어머니의 상위정서, 유아의 부정적 정서에 대한 어머니의 반응, 유아의 자아탄력성, 유아의 문제행동 간의 관계

김소라,김희태 한국열린교육학회 2018 열린교육연구 Vol.26 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate young children's gender difference of mothers' meta-emotion, mothers' reaction to young children's negative emotion, young children’s ego-resilience, and their behavior problem, and to examine effects of the relationship among mothers' meta-emotion, mothers' reactions to young children's negative emotion, young children's ego-resilience, and their behavior problem. The subjects were 279 pairs of preschoolers and their mothers who were enrolled in 11 child's care centers near Seoul. Mothers were asked to complete the questionnaire that assesses their meta-emotion and reactions to young children’s negative emotion, and teachers responded to the questionnaire that assesses young children’s ego-resilience and behavior problem. The results were as follows. First, there were meaningful differences on young children's gender in suppressive attitude and supportive beliefs of mothers' meta-emotion and young children's ego-resilience. Second, there were meaningful correlation among mothers' meta-emotion, mothers' reactions to young children's negative emotion, young children's ego-resilience, and their behavior problem. Third, mothers' supportive reactions to young children's negative emotion, attachment and self-control of their ego-resilience affected young children’s externalizing behavior problem. Also it was said that empathic acceptance, suppressive attitude, and supportive beliefs of mothers' meta-emotion, mothers' reactions to young children's negative emotion, and attachment, self-control, initiativeness of ego-resilience affected young children’s internalizing behavior problem. 본 연구는 유아의 성별에 따라 어머니의 상위정서, 유아의 부정적 정서에 대한 어머니의 반응, 유아의 자아탄력성, 문제행동이 차이가 있는지와 이들 변인들 간의 관계는 어떠하고 아울러 유아의 문제행동에 대한 각 변인들의 영향력이 어떠한지 살펴보는 것이 주된 목적이다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 서울 및 경기지역에 있는 유아교육기관 어머니-유아 279쌍을 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유아의 성별에 따라 어머니의 상위정서의 억압적 태도와 지지적 신념, 유아의 자아탄력성은 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 어머니의 상위정서, 유아의 부정적 정서에 대한 어머니의 반응, 유아의 자아탄력성, 유아의 문제행동은 유의미한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 유아의 외현화 문제행동에는 유아의 부정적 정서에 대한 어머니의 반응 중 지지적 반응, 유아의 자아탄력성 중 자기통제, 애착이 영향을 미치고 있었다. 넷째, 유아의 내재화 문제행동에는 어머니의 상위정서 중 억압적 태도, 공감적 수용, 지지적 신념과 유아의 부정적 정서에 대한 어머니의 반응 중 지지적 반응과 비지지적 반응, 그리고 유아의 자아탄력성 중 애착, 자기통제, 주도성이 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

유아의 부정적 정서에 대한 어머니의 지지적 반응과 비지지적 반응이 유아의 내면화 및 외현화 문제행동에 미치는 영향

윤경미,한세영 한국보육지원학회 2017 한국보육지원학회지 Vol.13 No.3

Objective: This study investigates the main effects and interaction effects of mother's reactions to young children's negative emotions on the children's problem behaviors. Methods: A total of 346 mothers with toddlers completed questionnaires, the data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Results: First, mothers’ supportive response to young children’s negative emotions, including expressive encouragement, emotion-focused reactions, and problem-focused reactions, showed negative relations with the children’s internal and external problem behaviors. Mothers' unsupportive response to children’s negative emotions, including distress reactions, minimization reactions, and punitive reactions, showed positive relations with the children’s internal and external problem behaviors. Second, an interactive effect was observed. For external problem behavior, mothers' lower distress reactions accompanied by higher emotion-focused reactions, lower punitive reactions accompanied by higher emotion-focused reactions, lower distress reactions accompanied by higher problem-focused reactions, and lower punitive reactions accompanied by higher problem-focused reactions all decreased children′s problem behavior. However, for internal problem behavior, only mothers' lower distress reactions accompanied by higher emotion-focused reaction decreased children′s problem behavior. Conclusion/Implication: The main interaction effect on mothers’ reaction to young children’s negative emotional expression shows that preventive intervention is needed to address problem behavior.

과제 수행 상황에서 아동의 정서, 어머니의 대응 반응, 아동의 자기 조절간의 관계

송하나,최경숙 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 2009 한국심리학회지 발달 Vol.22 No.2

This study examined the relations between children's emotion and mothers' reactions to these emotions, and the mediating effect of mothers' reactions to these relations. Sixty two children at age 6 and their mothers who lives in Seoul, participated in this study. Children's and mothers's interactive behaviors during a dictation task performance were videotaped and analyzed in terms of children's emotion(smile, sadness, anger, neutral) and self-regulation, and mothers' directive control, intrusiveness, encouragement, helping behavior, ignoring, and positive emotion expression to children. The effect of children's time to complete the task were controlled through the hierarchical multiple regression technique. Results showed that children's emotions were significantly associated with certain types of mothers' reactions. For example, mothers showed positive emotions more frequently in response to the children's smiling. In addition, children's self-regulation were significantly predicted by children's smiling and neutral reactions, and especially by mothers' encouragement. But, the mediating effect of the mothers' encouragement was not significant. Discussion was made on the basis of children's socialization by mothers, and the effects of mothers' scaffolding on the children's problem solving. 본 연구는 과제 수행 상황에서 아동이 나타내는 정서적 반응에 대한 어머니의 대응 반응의 유형을 알아보고 이러한 대응 반응들이 아동의 자기 조절 능력에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위해 실시되었다. 아동 발달 종단 연구에 참여한 중산층 가정의 만 6세 아동과 어머니 62쌍이 실험실을 방문하여 받아쓰기 과제를 수행하였다. 과제를 수행하는 동안 관찰된 아동과 어머니의 상호작용 행동들을 비디오로 녹화하고 두 명의 코더가 아동의 정서 반응과 어머니의 대응 반응 유형에 따라 평정하였다. 개인차가 큰 과제 수행 시간을 통제한 위계적 다중 회귀 분석을 실시한 결과 아동이 과제 수행 동안 정적 정서를 보일 때 어머니도 정적 정서로 대응하는 경향이 있었으며, 아동의 부적 정서에는 지시하기 같은 통제적 반응을 많이 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 아동의 화내기는 과제 상황에서 아동의 자기 조절을 저해하였던 반면, 아무런 정서를 보이지 않은 중립 반응과 웃음은 자기 조절과 유의한 정적 관계가 있었다. 이 외에 어머니의 대응 반응 중 격려하기가 아동의 자기 조절에 미치는 영향력이 유의한 것으로 나타났는데, 수행 시간에 따라 세 집단으로 나누어 본 결과 평균 정도의 수행 시간을 소요한 집단에서만 어머니의 격려와 아동의 자기 조절간의 관련성이 유의하였다. 이는 아동과 어머니의 상호 작용이 수행 시간에 따라 달라진다는 것을 제시한다. 본 연구에서는 아동의 기질과 개인별 능력차를 고려하지 못한 점이 있어 이를 후속 연구에서 더 생각해야 할 것이다.

감정코칭 부모교육이 어머니의 정서반응태도와 양육효능감에 미치는 효과

서숙경,김은경 한국아동심리재활학회 2012 놀이치료연구 Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the change of emotional reaction attitude of mothers and parenting efficacy according the emotion-coaching parent education program. The subjects of this study were mothers who referred in play therapy session and art therapy session because of their child's emotion control problem, and 3 mothers who scored lowest score at emotional reaction attitude test were participated. The questions of study were as follows. First, is there any effects in emotion-coaching parent education program on mother's emotional reaction attitude toward child's emotion? Second, is there any effects in emotion-coaching parent education program on mother's parentig efficacy? The program conducted once a week, 120minutes, totally, 8 session. To examine the changes of emotional reaction attitude of mothers, Emotional Reaction Attitude Scale in pre/post-test and follow up were used and analyzed for first questions of study. To examine the changes of parentig efficacy of mothers, Parenting Sense of Competence(PSOC) in pre/post-test were used and analyzed for second questions of study. The result of study is as follows: First, emotion-coaching parent education program has changed the mother's emotional reaction attitude to be supportive. Also in Emotional Reaction Attitude Scale, mother's emotional reaction attitude were changed to be supportive and the changes were maintained. Second, emotion-coaching parent education program has raised parentig efficacy. 본 연구는 감정코칭 부모교육 프로그램이 어머니의 정서반응태도와 양육효능감에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 실시되었다. 연구대상은 D대학 미술치료 및 놀이치료실에서 치료중인 어머니 중 부모교육에 참여하고 싶은 어머니들에게 정서반응태도검사를 실시해서 최하위 점수를 획득한 어머니들 3명이었다. 연구문제는 첫째, 감정코칭 부모교육 프로그램이 자녀의 정서에 대한 어머니의 정서반응태도를 지지적으로 변화시키는가, 둘째, 감정코칭 부모교육 프로그램이 어머니의 양육효능감을 향상시키는가였다. 감정코칭 부모교육 프로그램은 부모의 정서반응태도의 중요성 인식하기, 자녀의 감정 인식하기, 감정적 순간에 대한 인식 변화시키기, 자녀의 감정에 공감하고 경청하기, 자녀가 감정을 표현하도록 돕기, 자녀 스스로 문제를 해결하도록 돕고 한계 정해주기에 중점을 두고, 주 1회, 120분, 총 8회기 실시되었다. 어머니의 정서반응태도의 변화를 살펴보기 위해 프로그램의 사전․사후 및 추후에 정서반응태도 척도의 점수를 비교하였고 양육효능감의 변화를 살펴보기 위해 사전․사후에 양육효능감 척도의 점수를 비교하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 감정코칭 부모교육은 어머니의 정서반응태도를 지지적으로 변화시켰고 프로그램이 끝난 이후에도 지지적 정서반응태도가 계속 유지되었다. 둘째, 감정코칭 부모교육은 어머니의 양육효능감을 향상시켰다. 즉, 감정코칭 부모교육 프로그램이 어머니의 정서반응태도를 지지적으로 변화시키고 양육효능감을 향상시키는데 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

유아의 사회적 위축성과 관련된 자녀의 부정적 정서에 대한 어머니의 반응 및 정서표현성

권연희 ( Yeon Hee Kwon ) 대한가정학회 2012 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.50 No.5

This study examined the effects of mothers` reactions toward children`s negative emotion as well as mothers` emotional expressivity on children`s social withdrawal. 206 children (103 boys, 103 girls; aged 4-5 years old) and their mothers participated in the study. Mothers reported their reactions to their child`s negative emotion along with their expressivity. The teachers completed a rating scale to measure children`s social withdrawal. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson`s productive correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regressions. The results showed a relation between mothers` distress reactions and punitive responses and children`s social withdrawal. A mother`s positive expressivity was negatively related to a child`s social withdrawal. A hierarchical regression analysis indicated that the effects of mothers` punitive responses and minimization responses on children`s withdrawal were moderated by a mother`s positive expressivity. Mothers` punitive responses and minimization responses were positively associated with children`s social withdrawal, especially for children who had the lowest level of mother`s positive expressivity.

The Interactive Effects of Mothers` Reactions and Children`s Temperament on 3- to 6-Year-Olds` Aggression

Hye Jung Cho 한국아동학회 2013 Child studies in Asia-Pacific context Vol.3 No.2

The present study investigated the direct and interactive effects of children`s temperament and mothers` reactions to hypothetical vignettes of children`s aggression on 3- to 6-year-old children`s overt aggression (OA) and relational aggression (RA). A total of 317 mothers of 3- to 6-year-old children and 26 teachers from eight day-care centers and kindergartens were contacted. Each mother reported her child`s background, assessed her child`s temperament and responded to the Mothers` Reaction to Hypothetical Vignettes of Children`s Aggression (MRCA) scale. Children`s OA and RA were assessed by teachers. Results showed that high levels of children`s surgency predicted children`s OA and RA. Although mothers` reactions did not predict children`s OA and RA directly, significant interactions indicated that mothers` restrictive reactions were more strongly related to children`s OA for children with high levels of surgency and low levels of effortful control. In addition, mothers` responsive reactions were more strongly related to children`s OA for children with low levels of surgency. This study demonstrates that relative contributions of children`s temperament and mothers` reactions differ according to the form of children`s aggression. It also shows that certain types and levels of mothers` reactions to children`s aggressive behavior can be critical for children with certain types and levels of temperament in developing children`s overt aggression. The findings of this study can be applied to building early prevention and future intervention programs for young children`s aggression.

The Interactive Effects of Mothers’ Reactions and Children’s Temperament on 3- to 6-Year-Olds’ Aggression

조혜정 한국아동학회 2013 Child studies in Asia-Pacific context Vol.3 No.2

The present study investigated the direct and interactive effects of children’s temperament andmothers’ reactions to hypothetical vignettes of children’s aggression on 3- to 6-year-old children’s overt aggression (OA) and relational aggression (RA). A total of 317 mothers of 3- to 6-year-old children and 26 teachers from eight day-care centers and kindergartens were contacted. Each mother reported her child’s background, assessed her child’s temperament and responded to the Mothers’ Reaction to Hypothetical Vignettes of Children’s Aggression(MRCA) scale. Children’s OA and RA were assessed by teachers. Results showed that highlevels of children’s surgency predicted children’s OA and RA. Although mothers’ reactions didnot predict children’s OA and RA directly, significant interactions indicated that mothers’ restrictive reactions were more strongly related to children’s OA for children with high levels of surgency and low levels of effortful control. In addition, mothers’ responsive reactions were more strongly related to children’s OA for children with low levels of surgency. This study demonstrates that relative contributions of children’s temperament and mothers’ reactions differ according to the form of children’s aggression. It also shows that certain types and levels of mothers’ reactions to children’s aggressive behavior can be critical for children with certain types and levels of temperament in developing children’s overt aggression. The findings of this study can be applied to building early prevention and future intervention programs for young children’s aggression.

The Interactive Effects of Mothers' Reactions and Children's Temperament on 3- to 6-Year-Olds' Aggression

Cho, Hye Jung Korean Association of Child Studies 2013 Child studies in Asia-Pacific context Vol.3 No.2

The present study investigated the direct and interactive effects of children's temperament and mothers' reactions to hypothetical vignettes of children's aggression on 3- to 6-year-old children's overt aggression (OA) and relational aggression (RA). A total of 317 mothers of 3- to 6-year-old children and 26 teachers from eight day-care centers and kindergartens were contacted. Each mother reported her child's background, assessed her child's temperament and responded to the Mothers' Reaction to Hypothetical Vignettes of Children's Aggression (MRCA) scale. Children's OA and RA were assessed by teachers. Results showed that high levels of children's surgency predicted children's OA and RA. Although mothers' reactions did not predict children's OA and RA directly, significant interactions indicated that mothers' restrictive reactions were more strongly related to children's OA for children with high levels of surgency and low levels of effortful control. In addition, mothers' responsive reactions were more strongly related to children's OA for children with low levels of surgency. This study demonstrates that relative contributions of children's temperament and mothers' reactions differ according to the form of children's aggression. It also shows that certain types and levels of mothers' reactions to children's aggressive behavior can be critical for children with certain types and levels of temperament in developing children's overt aggression. The findings of this study can be applied to building early prevention and future intervention programs for young children's aggression.

걸음마기 영아의 부정적 정서에 대한 어머니의 반응에 영향을 미치는 요인

김양은(Kim, Yang-Eun),하지영(Ha, Ji-Young) 한국영유아보육학회 2015 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.95

본 연구의 목적은 걸음마기 영아의 부정적 정서에 대한 어머니의 반응에 영향을 미치는 변인과 그 영향력을 알아보는데 있다. 연구대상은 18~36개월 영아를 둔 어머니 141명 이었으며, 자료분석 방법으로는 t 검증, ANOVA, Pearson 상관분석, 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자녀의 부정적 정서에 대한 어머니의 반응이 자녀와 어머니의 배경에 따라 차이가 있는지 살펴본 결과, 영아의 월령, 출생순위와 어머니의 연령에 따라 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 영아의 출생순위, 어머니의 연령, 영아와 어머니의 부정적 정서성과 부모역할 부담감 및 디스트레스 수준이 부정적 정서에 대한 어머니의 비지지적 반응과 유의미한 상관이 있었다. 셋째, 어머니의 비지지적 반응에 가장 강력한 예언변인은 어머니의 연령과 영아의 부정적 정서성으로 나타났다. 또, 어머니의 부정적 정서성도 어머니의 비지지적 반응을 예측하는 유의미한 변인임을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 영아 및 어머니의 특성에 따라 어머니가 자녀의 부정적 정서를 다루는 방식이 달라질 수 있음을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 부정적 정서가 증가하는 걸음마기 영아들을 훈육함에 있어 어머니가 아동의 건강한 발달을 위해 적합한 반응을 할 수 있도록 그 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study is to find out variables and the influence affecting mothers’ reaction to toddlers’ negative emotions. Subjects were 141 mothers with toddlers aged 18 to 36 months and t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were carried out. The study results can be summarized as follows: First, we examined if mothers’ reaction to their toddlers’ negative emotions varies depending on the background of toddlers and mothers and as a result, there was a difference depending on toddler’s month, birth order and mother"s age. Second, there was a significant correlation between toddler"s birth order, mother"s age, negative emotionality of toddlers and their mothers, parenting burden and distress level and mother’s unsupported reaction to her toddler’s negative emotion. Third, the most powerful predictors to mother’s unsupported reaction were found to be mother’s age and negative emotionality of toddlers. And it was also found that negative emotionality of mothers is a significant variable predicting unsupported reaction of mothers. This study found that the mother’s way to deal with her child’s negative emotions may vary depending on the characteristics of toddlers and mothers. This study is of significance in providing the basic materials to ensure that mothers can do appropriate reaction for the healthy development of their children in training toddlers with increasing negative emotions.

어머니의 정서표현성과 부정적 정서표현에 대한 반응이 아동의 정서지능에 미치는 영향

강현지 ( Hyun Jee Kang ),임정하 ( Jungha Lim ) 대한가정학회 2015 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.53 No.3

This study examines child emotional intelligence in relation to mother’s emotional expressiveness and reaction to child negative emotions. A sample of 352 children and mothers from 4 elementary schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi participated in the study. Child emotional intelligence and mother’s reaction to child negative emotions were evaluated by child-report, and mother’s emotional expressiveness was assessed by mother-report. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, two-way analysis of variances, Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analyses. The findings were as follows. First, mothers of boys showed more oversensitive-reaction to child negative emotions than mothers of girls. Mothers of 6th-graders showed more emotion-minimizing-reaction to child negative emotions than mothers of 5th-graders. Second, girls showed a higher level of overall emotional intelligence than boys. Girls showed a higher level of emotion expression and emotion regulation than boys. The 5th-graders showed higher level of emotion expression than 6th-graders; however, 6th graders showed a higher level of emotion perception than 5th-graders. Third, more emotion-coaching-reaction and less oversensitive-reaction by mothers predicted a better emotional intelligence of children. A mother’s appropriate emotional socialization behaviors associated with child emotional intelligence were discussed.