Distribution Patterns of Involucrin in the Stratum Corneum of the Normal and Psoriatic Artificial Skins

송인환(In-Hwan Song),성훈기(Hoon-Ki Sung),김주영(Joo-Yung Kim),성언기(Eon-Ki Sung),이융창(Yungchang Lee),박정현(Jeong-Hyun Park),문용석(Yong-Suk Moon),김홍태(Hong-Tae Kim),장성익(Sung-Ik Chang) 대한해부학회 2004 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.37 No.2

Cornified envelope는 최종분화과정에 있는 각질세포의 형질막 밑에 형성되는 비용해성의 구조로서 involucrin, loricrin, cornifin 등 여러 단백질의 상호연결로 안정화된다. 건선은 염증과 각질세포의 과다증식을 특징으로 하는 만성 피부질환이며 각질층의 involucrin에 대한 면역염색에서 정상 표피와는 차이가 있다. 즉 건선에서는 cornified envelope에 제한되나 정상피부에서는 세포질 전반에 표지된다. 본 실험에서는 건선과 정상 각질세포의 분화양상을 비교하기 위해서 건선병변부와 정상피부의 각질세포를 분리 배양하여 정상 및 건선인공피부를 제작하고 이들의 각질층에서 involucrin에 대한 면역금표지법을 시행하였다. 인공건선피부에서는 얇고 엉성한 각질층이 형성되었으며 표지반응이 아래층에서는 세포질 전반에 걸쳐, 상부층에서는 cornified envelope에 국한된 양상을 보여 생체에서와 유사하였다. 정상인공피부에서는 잘 형성된 중층의 두꺼운 각질층이 관찰되었지만 아래쪽의 대부분 영역에서 이상각화증의 흔적이 보였고 세포질 전반에 분포하는 표지반응을 보였다. 표면쪽의 일부 세포에서 cornified envelope에 집중되는 표지반응을 보였지만 정상인공피부의 두꺼운 각질층을 고려할 때 cornified envelope에 집중되는 경향의 정도는 인공건선피부와 비슷하였다. 결과적으로 장기형 인공배양 모델에서 정상 및 건선 각질세포의 최후 분화에서 involucrin 분포 양상은 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 정상인공피부에서는 비록 잘 발달된 각질층이 형성되었지만 이들은 cornified envelope의 최종분화과정 까지 는 도달하지 못하는 것으로 보이며 건선피부 각질층에서 보이는 involucrin의 분포양상의 차이는 이들 세포의 특성에 기인한다기 보다는 빠른 세포성장에 기인하는 것으로 판단된다. Cornified envelope is highly insoluble structure formed beneath the plasma membrane during terminal differentiation of keratinocytes and is stabilized by cross linking of various proteins, including involucrin, loricrin, and cornifin. Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease characterizing inflammatory reaction and hyperproliferation of keratinocyte. There are some differences in involucrin immunolabelling in stratum corneum between normal and psoriasis epidermis. Labelling was convergent to cornified envelope in psoriasis skin but throughout cytoplasm in normal skin. To compare terminal differentiation patterns of normal and psoriasis keratinocytes, we reconstructed normal and psoriatic artificial skin by using primary cultured keratinocytes from normal and psoriasis skin and then performed immunogold labelling for involucrin in stratum corneum. Psoriatic artificial skin had thin and poorly organized corneal layer. Immunogold labelling for involucrin revealed same pattern of that in vivo by showing throughout cytoplasm in lower layer but convergent cornified envelope in upper layer. Compared with psoriatic artificial skin, normal artificial skin had well organized and thick stratum corneum. Involucrin labelling was throughout cytoplasm in most of corneal layer but convergent to cornified envelope in some uppermost cells. Even though some cells show convergent pattern in normal artificial skin, absolute number of this pattern was no lesser than in artificial psoriatic skin because of normal artificial skin had thick stratum corneum. This result showed there was no difference in involucrin distribution in terminal differentiation of normal and psoriasis keratinocytes in organotypic culture model. It is concluded that although well organized multiple corneal layers are formed in normal artificial skin, they can not reach to full maturation of cornified envelope, and difference of involucrin localization in cornified envelope of psoriasis epidermis is related with not peculiarities of the cells but rapid growing in vivo.

공동주택 외피변경에 의한 에너지 절약설계에서 적정 외피부위 결정 알고리즘에 관한 연구

우세진(Woo Se-Jin) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.25 No.10

This study has tried to develop the deciding algorithm that enable the designer to choose the envelope-part logically which should be changed, in the case of changing the envelope to improve the performance of the building-energy. For the achievement of this purpose, this study has been proceeded, based on the examination and analysis of an apartment, preceding study, reference documents, and the results of the interviews with a staff in charge. To sum up the results, first, the envelope part that is the basic unit of a building envelope, has been classified with the outer wall, the space between the stories and the foundation floor, the roof, the window, the door and etc. and the general material structure of each envelope part has been able to be analyzed. Second, in the course of deciding the set-envelope part, it has been analyzed that the FLSs and AHP can be applied as one method of deciding the design which is able to systematize the intellection of the experts. The model with 4 modules; Input, Inference engine, Output, Data Base and etc. has been suggested on the base of the concept and the contents of FLSs and AHP in this study. Third, the structure of deciding algorithm to choose the parts of the building envelope that should be changed has been set and the results of this has been applied to an apartment in constructing newly and has been confirmed. The design factors have been established by 16 deciding factors and 4 basic factors, and the mutual importance of deciding structure and design factors of the envelope parts have been set, through this course.

Markov Envelope를 이용한 지진동의 위상차 확률분포와 전파지연시간의 추정

최항,윤병익 한국지진공학회 2022 한국지진공학회논문집 Vol.26 No.5

Markov envelope as a theoretical solution of the parabolic wave equation with Markov approximation for the von Kármán type random medium is studied and approximated with the convolution of two probability density functions (pdf) of normal and gamma distributions considering the previous studies on the applications of Radiative Transfer Theory (RTT) and the analysis results of earthquake records. Through the approximation with gamma pdf, the constant shape parameter of 2 was determined regardless of the source distance ro. This finding means that the scattering process has the property of an inhomogeneous single-scattering Poisson process, unlike the previous studies, which resulted in a homogeneous multiple-scattering Poisson process. Approximated Markov envelope can be treated as the normalized mean square (MS) envelope for ground acceleration because of the flat source Fourier spectrum. Based on such characteristics, the path duration is estimated from the approximated MS envelope and compared to the empirical formula derived by Boore and Thompson. The results clearly show that the path duration increases proportionately to ro1/2-ro2, and the peak value of the RMS envelope is attenuated by exp (-0.0033ro), excluding the geometrical attenuation. The attenuation slope for ro≤100 km is quite similar to that of effective attenuation for shallow crustal earthquakes, and it may be difficult to distinguish the contribution of intrinsic attenuation from effective attenuation. Slowly varying dispersive delay, also called the medium effect, represented by regular pdf, governs the path duration for the source distance shorter than 100 km. Moreover, the diffraction term, also called the distance effect because of scattering, fully controls the path duration beyond the source distance of 300 km and has a steep gradient compared to the medium effect. Source distance 100-300 km is a transition range of the path duration governing effect from random medium to distance. This means that the scattering may not be the prime cause of peak attenuation and envelope broadening for the source distance of less than 200 km. Furthermore, it is also shown that normal distribution is appropriate for the probability distribution of phase difference, as asserted in the previous studies.

경골어류 카라신과 Hyphessobrycon serpae의 수정란 난막 미세구조

김동희,등영건,이규재,Kim, Dong-Heui,Deung, Young-Kun,Lee, Kyu-Jae 한국현미경학회 2005 Applied microscopy Vol.35 No.2

카라신과(Characidae)에 속하는 Hemigrammus ocellifer, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi 및 Hemigrammus caudovittatus 의 경우 동물극 쪽에 정자의 통로인 난문 (micropyle)이 있으며, 3종 모두 난문 주위에 난막의 융기선이 방사형으로 위치하여 공통적인 특징을 보이지만 난막의 단면구조는 종에 따라서 서로 다른 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 난문의 구조가 카라신과 어류의 공통적인 과의 특성인지는 아직 밝혀져 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구는 카라신과 어류에서 난문의 구조가 과의 공통적인 특징인지 아니면 종만이 가지는 종특성인지를 확인하고 계통분류학적 기초 자료를 얻기 위하여 Hyphessobrycon serpae의 수정란과 난막의 외부 및 내부형태를 광학현미경, 주사전자현미경 및 투과전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰하고자 하였다. Hyphessobrycon serpae의 수정란은 구형의 무색투명한 부착성 및 침성란으로 유적 (oil droplet)과 부속사는 관찰되지 않았다. 동물극 쪽에 수정을 위한 정자의 통로인 한 개의 난문 (micropyle)이 관찰되었고, 난문 주위에는 난막의 융기선이 방사형으로 배열하고 있었으며 난막의 융기선은 $13{\sim}15$개로 수정란마다 약간의 차이를 보였다. 난막의 표면은 산란상에 부착하는 기능을 수행하는 것으로 생각되는 망상형의 섬유상 구조물들이 분포하고 있었으며 이 망상구조물 내부에 pore canal이 산재하고 있었다. 수정란 난막의 두께는 $0.9{\sim}1.0{\mu}m$였으며 3층으로 구성되어 있었다. 외층은 부착기능을 하는 전자밀도가 가장 높은 섬유상층이었고, 중층은 표면에서 관찰되었던 pore canal들이 중층이 끊어진 형태로 완전히 관통되어 있었으며 내층은 전자밀도가 서로 다른 $6{\sim}7$층의 다층구조를 하고 있었다. 이상과 같이 Hyphessobrycon serpae의 수정란 난막의 미세구조적 특징은 이 종만이 가지는 독특한 형태학적 형질로서 종을 분류하는데 사용될 수 있으며 난문 주위에 난막의 융기선이 방사형으로 배열하고 있는 것은 카라신과 어류의 공통적인 과 (Family)의 특성으로 생각된다. The ultrastructures of the fertilized egg envelope from Hyphessobrycon serpae belonging to Characidae was studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopes to get systematic fundamental data for classification of species and to confirm whether micropyle is a common trait of Characidae or not. The fertilized egg was of colorless, transparent, spherical, adhesive and demersal type. There were not oil droplets in vitelline membrane and attached structures in the outside of fertilize egg envelope. The egg envelope had a single micropyle resembling the pathway of sperm in the area of the animal pole. The micropyle was surrounded by 13 to 15 protruded lines of the egg envelope in a radiated form. The outer surface of fertilized egg envelope was covered by reticular adhesive fibrous structures and irregularly arranged by pore canals. The fertilized egg envelope consisted of three distinct layers an outer adhesive fibrous layer with high electron density, a middle layer with pore canals, and an inner layer consisting of 6 to 7 lamellae alternating layers with interlamellae of lower electron density. These ultrastructural characters of fertilized egg envelope form Hyphessobrycon serpae can be utilized in taxonomy of teleost, and as fundamental data for study on early development of fertilized egg. It seems that the morphology of micropyle is a common trait of Characidae

복사 열저항 제어에 따른 상변화물질 건물 외피의 축열 및 방열 성능 분석

이규배(Gyu Bae Lee),김민성(Min Seong Kim),이재희(Jae Hee Lee),박효림(Hyo Lim Park),정재원(Jae Weon Jeong) 대한설비공학회 2022 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.6

As interest in building energy saving is rising again, research about phase change materials integrated building envelope are being conducted to improve the thermal performance of the building envelope. However, the phase change materials integrated envelope showed defects such as the heat storage and discharge of it cannot be achieved ideally due to interference with the fixed thermal resistance of the members in the envelope. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, a solution that can control the heat transfer of the phase change materials inside the envelope is required. In this study, a system which controls the radiant heat resistance to the phase change materials was proposed using a cavity and emissivity films inside the envelope. The proposed system was numerically simulated by 1d transient heat transfer with reference building envelope systems through a matlab software. Through simulation, the proposed system analyzed that the summer heat gain decreased by 47.2% ~ 56.1% and the winter indoor heat loss decreased by 11.3% ~ 27.3% compared to the reference systems.

복사 열저항 제어에 따른 상변화물질 건물 외피의 축열 및 방열 성능 분석

이규배(Gyu Bae Lee),김민성(Min Seong Kim),이재희(Jae Hee Lee),박효림(Hyo Lim Park),정재원(Jae Weon Jeong) 대한설비공학회 2022 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.6

As interest in building energy saving is rising again, research about phase change materials integrated building envelope are being conducted to improve the thermal performance of the building envelope. However, the phase change materials integrated envelope showed defects such as the heat storage and discharge of it cannot be achieved ideally due to interference with the fixed thermal resistance of the members in the envelope. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, a solution that can control the heat transfer of the phase change materials inside the envelope is required. In this study, a system which controls the radiant heat resistance to the phase change materials was proposed using a cavity and emissivity films inside the envelope. The proposed system was numerically simulated by 1d transient heat transfer with reference building envelope systems through a matlab software. Through simulation, the proposed system analyzed that the summer heat gain decreased by 47.2% ~ 56.1% and the winter indoor heat loss decreased by 11.3% ~ 27.3% compared to the reference systems.

복사 열저항 제어에 따른 상변화물질 건물 외피의 축열 및 방열 성능 분석

이규배(Gyu Bae Lee),김민성(Min Seong Kim),이재희(Jae Hee Lee),박효림(Hyo Lim Park),정재원(Jae Weon Jeong) 대한설비공학회 2022 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.6

As interest in building energy saving is rising again, research about phase change materials integrated building envelope are being conducted to improve the thermal performance of the building envelope. However, the phase change materials integrated envelope showed defects such as the heat storage and discharge of it cannot be achieved ideally due to interference with the fixed thermal resistance of the members in the envelope. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, a solution that can control the heat transfer of the phase change materials inside the envelope is required. In this study, a system which controls the radiant heat resistance to the phase change materials was proposed using a cavity and emissivity films inside the envelope. The proposed system was numerically simulated by 1d transient heat transfer with reference building envelope systems through a matlab software. Through simulation, the proposed system analyzed that the summer heat gain decreased by 47.2% ~ 56.1% and the winter indoor heat loss decreased by 11.3% ~ 27.3% compared to the reference systems.

건축물 에너지성능평가를 위한 BIM 기반의 외피 자동 판단 알고리즘 개발

김준영(Jun-Young Kim),김창민(Chang-Min Kim),박창영(Chang-Young Park),유동철(Dong-Chul Yoo),박영준(Young-Jun Park),최창호(Chang-Ho Choi) 한국건축친환경설비학회 2017 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.11 No.4

Determination of building envelope is imperative in assessing the energy performance of the buildings. However, determining building envelope has been manually conducted, which contains the possibility of misjudgment that lead to low reliability and which deteriorates productivity. This research proposes an algorithm based on BIM to determine the envelope of buildings automatically when conducting assessment of buildings’ energy performance. To accomplish the objective, first, this study sorted out cases of parts of buildings that can be determined as building envelope. After sorting out, this study analyzed on each case. Second, this study established criteria for selecting parts in need of insulation to determine their possibility as building envelope and criteria for deciding whether the parts are exposed to the open air directly or indirectly. Finally, this study proposed a BIM-based algorithm for wall, roof, slab, window and door respectively to determine each’s possibility as building envelope. Applying the result of this research when determining building envelope can enhance the productivity as the manual analysis is replaced by automated calculation. Free from being biased, it will also improve the reliability.

Salmonella Enteritidis와 Salmonella Gallinarum의 세균막스트레스를 인식하는 spy-gfp 오페론 융합체

강보경,방일수 한국낙농식품응용생물학회 2018 Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology (JMSB) Vol.36 No.4

Emergence of drug resistant strains of Salmonella enterica threatens milk processing and related dairy industries, thereby increasing the need for development of new anti-bacterials. Developments of antibacterial drugs are largely aimed to target the bacterial envelope, but screening their efficacy on bacterial envelope is laborious. This study presents a potential biosensor for envelope-specific stress in which a gfp reporter gene fused to spy gene encoding a periplasmic chaperone protein Spy (spheroplast protein y) that can sense envelope stress signals transduced by two major two-component signal transduction systems BaeSR and CpxAR in Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and S. Gallinarum. Using spy-gfp operon fusions in S. Enterititis and S. Gallinarum, we found that spy transcription in both serovars was greatly induced when Salmonella cells were forming the spheroplast and were treated with ethanol or a membrane-disrupting antibiotic polymyxin B. These envelope stress-specific inductions of spy transcription were abrogated in mutant Salmonella lacking either BaeR or CpxR. Results illustrate that induction of Spy expression can be efficiently triggered by two-component signal transduction systems sensing envelope stress conditions, and thereby suggest that monitoring the spy transcription by spy-gfp operon fusions would be helpful to determine if developing antimicrobials can damage envelopes of S. Enteritidis and S. Gallinarum.

Ultrastructure of the Fertilized Egg Envelope from Pseudobagrus fulvidraco, Bagridae, Teleostei

Sohn, Joon Hyung,Kwon, Ohyun,Kim, Dong Heui Korean Society of Microscopy 2016 Applied microscopy Vol.46 No.3

The ultrastructure of fertilized egg envelope from Pseudobagrus fulvidraco belongs to Bagridae was investigated using light and electron microscopes. The fertilized egg was compressed spherical, light-yellowish, demersal, and adhesive. The size of fertilized egg is about $1.85{\pm}0.13mm$, perivitelline space is not well developed, and there were no appendicular structures on the outer surface of egg envelope and oil droplets in vitelline membrane under light microscope. The micropyle was located in the animal pole of fertilized egg. Adhesive reticular fiber was covered fertilized egg envelope. The thickness of egg envelope was about $3.7{\sim}4.2{\mu}m$, and the egg envelope consisted of two layers: an outer, electron-dense adhesive fibers layer and an simple inner layer with pore. Therefore, the ultrastructure of cross section of the fertilized egg envelope showed species specificity, but studies on the other species belongs to Bagridae were need to get correct information about common traits in family.