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Evaluation of pilot-scale in-vessel composting for Hanwoo manure management
Jeong, Kwang-Hwa,Kim, Jung Kon,Ravindran, Balasubramani,Lee, Dong Jun,Wong, Jonathan Woon-Chung,Selvam, Ammaiyappan,Karthikeyan, Obuli P.,Kwag, Jung-Hoon Elsevier Applied Science 2017 Bioresource technology Vol.245 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The study investigated the effect of in-vessel composting process on Hanwoo manure in two different South Korea regions (Pyeongchang and Goechang) with sawdust using vertical cylindrical in-vessel bioreactor for 42days. The stability and quality of Hanwoo manure in both regions were improved and confirmed through the positive changes in physico-chemical and phytotoxic properties using different commercial seed crops. The pH and electrical conductivity (EC, ds/m) of composted manure in both regions were slightly increased. At the same time, carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio and ammonium nitrogen:nitrate nitrogen (NH<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP>-N:NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP>-N) ratio decreased to 13.4–16.1 and 0.36–0.37, respectively. The germination index (GI, %) index was recorded in the range of 67.6–120.9%, which was greater than 50%, indicating phytotoxin-free compost. Although, composted manure values in Goechang region were better in significant parameters, overall results confirmed that the composting process could lead to complete maturation of the composted product in both regions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> In-vessel composting process was effective in Hanwoo manure management. </LI> <LI> Both South Korea regions Hanwoo manure yielded matured and phytotoxic-free composts. </LI> <LI> Key process parameters were within the relevant compost standards. </LI> </UL> </P>
김두현,정지윤,오은정,한민수 한국문화재보존과학회 2022 보존과학회지 Vol.38 No.4
We made a Korean white porcelain or Joseon Baekja jar and based on the raw materials used and reproductions of each stage, we aimed to compare and analyze the physicochemical changes of the raw materials such as clay at each manufacturing stage, as well as identify the characteristics and correlations. Although the basic main components of clay and glaze material are similar, their texture becomes denser in the process of bisque firing pottery (Chobeol-pyeon) and glaze firing pottery (Jaebeol-pyeon), and we confirmed that in addition to the tendency of increasing vitrification, low-temperature minerals such as mica and illite gradually disappeared, while high-temperature minerals such as cristobalite were newly created. This phenomenon has also been verified by the rapid decrease in absorption rate while the change in specific gravity was small. In addition, the color was greatly affected by the firing atmosphere, and the yellow-red chromaticity of the raw materials was higher during bisque firing but showed a rapidly decreasing characteristic during glaze firing. The value of magnetic susceptibility, which is related to iron (Fe) component, showed a tendency to decrease in glaze firing pottery. CT images were confirmed as a method that can indirectly estimatethe change in the material properties of the object step-by-step for the entire object. In conclusion,the study of manufacturing stages of reproduction can provide basic data for scientific research onthe estimation of porcelain and pottery making technology and changes in raw materials.
Kim, Jung Kon,Lee, Dong Jun,Ravindran, Balasubramani,Jeong, Kwang-Hwa,Wong, Jonathan Woon-Chung,Selvam, Ammaiyappan,Karthikeyan, Obuli P.,Kwag, Jung-Hoon Elsevier Applied Science 2017 Bioresource technology Vol.245 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The study investigated the effect of different initial moisture (IM) content (55, 60, 65, and 70%) of composting mixtures (swine manure and sawdust) for the production of nutrient rich manure, and the recovery of ammonia through a condensation process using a vertical cylindrical in-vessel composter for 56days. The composting resulted in a significant reduction in C:N ratio and electrical conductivity (EC), with a slight increase in pH in all products. The NH<SUB>3</SUB> were emitted notably, and at the same time the NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP>-N concentration gradually increased with the reduction of NH<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP>-N in the composting mixtures. The overall results confirmed, the 65% IM showed the maximum nutritional yield, maturity and non-phytotoxic effects (<I>Lycopersicon esculentum</I> L.), with the results of ideal compost product in the following order of IM: 65%>60%>70%>55%. Finally, the recovered condensed ammonia contained considerable ammonium nitrogen concentrations and could be used as fertilizer.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The integration of two process is a good strategy for swine manure management. </LI> <LI> The final compost from 65% initial moisture content treatment has well matured. </LI> <LI> A considerable amount of ammonium nitrogen recovered through a condensation process. </LI> <LI> Future study is needed on recovered ammonium nitrogen used as a liquid fertilizer. </LI> </UL> </P>