경험은 고등학교의 고교학점제와 연결될 것이다. 이에 학생의 흥미와 수준에 부합하는 한문 교과 관련 자유학년제 주제선택프로그램 개발과 각 학교에서 운영 중인 프로그램 자료에 대한 공유가 필요할 것이다. This study is an analyzation of the current status of the Chinese character-related topic selection program and the composition of number of hours of Chinese character according to the implementation of the free grade curriculum organization. Through this, it is intend to provide materials related to the free grade system to Chinese character teachers who are operating the free grade system or the free semester system in middle schools. Precedent research was reviewed, and the number of hours per subject in middle school decreased according to the implementation of the free grade system and the organization of free semester activities was investigated. In the information disclosure data of School Alert, it is examined at the operation of the free grade system in middle schools located in Seoul through the data on ‘Details on the Free Semester System’ and ‘Details on the Organization, Operation and Evaluation of School Curriculum’. First, it was possible to collect information on the current status of hours of Chinese character subjects by grade level, whether the number of hours of Chinese character was reduced due to the implementation of the free grade system, the number of hours for Chinese character, and the topic selection program of the free grade system related to Chinese character. More than 80% of middle schools in Seoul, Chinese character subjects were offered, and most of them were organized in the second year. In addition, there were many schools that operated Chinese character subjects for 2-3 hours per week. There were 102 programs in operation for the subject selection program related to the Chinese character subject, and they were classified according to the Chinese character and achievement standards of the 2015 revised curriculum. There were many programs related to ‘Chinese Vocabulary and Language Life’, and among them, programs related to idioms accounted for the majority. Other programs related to personality and culture were being operated. It can be seen that the areas that were not covered for various reasons in the regular curriculum are being supplemented through the operation of the subject selection program of the free grade system. Although this study has obvious limitations, it was possible to examine the operation of the free-grade subject selection program in connection with the Chinese character and the Chinese character currently being conducted in middle schools. The program choices experienced in middle school will be linked to the high school credit system in high school. Therefore, it will be necessary to develop a subject selection program for the free grade system related to the Chinese character subject that meets the interests and level of the students and to share the program data operated by each school.

대입전형유형별 입학생 특성 분석

강기수,조규판 안암교육학회 2017 한국교육학연구 Vol.23 No.3

The purpose of the study is to examine the differences of characteristics of enrolling students by college admission tract and give suggestions of policy based on the results from the study. For the purpose the characteristics of 187,631 enrolling students in 2015 and 2016 from 46 universities were analyzed. The differences of characteristics of enrolling students by type and region of high school they graduated, whether or not they got national scholarship at university, whether or not dropouts, income bracket, and GPA were analyzed. There were differences of characteristics of enrolling students by type and region of high school they graduated, whether or not they got national scholarship at university, whether or not dropouts, income bracket, and GPA. The admission officer system and high school grades focused selection system are favorable students who live in rural area and low in SES comparing to essayfocused selection system and SAT focused selection system. Students who entered university by the admission officer system and high school grades focused selection system show low rate of dropouts, high GPA comparing to essayfocused selection system The results suggest administering various curriculum, recording and administering student record objectively, considering the method to reducing teacher task, building fair evaluation system, simplifying college admission system and evaluation component, administering various college admission. 이 연구는 대입전형유형별 입학생의 특성의 차이를 분석하고, 이에 근거하여 정책제언을 하 는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 고교교육 정상화 기여대학 사업에 참여하 고 있는 전국 46여개 대학의 2015년, 2016년 전체 입학생 187,631명을 대상으로 대입전 형유형별 특성을 전수 조사하여 분석하였다. 대입전형유형별 입학생 특성을 분석하기 위하여 대입전형유형별 출신고교 유형, 출신고교 지역, 국가장학금 수혜여부, 중도탈락여부, 소득분 위, 학업성취도(GPA) 간 차이를 분석하였다. 분석결과 대입전형유형별 출신고교 유형 간, 출신고교 지역 간에 차이가 있었다. 또 대입전 형유형별 중도탈락 여부, 국가장학금 수혜여부, 소득분위, 학업성취도(GPA)에도 차이가 있었 다. 이러한 분석 결과를 통해 학생부종합전형이나 학생부교과전형은 논술위주전형이나 수능 위주전형에 비하여 지역적, 경제적으로 취약한 학생들에게 유리한 전형임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 학생부종합전형과 학생부교과전형은 대학 적응의 가장 중요한 요소인 중도탈락률이나 학업성취도에서 수능위주전형보다 긍정적인 결과를 보여주고 있었다. 이에 근거한 정책제언으로 다양한 전형을 고려한 다양하고 융통성 있는 교육과정 운영, 공정 하고 객관적인 생활기록부의 기록과 관리, 교사의 업무 경감 방안 강구, 투명하고 공정한 평 가시스템 구축, 대입전형 평가요소의 간소화와 유형화, 다양한 대입전형 운영 등을 제시할 수 있다.

종합 평점과 다기준 평점을 선택적으로 활용하는 협업필터링 기반 하이브리드 추천 시스템

구민정(Min Jung Ku),안현철(Hyunchul Ahn) 한국지능정보시스템학회 2018 지능정보연구 Vol.24 No.2

Recommender system recommends the items expected to be purchased by a customer in the future according to his or her previous purchase behaviors. It has been served as a tool for realizing one-to-one personalization for an e-commerce service company. Traditional recommender systems, especially the recommender systems based on collaborative filtering (CF), which is the most popular recommendation algorithm in both academy and industry, are designed to generate the items list for recommendation by using ‘overall rating’ – a single criterion. However, it has critical limitations in understanding the customers’ preferences in detail. Recently, to mitigate these limitations, some leading e-commerce companies have begun to get feedback from their customers in a form of ‘multicritera ratings’. Multicriteria ratings enable the companies to understand their customers’ preferences from the multidimensional viewpoints. Moreover, it is easy to handle and analyze the multidimensional ratings because they are quantitative. But, the recommendation using multicritera ratings also has limitation that it may omit detail information on a user’s preference because it only considers three-to-five predetermined criteria in most cases. Under this background, this study proposes a novel hybrid recommendation system, which selectively uses the results from ‘traditional CF’ and ‘CF using multicriteria ratings’. Our proposed system is based on the premise that some people have holistic preference scheme, whereas others have composite preference scheme. Thus, our system is designed to use traditional CF using overall rating for the users with holistic preference, and to use CF using multicriteria ratings for the users with composite preference. To validate the usefulness of the proposed system, we applied it to a real-world dataset regarding the recommendation for POI (point-of-interests). Providing personalized POI recommendation is getting more attentions as the popularity of the location-based services such as Yelp and Foursquare increases. The dataset was collected from university students via a Web-based online survey system. Using the survey system, we collected the overall ratings as well as the ratings for each criterion for 48 POIs that are located near K university in Seoul, South Korea. The criteria include ‘food or taste’, ‘price’ and ‘service or mood’. As a result, we obtain 2,878 valid ratings from 112 users. Among 48 items, 38 items (80%) are used as training dataset, and the remaining 10 items (20%) are used as validation dataset. To examine the effectiveness of the proposed system (i.e. hybrid selective model), we compared its performance to the performances of two comparison models – the traditional CF and the CF with multicriteria ratings. The performances of recommender systems were evaluated by using two metrics - average MAE(mean absolute error) and precision-in-top-N. Precision-in-top-N represents the percentage of truly high overall ratings among those that the model predicted would be the N most relevant items for each user. The experimental system was developed using Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). The experimental results showed that our proposed system (avg. MAE = 0.584) outperformed traditional CF (avg. MAE = 0.591) as well as multicriteria CF (avg. AVE = 0.608). We also found that multicriteria CF showed worse performance compared to traditional CF in our data set, which is contradictory to the results in the most previous studies. This result supports the premise of our study that people have two different types of preference schemes – holistic and composite. Besides MAE, the proposed system outperformed all the comparison models in precision-in-top-3, precision-in-top-5, and precision-in-top-7. The results from the paired samples t-test presented that our proposed system outperformed traditional CF with 10% statistical significance level, and multicriteria CF with 1% statistical significance l