한국어교육을 위한 대조언어학의 회고와 전망

허용 한국언어문화교육학회 2019 언어와 문화 Vol.15 No.1

As part of the work for Korean language education as applied linguistics, this study looks at the changes in contrastive linguistics. In other words, we intend to reassess contrastive linguistic from new approaches, such as cognitive approaches to overcome the limitations of contrastive analysis, corpus-based contrastive linguistics studies that can objectively verify contrastive analysis hypotheses, Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis(CIA), conceptual transfer and the conceptually-based contrastive analysis based on it. In particular, it should not be overlooked that the need for conceptual transfer patterns reflecting society and culture has been required recently. Learning a language requires an understanding of the culture associated with the language in addition to understanding the language itself, and attention should be paid to the way in which the members of society who use the language express the thoughts shared. We show examples of the concept transfer of Korean learners. In addition, with this retrospect on contrastive linguistics, exploring the path of contrastive linguistics from a future-oriented perspective is another purpose of this study. We need to research on crosslinguistic influence across multiple languages such as L3 or more.

말뭉치 기반 한외(韓外) 대조언어학 연구에 대한 일고찰

황은하 ( Huang Yinxia ) 한국문학언어학회(구 경북어문학회) 2016 어문론총 Vol.69 No.-

최근 언어학계는 단일언어의 연구는 물론, 언어간 연구에서도 말뭉치에 대한 관심과 활용 사례가 계속해서 늘고 있다. 그러나 언어간 연구에 필요한 말뭉치가 갖춰야 할 요건이나 연구 방법론에 대한 논의는 아직 미비한 편이다. 따라서 이 연구는 대조언어학(contrastive linguistics)에 필요한 말뭉치(corpus)의 유형과 개념, 구축 과정, 활용 현황과 문제점에 대해 논의하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 우선, 대조분석 연구의 두 가지 서로 다른 연구 방법론, 즉 단방향 대조분석(또는 대응 연구(correspondence analysis))과 쌍방향 대조분석 방법론을 살펴보고 연구 방법별로 어떤 말뭉치를 필요로 하는지를 논의한다. 다음으로, 서로 다른 두 말뭉치, 즉 병렬말뭉치(parallel corpus)와 비교말뭉치(comparative corpus)의 개념, 대조언어학 연구에 활용될 시 각각의 장점 및 말뭉치의 설계에서 시작해 자료의 선별과 수집, 텍스트의 전산화, 전처리, 문장 정렬 등의 구축 과정 전반에 대해 기술한다. 덧붙여 이 두 가지 말뭉치를 활용한 한국어와 외국어간의 대조분석 연구 현황을 자세히 살펴보고, 문제점을 짚어본다. There have been extensive research interests and applications based on a corpus in both monolingual and cross-linguistic studies. However, little attention has been paid to multilingual corpus design, compilation issues, and its application methods in cross-linguistic research. Accordingly, in this paper, we present different corpus types and corpus compilation methods for contrastive study, and discuss useful applications of a corpus for contrastive linguistics. To this end, we first compare two research methods: one-way and two-way contrastive analyses. Second, we show that a parallel corpus can be used for one-way contrastive analysis, and a comparable corpus can be used for two-way contrastive analysis. Moreover, we describe the concept and merits of parallel and comparable corpora, as well as their compilation process: corpus design, data collection and computerization, and mark-up. We also give a full briefing of the current state of contrastive study between Korean and foreign languages using parallel and comparative corpora. Finally, we discuss the remaining problems for corpus applications in contrastive linguistics.

대조분석을 위한 말뭉치의 타당성 연구 -한중 대조분석을 중심으로-

황은하 이중언어학회 2021 이중언어학 Vol.82 No.-

This study aims to analyze and verify the bilingual corpus used in the Korean-Chinese contrastive analysis. To this end, Chapter 2 describes the problems of the corpus construction and corpus used in contrastive linguistics. Chapter 3 analyzes the characteristics of the two kinds of the bilingual corpus - parallel corpus and comparative corpus used in Korean-Chinese contrastive analysis. In Chapter 4, in order to examine the validity of the parallel corpus used in the Korean-Chinese uni-direction contrastive study: the corpora used in five different studies on the Korean particle ‘e(에)’ and ‘eseo(에서)’ and their correspondences in Chinese were compared, and the results of the study were compared. As a result, the corpora used in these five papers were different, and the research results for the study subjects were different, which proved the effect of parallel corpus structure in contrastive studies. Furthermore, we conducted a replica study focusing on the comparative study of Korean-Chinese suffixes. Focusing on the large difference in corpus size between the Korean and Chinese sub-corpora of the comparative corpus, we resized the Korean sub-corpus and conducted a replica study on the suffix. As a result of increasing the Korean corpus size, it was confirmed that the study results on the Korean suffix significantly depend on the corpus size. In summary, it is vital to apply strict standards for representativeness, balance, and size in constructing parallel and comparative corpus in contrastive linguistics studies. 이 연구는 대조분석 연구에 사용되고 있는 말뭉치의 구조적 특성을 파악하고 말뭉치의 구조가 대조분석 연구에 미치는 영향이 어느 정도인지를 사례 연구를 통해 입증하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 2장에서는 대조분석용 말뭉치에 관해 제기되는 문제를 자세히 기술하고 3장에서는 말뭉치 기반 한외 대조분석 연구 중 논의가 가장 활발한 한중 언어쌍 연구에 초점을 맞추어, 그에 사용된 말뭉치의 구조적 특성을 정리하여 문제점을 짚어 본다. 4장에서는 병렬말뭉치와 비교말뭉치를 나누어 일부 연구 사례를 중심으로 비교 분석과 재연(replica) 실험을 통해 말뭉치의 구조가 대조분석 연구에 미치는 영향을 입증해 보였다.

일본 사회언어학의 연구동향

홍민표(Hong Min pyo) 한국사회언어학회 2016 사회언어학 Vol.24 No.1

This paper provides an overview of the background of emergence and current research trends of Japanese Sociolinguistics, based on the contents of ’Language Life’ that has been published since 1956 in “Japanese Linguistic”, the official journal of the Linguistic Society of Japan (currently the Society for Japanese Linguistics). It introduces the concept of Language Life, the role and research achievements of National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics in study of Japanese language life, the survey on the use of common language in Tsuruoka region, the formation process of common language in Japan, the problem in researches of Japanese language life, the emergence process of Japanese Sociolinguistics, and the special theme discussed in ”The Japanese Journal of Language in Society”, which is the official journal of Japanese Association of Sociolinguistic Sciences. Furthermore, it introduces the current trends and outcomes of the researches of Contrastive Sociolinguistics, Econolinguistics, Welfare Linguistics and Language Landscape. In particular, research trends and outcomes of Welfare Linguistics offer an interesting implication that outcomes of language studies should contribute to the happiness and welfare promotion of social members, as well as pursue new truth.

언어 유형론과 연계한 국어사 연구

김태우 국어사학회 2024 국어사연구 Vol.- No.38

This paper examines the contributions of linguistic typology to the study of the history of the Korean language and discusses how linguistic typology can further contribute to the field, based on recent trends in typological research. As research in the history of Korean has progressed towards identifying the causes of diachrony in the Korean language, contrastive linguistic methodologies, represented by linguistic typology and grammaticalization theory, have been introduced. These methodologies, through the concept of linguistic universals, have filled gaps in the data and made significant contributions to the study of Korean diachrony. However, concerns regarding theory-centric research in the history of the Korean language have not been absent. This paper highlights that recent research in linguistic typology and grammaticalization focuses on the specificity and regional characteristics of individual languages, obscured by the pursuit of universality, and argues for the necessity of conducting research that is centered around data in the study of the history of the Korean language. It emphasizes the importance of prioritizing data over theory, especially when they conflict. Moreover, the paper argues against indiscriminate contrastive studies led by superficial similarities and stresses the need to view linguistic systems in their entirety. By incorporating research based on primary data, it discusses how moving beyond merely applying the research findings of linguistic typology to the study of the history of the Korean language, the achievements in the study of the history of Korean can contribute to the fields of general linguistics and historical linguistics.

대조언어학적 접근과 언어 보편성을 통한 한국어 단모음 교육 순서 -중국인 학습자를 대상으로

이화진 ( Hwa Jin Lee ) 한국문법교육학회 2011 문법 교육 Vol.15 No.-

The main purpose of this study is to propose the order of teaching Korean simple vowels, focusing on contrastive linguistics and language universals. This study aims to treat only the order of teaching of Korean simple vowels for Chinese natives learning Korean. I have researched teaching methods used by several Korean textbooks for foreigners, and found many differences in the order of presenting Korean simple vowels. I have proposed some suggestions on the order of teaching Korean simple vowels to Chinese natives. Firstly, the education of Korean simple vowels focusing on Korean Alphabet must be sublated. The most important factor in Korean simple vowel teaching is that each Korean simple vowel must be pronounced correctly. Secondly, we recognize the differences between Korean and Chinese simple vowel systems for contrastive linguistics. Contrastive linguistics is more efficient in describing and analyzing the similarities and differences between two or more languages. When educators recognize the differences between Korean and Chinese simple vowel systems, they can teach Korean simple vowels to Chinese natives more efficiently and correctly. Thirdly, we should recognize "language universals". "Markedness" is closely related to "naturalness". "Marked one" is less frequently used, while "unmarked one" is more frequently used. Korean and other languages share "unmarked one" in simple vowel inventory. Therefore, it may be useful to identify language universals and use it to facilitate the order of Korean simple vowel teaching.

음운과 단어 수준에서의 남북한 수어 대조언어학적 고찰

최상배,고은지,황윤재 전북대학교 인문학연구소 2019 건지인문학 Vol.0 No.26

This study explores the phonological and lexical characteristics of South and North Korean Sign Language in terms of contrastive linguistics. The results are following. First, in coincidence of two sign languages, the result indicates 29% of agreement, 37% of partial agreement, and 34% of disagreement. It is evident to show linguistic heterogeneity does affect coincidence of two sign language because of division of Korea into south and north for a long time. Also, this study analyzes coincidence of five parameters in two sign languages. The highest coincidence of five parameters is LOCATION, then (palm) ORIENTATION, HANDSHAPE, and MOVEMENT in order. Second, this study analyzes frequency of five parameters between two sign languages. The results indicate that the LOCATION, MOVEMENT, and ORIENTATION are used in similar way, but the use of HANDSHPAE shows partially in different way. Mostly, HANDSAHPs such as NINE, FIST, AND ONE are used in two sign languages. The frequency of LOCATION shows neutral place, palm, palm/near place, edge of hand, and back of hand in order. The most used of MOVEMENT shows repetitive movement, close movement, touch linking action, vertical action: downward movement, vertical action: upward movement in order. In last, the aspect of ORIENTATION produces backward, downward, leftward, upward, and rightward in order. Third, the results of compounding indicate that North Korean Sign Language produced more simultaneous compound than South Korean Sign Language. We find that the aspect of sequential compound is combined in different word order. There are 33% of True Friends and 15 % of False Friends in two sign languages.

한・중 신체어에 의한 시간 표현 대조 연구-인지언어학적 접근을 중심으로-

진영하 한국언어문화교육학회 2020 언어와 문화 Vol.16 No.1

This paper is an attempt to make a comparative study on the time expressions based on body-part terms in Korean and Chinese from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. The main research results are as follows. Firstly, the common body-part terms in the time expression of both languages are ‘head, hair, eyes, nose, eyebrows, hands, feet, tail’. And ‘mouth’ is only used in Korean time expression. Secondly, ‘eyes’ appear most frequently in the time expression of both languages. This is because the ‘eye’ plays a more central role in human cognition than other body organs. Thirdly, because of the cognitive differences between two counties people, there are many situations that the same body-part terms express different time concept while the same time concept use different body-part terms. Fourthly, the [Time orientation] metaphor and [Body movement for the time required to complete it] metonymy exist in many Korean and Chinese time expressions. .

位置づけの意味を表す「置く」と「두다」「놓다」の意味対照 - 認知言語学の意味拡張の観点から-

서순현 대한일어일문학회 2019 일어일문학 Vol.82 No.-

Cognitive linguistics explains that polysemies usually expand their meaning area from prototype semantic core under various social and cultural influences. This study is a comparison of Japanese basic verb “oku” and corresponding Korean verb “duda” both which means put things somewhere, and analyzes each verb’s meaning structure in relation to cognitive linguistics. “The purpose of this study is to investigate the semantic extension and semantic structure of the verb verbs and to investigate the similarities and differences between "Oku" and "duda""nohta" in terms of meaning and clarify mutual correspondence. By analyzing the verbs’ meaning structure and correspondence, the preferable outcome is to lessen the misuse of each verb by clearly stating its polysemantic meanings. The verb "Oku", which expresses the meaning of positioning, is an polysemic word having a wide sense area. The meaning of "Oku" means that from the basic meaning of placing a concrete object in a certain space, social and cultural experiences Is used to translate various meanings according to the change of the object and the position to locate it. "Duda" is also a polysemic word with various categories of meaning, and it analyzes its meaning in the same way as "Oku", examines the aspect and semantic structure of semantic expansion of polysemic verbs. In additionto to find out the similarities and differences between "Oku" and "duda", and to clarify the mutual correspondence. First of all, “oku” and “duda” start from the same prototype that places things somewhere. When the subject matter put somewhere expands to something more abstract, the meaning of the two verbs also expand based on social and cultural experiences using metaphor and metonymy. "Oku” and “Duda” share large similarities, but when the meaning expands, there is less correspondence between the verbs such as "hashi o oku / hito o oku” and “nohta / chida” or “adul ul duda / bab e duda ” and “motsu / ireru”.

한국어학 전공자를 위한 전문 용어 병렬 데이터베이스 구축

박병선 고려대학교 언어정보연구소 2018 언어정보 Vol.0 No.27

Park, Byung-sun. 2018. The Study on Implementation of parallel database for Terminology of Korean Linguistics. Language Information 27, 30-44. The aim of this research is two-fold. I first attempt to compare linguistic terminologies in Chinese and Korean, and then implement a Korean-Chinese parallel database, which contain linguistic terms in Korean juxtaposed with their corresponding Chinese expressions. To do so, I extracted major terminologies used in the field of Korean linguistics based on their frequency and identified how they are translated in Chinese. I go one step further to demonstrate a three-way comparison: comparing how two different countries, China and Taiwan, use linguistic terminologies against their Korean counterparts. The outcome of this result has practical import; it can be used for researchers and students alike in Greater China, who are interested in linguistics and/or the Korean language as it is. I also discuss the demand of building a three-language-database, Korean-English-Chinese, to enhance the researcher’s understanding of terminologies in these languages, which often can be hindrance for researchers who are not familiar with two of the three aforementioned languages.