2013년 「채무불이행법 개정안」에 관한 검토 –불완전이행에 관한 제390조를 중심으로-

김대정 중앙법학회 2015 中央法學 Vol.17 No.4

This paper is focused on my opinion that aims to investigate problems in the provisions on the Non-performance especially Incomplete-Performance in the Draft 2013 of the Korean Civil Code, and to present a alternative proposal for this issue. To achieve the aim of this paper, in the first place I have analyzed the phase of the theory of Incomplete-Performance by investigating the system of regulations of the current Korean Civil Code on the Non-Performance, and by investigating whether or not the theory of Incomplete-Performance(it means an incomplete-performance or a positive violation of the obligatory right that provokes the expanded prejudice to creditor) is approved as a resonable theory of interpretation of the current Korean Civil Code, and by investigating whether the theory that insist the §390 of the current Korean Civil Code is a positive legal basis of the theory is right or not. Through these investigations I have arrived at the conclusion that while we admit the §390 of the current Korean Civil Code covers incomplete-performance, from this it is not necessarily drawn the conclusion that the concept of the Incomplete-Performance of this provision covers a positive violation of an obligatory right that provokes the expanded prejudice to the creditor that means primarily a tort liability, it should be regarded that whether the §390 of the current Korean Civil Code covers a positive violation of an obligatory right that provokes the expanded prejudice to the creditor or not is entrusted the theory and the judicial precedents. The Draft 2013 of the Korean Civil Code propose to stipulate the claim rights of “nacherfüllung”(it means a right of creditor to demand making subsequent completion) that has been dicussed for a long time in lecturing theory as an effect of incomplete- performance. However under the present circumstances that the theory and the judicial precedents about the claim rights of “nacherfüllung” is not yet clearly established, and what's more, the endeavor to revise the Law of Seller’s Warranty has been aborted, the revision of the §390 of the Korean Civil Code by stipulating the claim rights of “nacherfüllung” as a general effct of the Incomplete-Performance might provoke a serious disoder in the interpretation of the legal conditions and effect of the claim rights of “nacherfüllung” in relation with the Seller’s Warranty. Therefore I think that it is desirable to delete temporarily the provisions about the claim rights of “nacherfüllung” in the Draft 2013 of the Korean Civil Code, and to stipulate it after ending full discussion about the claim rights of “nacherfüllung” and when the Law of Seller’s Warranty will be revised. 현행민법 제390조는 채무불이행에 관하여 '채무의 내용에 좇은 이행을 하지 아니한 때'라고 규정하고 있는바, 이 규정이 불완전이행까지 포괄하여 규정한 것인지의 여부에 대해서는 학설이 갈리고 있다. 그러나 동조의 입법연혁을 고려하면 ‘제390조는 넓은 의미(일반적 의미)의 불완전이행까지 포괄하여 규정한 것’이라고 해석할 수 있을 것이다. 개정안은 이 점을 명확하게 규정하기 위하여 불완전이행의 개념을 실정법상의 개념으로 도입하고, 이론상 이행지체에 포섭될 수 있는 「추완이 가능한 불완전이행」의 경우를 이행지체와 분리하여 그 효과로서 손해배상 이외에 추완청구권이 인정될 수 있음을 명문화하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 개정안에 대해서는 입법론상 의문이 제기되고 있다. 이 논문은 채무불이행에 관한 현행민법의 규정체계와 제390조가 독일민법의 불완전이행 내지 적극적 채권침해까지 포괄하고 있는 규정인지 여부에 대한 학설과 판례를 검토한 후, 그 결론에 비추어 불완전이행의 개념을 명문으로 인정한 개정안의 의미와 그 문제점을 검토하고, 그 개선방안을 제시하기 위한 것이다. 다만, 이러한 개정이 이루어진다고 하더라도 ‘개정민법상 채무불이행의 제3의 유형으로 인정된 「불완전이행」이 독일민법학에서 말하는 「적극적 채권침해」까지 포괄하는 것인가?’ 하는 것은 여전히 불분명하다. 즉, 불완전이행에 관한 한 개정안에 의하여 실질적으로 달라진 것은 없으며, ‘독일민법학의 「적극적 채권침해」가 개정민법의 「불완전이행」에 포섭된다고 해석할 수 있는가’ 하는 문제, ‘프랑스 민법학의 「수단채무」를 불안전이행과 관련하여 어떻게 파악할 것인가’ 하는 문제 등은 여전히 학설과 판례에 맡겨지게 될 것이다.

2013년 『채무불이행법 개정안』에 관한 약간의 검토

金大貞(Kim, Dae-jeong) 중앙법학회 2015 中央法學 Vol.17 No.4

This paper is focused on my opinion that aims to investigate problems in the provisions on the Non-performance especially Incomplete-Performance in the Draft 2013 of the Korean Civil Code, and to present a alternative proposal for this issue. To achieve the aim of this paper, in the first place I have analyzed the phase of the theory of Incomplete-Performance by investigating the system of regulations of the current Korean Civil Code on the Non-Performance, and by investigating whether or not the theory of Incomplete-Performance(it means an incomplete-performance or a positive violation of the obligatory right that provokes the expanded prejudice to creditor) is approved as a resonable theory of interpretation of the current Korean Civil Code, and by investigating whether the theory that insist the §390 of the current Korean Civil Code is a positive legal basis of the theory is right or not. Through these investigations I have arrived at the conclusion that while we admit the §390 of the current Korean Civil Code covers incomplete-performance, from this it is not necessarily drawn the conclusion that the concept of the Incomplete-Performance of this provision covers a positive violation of an obligatory right that provokes the expanded prejudice to the creditor that means primarily a tort liability, it should be regarded that whether the §390 of the current Korean Civil Code covers a positive violation of an obligatory right that provokes the expanded prejudice to the creditor or not is entrusted the theory and the judicial precedents. The Draft 2013 of the Korean Civil Code propose to stipulate the claim rights of “nacherfüllung”(it means a right of creditor to demand making subsequent completion) that has been dicussed for a long time in lecturing theory as an effect of incomplete- performance. However under the present circumstances that the theory and the judicial precedents about the claim rights of “nacherfüllung” is not yet clearly established, and what"s more, the endeavor to revise the Law of Seller’s Warranty has been aborted, the revision of the §390 of the Korean Civil Code by stipulating the claim rights of “nacherfüllung” as a general effct of the Incomplete-Performance might provoke a serious disoder in the interpretation of the legal conditions and effect of the claim rights of “nacherfüllung” in relation with the Seller’s Warranty. Therefore I think that it is desirable to delete temporarily the provisions about the claim rights of “nacherfüllung” in the Draft 2013 of the Korean Civil Code, and to stipulate it after ending full discussion about the claim rights of “nacherfüllung” and when the Law of Seller’s Warranty will be revised.

불완전 절제된 기저세포암의 자연 경과

장용현 ( Yong Hyun Jang ),이석종 ( Seok Jong Lee ),이재철 ( Jae Chul Lee ),이진섭 ( Jin Sub Lee ),송창현 ( Chang Hyun Song ),이원주 ( Weon Ju Lee ),김도원 ( Do Won Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2012 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.50 No.1

Background: Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is regarded as the standard therapeutic modality for high-risk basal cell carcinoma (BCC). However, wide local excision (WLE) is performed more frequently than MMS in Korea because of practical restrictions. For this reason, involvement of surgical margin after WLE may be detected postoperatively. Objective: Our purpose was to compare the recurrence rate between histopathologically confirmed an incomplete excision group and a complete excision group to evaluate whether close follow-up could be an acceptable management option in incompletely-excised BCC patients when immediate re-excision or other adjunctive therapy was difficult to enforce. Methods: From 1999 to 2008, a total of 227 primary BCC cases with more than 2 year follow-up after surgical resection were reviewed. We divided the cases into the completely-excised and incompletely-excised group and the recurrence rates of both groups were compared. Results: The recurrence rate out of the total 227 cases was 1.3% (3/227). Eleven cases (4.8%, 11/227) were reported to be incompletely excised. Of the 11 surgical incompletely-excised BCC, only 1 (9.0%, 1/11) case recurred. Two (0.9%, 2/216) cases recurred in the 216 completely-excised patients. Difference of recurrence rate between the completely-excised group and incompletely-excised group was not statistically significant. Conclusion: When the initial excision of a primary BCC reveals incomplete excision and, more importantly, immediate further treatment is not eligible due to various causes such as old age or combined medical and surgical problems, close follow-up with detailed informed consent instead of prompt re-excision could be a reasonable alternative in carefully-selected patients. (Korean J Dermatol 2012;50(1):34∼38)

트레드밀을 이용한 불완전 척수손상자 보행훈련의 사전 연구

김태윤,신영일,이형수,Kim Tae-Yoon,Shin Young-Il,Lee Hyoung-Soo 대한물리치료학회 2003 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.15 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Treadmill Training on WISCI level, walking velocity, walking endurance, motor score and gait cycle of spinal cord injury patient with incomplete. Four subjects with spinal cord injury participated in this study. They took walking excercise 5 times per week for 8 weeks. One time excercise spent 30minutes. The theraputic effect was evaluated by WISCI level, walk 10 meters test, walk for 12 minutes test, motor score and gait cycle. Four subjects were examined before, after 8 week, walking training. Collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS PC for Wilcoxon signed rank test. The results of this study are as follows; 1) In WISCI level, walking velocity, walking endurance and motor score, post - treatment score were higher compared to pre-treatment score with statistical significance(p<0.05). 2) In Rt SLS, DLSII and Lt SLS, post-treatment percentage were higher compared to pre-treatment percentage with statistical significance(p<0.05). but DLSI were not statistical significance(p>0.05). The findings suggest that spinal cord injury patients with incomplete can improve their WISCI level, walking velocity, walking endurance, motor score and gait cycle through Treadmill gait training.

Genta 염색을 이용한 위점막 장형화생 부위의 Helicobacter pylori의 검출

이광주 ( Kwang Ju Lee ),황석연 ( Seock Yeon Hwang ),이명환 ( Myung Hwan Lee ),김성인 ( Sung In Kim ) 대한임상검사과학회 2000 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.32 No.3

Infection with Helicobacter pylori is the most important cause of chronic active gastritis. One mean of evolution of chronic active gastritis is the development of atrophic gastritis, a condition almost universally associated with extensive intestinal metaplasia. The study was conducted on 69 gastric biopsy specimens with intestinal metaplasia. S1ide from each specimens were stained using the Genta stain to identify the detection of bacteria and types of intestinal metaplasia. In 56 (81 %) of 96 patients, incompletε intestinal metaplasia was found. In 9 (16 % ) of 56 patients with incomplete intestinal metaplasia.But in all of the intestinal metaplasia H. pylori was not detection in the area of intestinal metaplasia. The common subtype of intestinal metaplasia was incomplete metaplasia. Although in small case, H. pylori was detection only to the area of the incomplete type of intestinal metaplasia.

보험분쟁의 경제분석: 불완비보험계약과 보험금 산정

이윤호 ( Yun Ho Lee ),이천성 ( Cheon Sung Lee ) 한국손해사정학회 2008 손해사정연구 Vol.1 No.-

이 논문에서는 손실규모가 손실의 원인이 입증 불가능한 불완비보험계약과 손실규모에 관하여 보험자가 계약자보다 더 많은 정보를 가지는 비대칭 저오가 고려된다. 그 결과 보험사의 균형전략에는 분리전략, 즉 실제 손실규모를 보험금으로 제시하는 전략이 포함되지 않는다는 사실을 입증하였다. 그리고 불완비계약으로 인하여 보험분쟁이 예상되는 상황에서 설계되는 보험계약의 특징을 고찰하였는데 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 보험계약자는 보험회사의 과소지급의 가능성 줄이기 위하여 일부보험을 선호한다. 2. 보험회사는 소규모 손해에 대해서는 계약자가 기대하는 금액보다 많은 금액을, 대규모 손해에 대해서는 계약자가 기대하는 금액보다 작은 금액을 보험금으로 제시한다. 3. 계약의 불완비성으로 인하여 정액보상을 선호한다. When drawing up a insurance contract, it is often impracticable to specify all the relevant contingencies, and so contracts are typically incomplete. In this paper, incomplete insurance contract characterized by non-verifiable losses which refer to the size or cause of the lose and asymmetry information is considered, which insurers better informed of the actual magritude of a loss than the insured. The analysis shows that separating strategy is not perfect Bayesian equilibrium, And insurance contract environment of non-verifiable losses are characterized by the fact that: (1) proposed insureds prefer the partial coverage to reduce possibilities of insurer`s underpayment; (2) the lower loss is more compensated, while the higher loss is less compensated than the insured`s subjective estimation; (3)a flat payment scheme is preferred to a variable one.

One-fund separation in incomplete markets with two assets

Elsevier Science B.V. Amsterdam 2018 FINANCE RESEARCH LETTERS Vol.24 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper provides a necessary and sufficient condition for one-fund separation to occur in incomplete-market economies where finitely many agents with distinct risk aversion and heterogeneous beliefs are allowed to trade two assets. The condition involves joint restrictions on risk aversion, beliefs and asset payoffs. Thus, such joint restrictions may be indispensable for fund separation in incomplete markets, which is in contrast with the preference-based and return-distribution-based approaches. When the condition for one-fund separation holds, agents could behave in equilibrium as if there were a single fund which delivers the aggregate asset payoffs in the economy. Otherwise, agents choose optimal shares in distinct proportions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This paper provides a distinct perspective into fund separation by introducing a new condition which imposes joint restrictions on preferences, beliefs and asset payoffs. </LI> <LI> The new condition is necessary and sufficient for one-fund separation in incompletemarket economies with distinct constant relative risk aversion and heterogeneous beliefs. </LI> <LI> Such joint restrictions may be indispensable for fund separation in incomplete markets, which is in contrast with the preference-based and return-distribution-based approaches. </LI> </UL> </P>

불완전 코눈물관막힘이 있는 성인 환자에서 실리콘관 삽입술의 장기효과

권용혁,이용재,Yong Hyuk Kwon,Yong Jae Lee 대한안과학회 2008 대한안과학회지 Vol.49 No.2

`Purpose: To evaluate the results of long-term follow-up of silicone tube intubation in patients with acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) that is incomplete. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of the outcomes of silicone intubation performed between 1998 and 2003. During that period, we performed silicone intubation on 109 eyes, but only 45 eyes that completed at least 6 months of follow-up were included in the analysis. Results: The mean follow-up period was 30.4 months (6~76 months), and silicone tubes remained in place an average of 6.5 months (1~18months). The success rate, which is defined as the improvement of epiphora symptoms with patent nasolacrimal irrigation. Conclusions: Silicone tube intubation is a simple, cost-effective, and beneficial treatment for patients, but the recurrence rate increases over time, especially several years after the operation.`

A New Survival Assumption for GEI Economies

한광석,원동철 한국계량경제학회 2023 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC THEORY AND ECONOMETRICS Vol.34 No.3

This paper introduces the concept of “robust survival” as a sufficient condition for the existence of equilibrium in a general equilibrium model with incomplete markets (GEI). The robust survival condition is weaker than the GEI irreducibility condition proposed by Gottardi and Hens (1996) in the GEI model, and it is less affected by the degree of market incompleteness. Unlike the GEI irreducibility condition of Gottardi and Hens (1996), the robust survival condition provides an explanation for the existence of a GEI equilibrium in which an agent can consume with the minimum expenditure on feasible consumptions. This condition can be used to evaluate the impact of financial innovation on the welfare of the poor. When an economy passes the robust survival condition but fails the GEI irreducibility condition, some agents may be “poor” in pre-innovation equilibrium. In this case, we can apply the GEI irreducibility condition to the post-innovation economy to determine whether financial innovation makes the invisible hand benevolent towards the poor.

불완전동사에 대한 통사 의미적 특성 연구 - 불완전동사의 제한적 분포 원인을 중심으로 -

유혜원 ( Yoo Hye-won ) 배달말학회 2021 배달말 Vol.68 No.-

이 연구의 목적은 국어 문법 연구에서 불완전동사로 다루어 오던 동사의 통사 의미적 특징을 기반으로 이들이 형태적으로 제한된 분포를 보이는 이유를 고찰하기 위한 것이다. 불완전동사에 대한 선행연구는 주로 불완전계열의 형태적 특징을 고찰하는 데 집중되어, 불완전동사의 통사 의미적 특징에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 제한적이었다. 따라서 본 연구는 불완전동사의 통사 의미적 특징에 대한 면밀한 고찰을 통해 불완전동사가 불완전성을 획득하게 된 원인을 찾고자 하였다. 이를 위해 전형적인 불완전동사로 분류되어 온 동사의 통사 의미적 특징을 고찰하면서, 동사의 의미적 특성이 불완전 동사로서의 기능을 가지게 된 주요 원인이 될 수 있음을 제시하였다. 또한 불완전동사의 이러한 의미 특성이 문장에서 부가어의 의미 기능과 밀접한 관련이 있다는 사실을 체계기능문법의 부가어의 분류 체계를 통해 입증하고, 이들이 문장에서 하나의 후치사구로서 의미 기능을 발현하고 있음을 제시하였다. 이를 통해 동사의 의미 특성이 통사적 행동을 결정한다는 레빈(Levin(1993))의 가설과 표현적 문법 분류와 의미 분류 사이에 높은 연관성이 있다는 라이언스(Lyons(1977))의 인식이 불완전동사 구성에 대한 설명에서도 적용될 수 있음을 살펴보았다. 부가어가 담당하는 의미와 높은 연관성을 가진 동사들이 부사형 어미 등과 결합하여 높은 빈도로 사용되고 특히 이러한 형태가 특정 동사 구성과 공기하는 경우가 빈번하게 나타날 경우, 이 불완전동사들은 완전동사로서의 성격을 잃고 불완전동사로 고착화되는 과정을 거칠 수 있음을 기존 논의를 통해 살펴보았다. 이 연구를 통해 불완전 동사의 의미가 현재의 분포와 기능을 형성하는 주요한 원인임을 고찰했으며, 이러한 논의는 동사의 의미에 대한 연구가 좀 더 정밀하게 제시될 때 뒷받침 될 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study is to investigate why the incomplete verbs exhibit a morphologically limited distribution based on the syntactic semantic features of verbs that have been treated as incomplete verbs in Korean grammar studies. The prior studies of incomplete verbs were mainly focused on considering the morphological features of incomplete paradigms, and the studies of the syntactic semantic features of relatively incomplete verbs were limited. Therefore, this study sought to find out why incomplete verbs acquired incompleteness through careful surveys of the syntactic semantic features of incomplete verbs. To this end, we research the syntactic semantic characteristics of verbs that have been classified as typical incomplete verbs, suggesting that the semantic characteristics of verbs may be the main cause of their function as incomplete verbs. Furthermore, we demonstrate the fact that these semantic properties of incomplete verbs are closely related to the semantic function of the adjuncts in the sentence through the classification system of the adjuncts of the systematic functional grammar, and suggest that they express semantic function as a postposition in the sentence. Through this, we prove Levin (1993)'s hypothesis that the semantic properties of verbs determine syntactic behaviors and Lyons (1977)'s perception that high association between expressive grammar classification and semantic classification can also be applied in the explanation of incomplete verb composition. In previous discussions, when verbs with high association with the meaning of adjunct words are used at high frequencies in combination with adverbial endings, and especially these forms often co-occur with a particular verb configuration, these incomplete verbs may lose their characters as complete verbs and become stuck as incomplete verbs. Through this study, we suggest that the meaning of incomplete verbs is the main cause of forming current distributions and functions, and this discussion may be more supported when studies of the meaning of verbs are presented more precisely.