On the Nature of Locality: Locality Circumvention Effects in Passivization of Applicative Structures

Ju-Eun Lee 현대문법학회 2005 현대문법연구 Vol.39 No.-

This article explores the nature of locality principle. In particular, we compare two recent conceptions of locality, which are Chomsky s (2001a, 2001b) phase-based implementation of locality and Hiraiwa s (2003) version of cyclic derivational locality. We present a new piece of empirical arguments against Hiraiwa (2003) from locality circumvention effects observed in passivization of applicative structures. We show that the locality circumvention phenomenon induced by wh-movement of a higher internal argument when a lower internal argument undergoes passivizing A-movement past it in low applicative structures cannot be explained under Hiraiwa s cyclic locality computation, whereas it can be well accounted for under Chomsky s phase-based evaluation view, which is a partly representational version of locality principle.

Anti-Locality Effect and Labeling Algorithm

Kwon, Kiyang(권기양) 새한영어영문학회 2018 새한영어영문학 Vol.60 No.2

In the recent Minimalist Theory, there occur controversial aspects of locality effect. Locality effect is considered to prohibit the movement that is too long. On contrary, there occurs an opposite effect, in terms of the anti-locality which indicates that movement must be local, but not too local. In this respect, we will face the following questions. (i) Is there one locality condition in grammar or are there two? and (ii) How do standard locality and anti-locality go together? As for these questions, we will suggest that a standard locality is the only efficient condition in Minimalist Theory. In order to support this argument, we will point out some problems of anti-locality constraint in Erlewine (2015) and propose that the effect of anti-locality can be derived by C-T inheritance in Chomsky (2008) and labeling algorithm in Chomsky (2013, 2015).

문학담론에서 로컬리티 구성과 전략

문재원(Moon Jae-Won) 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2008 한국민족문화 Vol.32 No.-

The present study examined how studies on locality and literature can encounter each other and what they can produce. First of all, we reviewed discourses on locality and local literature in order to see in what ways locality has been monopolized. According to the results, such discourses partially implied: 1) the locality of geographical space; 2) nativeness and aboriginality; 3) local centripetalism based on productive regional relation; 4) locality of postcolonial and postmodern methodologies; 5) locality of practical solidarities, etc. The present study viewed locality as a concept implying vertical hierarchy and horizontal relation. Thus, locality can be defined not as fixed and privileged consciousness but as the whole of space, time and various phenomena and relations indicating a specific place and a concept comprehending marginality that outlines human consciousness. Local and locality defined as whole and fundamental concepts show a creative force crossing the plain of literature in a new perspective, going beyond local spaces deployed in established hierarchical order. Therefore, locality as a methodology is cautious against telling only an aspect exposed by the effect of discourses invented by the power of perspective. In particular, if literature is a process of shaping a fact into a reality rather than describing a fact, the fictional statement of literature may approach closer the discourse formation process that 'crosses' local. In issues such as the recording of literature history, the reproduction of places, and literary discourses as practical solidarities, locality will be settled as a new methodology of value realization that gets out of the own land and creates values changing the self and the world.

로컬 시네마의 개념 변천과 아시아 영화에 나타난 로컬리티 사례들

김시무(Kim, See Moo) 한국영화학회 2013 영화연구 Vol.0 No.56

The purpose of this paper is to define the concept of locality shown in the Korean local cinema and the Asian Film. What is the local cinema? Really able to apply the concept of Local Cinema Korean movie? What is the condition of the local cinema? Local / locality appeared to an topic of the domestic academia is not that old. The background has been functioning in the post-modern cultural logic emerged as a major research agenda locality. In addition, with the socio-economic and spatial variations of the global capitalism, the problem of local came to surface in the main topic. Change as a global role in the decline of the nation-state and its function, the global and the local is due to face directly. In this paper, the concept of locality is accessible in three ways. The Substratum of locality, the hierarchy of locality, and the recognition & value of the locality are dealing with. Only American movie called Hollywood Movie, Korean movie the Chungmuro Film, and the Shanghai Film Chinese Movie in the substratum of locality. But, according to the hierarchy of the locality, Hollywood movies is the global cinema, the Chungmuro film is the local cinema. The recognition & value of the locality is necessary, in order to overcome the hierarchical locality concerning work and the pursuit of the post-modern, decentralized locality. For example, a decentralized and postmodern film “Paju”, dealing with the city of fog as well as the border city as a background, is a local cinema. Film “Jiseul” will fit in the definition of Local Cinema, seen in the various aspects. That movie directly addressed the issue such as Jeju 4.3 Insurrection by the filmmakers of Jeju Island. Also film “I came from Busan”, geopolitical characteristics that best implemented in the work fits well with the concept of a local cinema. In the sense that thoroughly based on the daily spatiality, that of “Pomildong Blues” is true local cinema. Emphasis on local how to escape from the domination of global capital. For trans-locality, based on this study must be followed.

지역성, 공영성, 상업성 개념에 관한 지역방송 내부자들의 인식

이서현,최낙진 서울대학교 언론정보연구소 2023 언론정보연구 Vol.60 No.1

Broadcasting is a more concept-oriented medium, compared to newspapers and new media. Publicity is one of its representative concepts. Local broadcasting adds 'locality' to it. Although commerciality cannot be said to be a coined concept, it has been long established as a concept that presupposes the logics of management and the profit model of broadcasting. This study explored how local broadcasting reporters and PDs perceive these concepts and how they are presented in the news and program production process. First, they understood locality as a key concept that maintained the identity of local broadcasting. Although locality was not specifically conceptualized, the space of the local area and issues occurred in the local area were linked to locality. It could be said that spatiality and the value as issues are embodied in the region. Some argued that the concept of locality should be newly established because the current media environment often prevented space and issues from being limited to the local areas. Publicity was to be accepted as a concept that means the original responsibilities of reporters and PDs, and 'impartiality' and 'exclusion of external interference' were considered as the core of ensuring publicness. For commerciality, it tended to be accepted uncomfortably, but it was gradually being received as a profit model management strategy to fulfill the role of broadcasters. Next, it was confirmed that the degree of influence of the concepts of locality, publicity, and commerciality on the process of news or program production varied depending on broadcasters and job types. These concepts were compromised or certain concepts took precedence depending on the issue. Local broadcasting insiders mixed locality and publicity in the same context, and regarded commerciality as a major means of realizing locality and publicity. Nevertheless, they expressed their firmness in that locality and publicity were the core values that local broadcasting should be pursuing. On the other hand, it is worth noting that all local broadcasting insiders value “in-depthness” that was not originally assumed in this study. This showed that the concept of in-depthness was being highlighted as a practical strategy that can ensure commerciality as well as locality and publicity. 방송은 신문이나 뉴미디어에 비해 다분히 개념 지향적 매체이다. ‘공영성’은 그 대표적 개념 중 하나이다. 지역방송은 여기에 ‘지역성’을 추가한다. 상업성은 명명화된 개념이라 할 수는 없지만 방송의 경영논리와 수익모델을 전제하는 개념으로 자리 잡은 지 오래이다. 본 연구에서는 지역방송 기자와 PD들이 이러한 개념들을 어떻게 인식하고 있으며, 이것이 뉴스와 프로그램 생산과정에 어떻게 구현되고 있는지 살펴보았다. 먼저, 이들은 지역성을 지역방송의 정체성을 유지하는 핵심 개념으로 이해하고 있었다. 지역성을 특정하여 개념화 하지는 않았으나, 해당 지역이라는 공간과 지역에서 발생하는 소재를 지역성과 결부시키고 있었다. 공간성과 소재성의 지역 내 체화라 할 수있다. 일부는 지금의 미디어 환경이 공간과 소재를 지역에 국한할 수 없게 하는 경우가많은 만큼 지역성 개념을 새롭게 정립해야 한다는 견해를 피력하기도 했다. 공영성은 기자와 PD의 본래 책무를 의미하는 개념으로 받아들여지고 있었으며, ‘불편부당성’과 ‘외부의 간섭 배제’를 공영성 유지의 핵심으로 보고 있었다. 상업성은 그 용어 자체를 불편하게 받아들이는 경향을 보였지만, 방송사의 역할 수행을 위한 수익모델 경영 전략으로 점차 수용되고 있는 추세였다. 다음으로 지역성, 공영성, 상업성 개념들이 뉴스나 프로그램 생산과정에 미치는 영향 정도가 방송사별, 직종별에 따라 다름을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 개념들은 사안에 따라 절충되거나 특정 개념이 우선되기도 했다. 지역방송 내부자들은 지역성과 공영성을 동일한 맥락에서 혼용하고 있었으며, 상업성을 지역성과 공영성 실현을 위한 주요 수단으로 여기고 있었다. 그러함에도 이들은 지역성과 공영성을 지역방송이 담보해야 할 핵심 가치라는 점에서는 확고함을 드러냈다. 한편, 본래 이 연구에서 상정하지 않았던 ‘심층성’을 지역방송 내부자들 모두가 중시하고 있다는 점은 눈여겨 볼만하다. 이는 지역성과 공영성 구현은 물론 상업성까지도 담보할 수 있는 실천 전략으로 심층성 개념이 부각되고 있음을 보여준다.

철학의 로컬리티와 『동서철학연구』의 이- 지역학술지의 위상제고를 위한 小考력

송석랑 한국동서철학회 2019 동서철학연구 Vol.0 No.91

The issue of the status of local scholarly journals in western philosophy in Korea can be raised in duplicate, in other words, in two aspects of locality (the nature of location). This means that the status of the journals can be raised through our attempts to solve the problems which originate from point ①, and to search for ways which point ② needs. ① Peripheralities like a lack of sophisticated text accessibility or understanding, an inadequate research environment, a dearth of information on recent research achievements, a distance from foremost or advanced researchers at home or abroad; which can be described as a locality of philosophy in a negative meaning. ② is the difference or specificity that the logic of postmodern philosophy points to as an alternative to identity that has been pursued by traditional philosophy, which can be called a locality of philosophy in a positive meaning. In considering these two facts, the problem of the status of local scholarly journals can be told in two aspects which are correlated. Through a study on the case of the Studies In Philosophy East-West, I will present why the local journals of philosophy in Korea have to carry out the tasks arising from both the negative locality and positive locality. And I will show the journal’s ability to leap to the level of the central journals in Korea while I suggest an idea of overcoming the locality of philosophy in the negative meaning. At the same time, I will indicate a path of acquiring the locality of philosophy in the positive meaning, focusing on some western philosophical papers which are published in the journal, Studies In Philosophy East-West. 지역학술지의 위상문제는 로컬리티(locality)의 두 측면에서 논급가능하다. 이는 다음의 두 사안, 즉 ①부정적 의미에서의 로컬리티(주변성) 해소와 ②긍정적 의미에서의 로컬리티(차이성)에 대한 성취정도를 통해 그 위상의 제고를 위한 방도가 제시될 수 있음을 뜻한다. 그 특성상 발간초기부터 제기된 이래, 내부모색과 외부여건의 개선에 따라 상당부분 해소된 전자(①)의 사안과 달리, 탈(脫)중심의 논리에 부응해 비교적 최근에 제기된 후자(②)의 사안은 당대의 지역학술지에 더해진 현안이다. 물론 중앙학술지의 위상 역시, 비록 전자(①)의 사안에서 상대적으로 더 자유로울 수 있다 해도, 그 두 문제와 무관한 것은 아니다. 그것은, 예컨대 서양철학관련 학술지로써 말하자면, 중앙의 의미를 일급의 ‘서양철학 생산지’〔歐美〕로 확장할 경우 전자(①)로부터 온전히 자유롭지 못하며, 후자(②)의 사안에 관해서는 오히려 지역학술지와 동일한 처지에 있기 때문이다. 이 글은 한국동서철학회의 학술지인 『동서철학연구』의 경우를 통해 지역의 철학 학술지가 특히 서양철학의 영역에서 ①의 사안을 어떻게 풀어왔고, ②의 사안을 두고 어떻게 대응해야할 것인지에 대해 고찰한다.

Anti-Locality Effect and Labeling Algorithm

권기양 새한영어영문학회 2018 새한영어영문학 Vol.60 No.2

In the recent Minimalist Theory, there occur controversial aspects of locality effect. Locality effect is considered to prohibit the movement that is too long. On contrary, there occurs an opposite effect, in terms of the anti-locality which indicates that movement must be local, but not too local. In this respect, we will face the following questions. (i) Is there one locality condition in grammar or are there two? and (ii) How do standard locality and anti-locality go together? As for these questions, we will suggest that a standard locality is the only efficient condition in Minimalist Theory. In order to support this argument, we will point out some problems of anti-locality constraint in Erlewine (2015) and propose that the effect of anti-locality can be derived by C-T inheritance in Chomsky (2008) and labeling algorithm in Chomsky (2013, 2015).

인식의 경계로서 로컬리티와 탈식민화

배윤기 한국영미어문학회 2010 영미어문학 Vol.- No.95

This paper is intended to base a position of 'local studies' on a place beside the positions of de-colonial attempts in (neo-)colonial societies. It is, I think, a project that is not only to intervene in the terrain of the contest and conflict among social forces over 'a space of (social) consciousness' for a self-referential representation and imagining an alternative mental-material landscape within localities, but also to construct an alternative epistemology for trans-local solidarity against locality from above in a global context. A modern local which is localized by the bourgeoisie is not a static space that is essentially defined by the localizer but a dynamic locus at the present that could alternatively be imagined and reconstructed by the localized. The western (spatial) epistemology traditionally supposes a local place and people as 'deserted' or 'vacant' just waiting for the civilized from the early globalizing era. The White feels kind of 'destiny' or 'burden' of theirs, and legitimizes to “civilize” the land and people on a discursive basis. This is a typical process of localization under the western modernity in and out of the imperial territory. But the subaltern goes through and understands it as the process of colonization of their mental-material landscape that constructs naturalized locality and the oppression and exploitation system. An alternative epistemology for localization from below sews up the wounds of naturalized locality forced upon by localization from above, makes an inclusive ground for generative locality. Local, not as transcendental concept but as a process of contest and conflict among the forces havbing different consciousnesses for localizations, opens possibilities of probing a path to create generative locality beyond the border of naturalized locality. Localization from below against naturalized locality imposed by the West and the indigenous elite can be generated from self-conscious reflection and practical solidarity with reference to their own land, peoples, and local realities. It will reasonably connect the dots the way to generative locality as a critical theory which, I think, should be projected by the humanities of locality.

지역방송의 콘텐츠 제작 활성화와 지역성 구현에 관한 연구

주정민(Joo, Chungmin),한진만(Han, Jinman) 한국문화산업학회 2011 문화산업연구 Vol.11 No.2

Recognizing that locality-reflected content creation is essential for local broadcasting to make a contribution to the community, this study set out to search for ways for local broadcasting to fulfill the task fully. For that purpose, the investigator conducted interviews with ten researchers and practitioners of local broadcasting over two sessions. As a result, the locality that local broadcasting should implement in the digital age includes reflecting the interests and concerns of local residents and setting local agenda, implementing locality that overcomes geographical and spatial limitations, and providing content and information closely connected to local residents. The respondents also said that local broadcasting should create content on locally based programs, programs dealing with pressing local issues, and programs in the viewpoint of local residents in order to implement locality. The directions for local residents-oriented content creation include providing high-grade local information and programs that reflect the local features and the interests of residents. The ideal content that local broadcasting should offer includes news-based local information programs, local culture programs, and human documentaries. Recognizing that locality-reflected content creation is essential for local broadcasting to make a contribution to the community, this study set out to search for ways for local broadcasting to fulfill the task fully. For that purpose, the investigator conducted interviews with ten researchers and practitioners of local broadcasting over two sessions. As a result, the locality that local broadcasting should implement in the digital age includes reflecting the interests and concerns of local residents and setting local agenda, implementing locality that overcomes geographical and spatial limitations, and providing content and information closely connected to local residents. The respondents also said that local broadcasting should create content on locally based programs, programs dealing with pressing local issues, and programs in the viewpoint of local residents in order to implement locality. The directions for local residents-oriented content creation include providing high-grade local information and programs that reflect the local features and the interests of residents. The ideal content that local broadcasting should offer includes news-based local information programs, local culture programs, and human documentaries.

Six Theses of Understanding the Agenda “Locality and Humanities”

Sangbong Lee 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2014 Localities Vol.4 No.-

This study is to comprehensively understand the agenda named as “Locality and Humanities” which is being implemented by the Korean Studies Institute, Pusan National University. The agenda is to investigate an alternative paradigm of achieving the values of locality based on the critical reflection of a state?centered paradigm in a modern era. It especially plans various studies on locality in which humanities is centered and inter(trans)discipline is emphasized. The contents of the thesis consist of the basic problems of starting the agenda and the main subjects studied. The six theses are very briefly mentioned in the followings. Firstly, the agenda has been established based on the severe local problems of Korea. Secondly, “Local” and “Locality” are sort of a new naming strategy. Thirdly, locality is multilayered, relational, and fluid. Fourthly, the agenda seeks postmodern values and an alternative possibility of locality. Fifthly, the agenda pays attention to the postmodernistic restructuring of space based on a trans?locality. Finally, the agenda aims to open a new horizon for research on humanities by pursuing interdisciplinary research and praxis.