일본의 아동학대방지 대응에 관한 검토 -일본 후생노동성의 ‘아동학대 대응 매뉴얼’을 중심으로-

배상균 한국소년정책학회 2015 少年保護硏究 Vol.28 No.4

In recent years, Korea and Japan have witnessed the soaring rate of child abuse cases. Because child abuse is often committed by the supposed protectors of the children under the veil of “discipline”, the abusers do not have any strong sense of guilt, nor are the abused conscious of the fact that they are the victims of crime. That is why child abuse is called “a hidden crime”. This paper elucidates the current state of child abuse in Japan and the countermeasures against it, in an attempt to propose a more effective framework to prevent child abuse in Korea. Japan has the anti-abuse system involved by the official organizations (e.g., the child consultation offices, the child and family support centers, and the police). What has strengthened the system is “The Child Abuse Correspondence Manual” created by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare as a guideline to deal with child abuse. The following aspects are revealed about it by this paper. First, the manual provides the specific procedures for the child abuse prevention. Second, it establishes the comprehensive and continuous follow-up mechanisms for abused children. Third, it illustrates the way to conduct on-site inspections into houses of allegedly abused children, which means it premises the legal intervention to the parental rights. Fourth, providing the uniform national standard for the protective custody of abused children, it clarifies the role and authority of the organizations in charge, and the legal binding force of their proceedings. Finally, it introduces and evaluates particular child abuse cases.

국내외 아동학대 관련법과 처리절차에 반영된 아동 정서학대 및 방임의 정의

이세화,장미경,손금옥,이여름 대한아동복지학회 2020 아동복지연구 Vol.18 No.1

This study closely examines how child emotional abuse and neglect are defined not only by international regulations but also in South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Those of the United Kingdom influenced Korean policies on children, and the child abuse policies of the United States were the prime contributor to the establishment of child abuse prevention policies in Korea. This study seeks to explore how child emotional abuse and neglect are punished and dealt with in those two aforementioned countries and reflected in the specific guidelines for clarifying the definition and understanding of child emotional abuse and neglect in Korea. The research findings show that child emotional abuse and neglect are synonymous with failure in providing responsible care and any act that undermines a child’s healthy emotional development, including infringement of children’s rights and mental exploitation. Thus there is an obvious need for discussions at a social and policy level, with consideration of the following. Laws and regulations regarding the abolishment of child corporal punishment need urgent review, and we must analyze standards of emotional abuse and neglect to draw obvious lines between disciplinary behavior and illegal, abusive behavior towards children. Also, we must state a uniform understanding of definitions and types of emotional abuse and neglect in the most specific ways possible. We must expand the definition of a perpetrator of child abuse not to the parents but to the actual perpetrator, and we must thoroughly study the definitions to avoid legal ambiguity. The subject to legal protection also needs expansion, so that the law requires anyone who provides childcare to report emotional abuse and neglect. .

부모 자녀 의사소통과 자녀의 자아존중감: 순응, 저항, 화응, 무시 의사소통과 의사소통량이 여자 청소년 자녀의 자아존중감에 미치는 영향

김반야 ( Banya Kim ) 한국커뮤니케이션학회 2017 커뮤니케이션학연구 Vol.25 No.1

이 연구는 부모 자녀 관계에서 발생하는 서로 다른 성격의 의사소통-순응, 저항, 화응, 무시가 자녀의 자아존중감에 미치는 효과를 검증했다. 순응, 저항, 화응, 무시 의사소통은 부모의 행동적 통제와 지지에 대한 자녀의 수용 및 거절을 기준으로 구성되었다. 이와 함께 순응, 저항, 화응, 무시 의사소통이 자녀의 자아존중감에 미치는 효과가 부모 자녀 간 의사소통량에 따라 차이를 보이는지 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 12-15세 여자 청소년을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하고 총 403명의 응답값을 통계적으로 분석했다. 어머니와의 대화를 연구대상으로 선정하고 면대면 대화와 휴대전화 이용을 포함하였다. 그 결과 부모의 행동적 통제와 지지, 그리고 그에 대한 자녀의 수용 및 거절에 따라 부모 자녀 의사소통이 자녀의 자아존중감에 미치는 영향이 다르게 나타났다. 부모 자녀 의사소통량의 조절효과는 유의하지 않았다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 부모 자녀 의사소통의 성격을 설명하는 기준으로서의 순응, 저항, 화응, 무시 의사소통의 타당성을 확인했다. 이는 부모 자녀 의사소통에서 자녀의 역할 및 중요성을 보여주며 부모 자녀 의사소통 연구를 다양한 관점에서 입체적으로 접근 할 수 있는 방법을 제시했다. This research first examines the relationship between four types of parent-child communication─ “compliance,” “resistance,” “reciprocation,” and “ignorance”─and child`s self-esteem. These types of parent-child communication emerge from two parental behaviors─parental behavioral control and support─and the child`s reactions to them─ acceptance and denial. Child`s behaviors are considered as reflections of positive or negative perceptions toward parental behaviors. In addition, this research investigates mediating effect of the quantity of parent-child communication between the four types of parent-child communication and child`s self-esteem. For this research, an online survey of middle-school girls aged 12 to 15 was conducted (N=403), and the data were statistically analyzed. This study was limited to mother and daughter communication, and it included both face to face and mediated communication. The results reveal that the effect of parent-child communication varies depending on not only subcategories of parental behaviors but also a child`s perception of and attitude toward them. The moderating effect of communication quantity among the communication types and child`s self-esteem was not established. The results confirm the validity of the four types of parent-child communication as a yardstick to explain characteristics of communication of each parent-child relationship. This study shows the importance of child`s role and reciprocity in parent-child communication and also provides a critical insight into future parent-child communication research.

Child Abuse and State Intervention: The Danish Case Tøndersagen

한분영 한국 스칸디나비아학회 2015 스칸디나비아 연구 Vol.16 No.-

Denmark is commonly known as a welfare state, offering universal benefits to all people living and working within the country. Luckily, most children in Denmark are doing well, but for those who are exposed to abuse, improved knowledge and understanding is essential to provide the best possible services. Therefore, following the critical results from the 2003 UNICEF report, one may wonder how Denmark responded to this discouraging state of child maltreatment. The purpose of this article is to analyze the development of child welfare policies since 2003 in Denmark. To accomplish this, I will discuss the concepts of child abuse, intervention and welfare in general, and key studies from Denmark after the 2003 UNICEF report, in particular. Furthermore, I will use the child abuse case known to locals as Tøndersagen (TheTøndercase), which was discovered in 2005 to illustrate the state’s responsibility to intervene in high-risk families. The framework for child welfare can be characterized as either a child protective orientation or a family welfare orientation in regards to the child abuse reporting system. These two systems differ along four dimensions: 1) Framing child abuse, 2) Operating the response, 3) The function of child welfare professionals and 4) Parents agreement to out-of-homeplacements. Child abuse was medically “discovered” in 1962 when Kempe and his colleagues coined the term the battered child syndrome to describe “a clinical condition in young children who have received serious physical abuse, generally from a parent or a foster parent”. Tøndersagen is an example of the State’s failure to intervene, and the eldest daughter’s successful legal action against the local authorities has proven an important historical change in attitudes towards local authority’s responsibilities towards at-risk and abused children. At a time, when privatization and marketization has become a dominating trend, the compensation is a reminder that quality must be a primary priority when delivering social welfare services.

학대피해아동 보호를 위한 지자체 역할 강화 : 아동학대처벌법과 아동복지법의 상호연계성을 중심으로

장영인 사회복지법제학회 2022 사회복지법제연구 Vol.13 No.3

This study examines the interrelationship between ‘Act on Special Cases Concerning the Punishment, etc. of Child Abuse Crimes(the APCBC)’ and the Child Welfare Act, which are key legal means for the protection of abused children, in terms of whether two Acts contribute to achieving the goal of ensuring child welfare through child protection. Its main purpose is to analyze whether appropriate means are provided to the local authority for the protection of these abused children. To this end, this study examines the protection procedures of the APCBC, especially child protection decision and child victim protection orders, focusing on their effectiveness with analyzing the current status of their use. And these results were analyzed in relation to the protective measures taken by the local authority in accordance with the Child Welfare Act. As a result, it was found that, among temporary protection decision, child protection decision, and child victim protection orders, the most used are decisions and orders elated to education or counseling for the perpetrators. Second, it was found that the people who mostly applied for these education and counseling-related measures were not the police but specialized child protection agencies. Third, the aim of these counseling-related decisions and orders might be achieved even with the protection measures taken by the local authority based on the Child Welfare Act, provided that the actors consent to and cooperate with the protection measures taken by the local authority. However, provisions of both laws were ambiguous or absent in terms of how to interrelate both Acts for local authorities to discharge their authority and power in relation to child abuses. Based on this analysis, this study proposes that the local authorities responsible for the protection of children in their jurisdictions should be more involved in all stages of the family court's decisions and enforcement procedures or the protection of abused children. 본 연구는 학대피해아동의 보호를 위한 핵심적인 법률수단인 아동학대처벌법과 아동복지법이 아동보호를 통한 아동복지의 보장이라는 목적을 달성하기 위해, 상호연관성에 대한 어떤 규정이 있는지 살펴보고, 이러한 규정이 학대피해아동 보호를 위한 적절한 수단을 제공하고 있는지 분석하는 것을 주요 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 아동학대처벌법상의 아동보호사건과 피해아동보호명령사건에 관한 보호절차와 법적 수단이 무엇인지 살펴보고, 그 실무에서의 활용 현황을 통해 실효성을 살펴보았다. 그리고 이러한 결과를 아동복지법상의 지자체장의 보호조치와의 연관성 속에서 분석하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 아동학대처벌법에 따라 법원이 개입하는 법적 수단, 즉 임시조치, 보호처분, 피해아동보호명령의 세부유형에서 가장 많이 활용되는 것은 행위자에 대한 교육이나 상담관련 조치인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 이러한 교육과 상담관련 조치를 가장 많이 신청한 사람은 경찰이 아니라 아동보호전문기관인 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 학대예방과 재발방지를 통해 아동을 보호하기 위해서는 학대행위자에 대한 처벌보다 학대행위자의 양육태도의 변화가 더 중요하다고 보기 때문이다. 셋째, 이러한 상담관련 조치나 예방적 지원은 행위자의 동의와 협조가 있다면, 아동복지법상의 지자체장의 보호조치로도 가능하기 때문에, 법원의 개입과 지자체장의 보호조치 간의 역할 구분과 연계성이 강화될 필요가 있지만, 두 법률의 규정은 이에 대해 모호하거나 부재하였다.

아동복지법상 금지행위 규정에 대한 형사법적 검토

윤소현 법조협회 2023 法曹 Vol.72 No.5

아동복지학에서는 우리나라의 현대적 아동복지의 역사를 크게 4개 시대로 나누고 있는 바, 2000년 개정 아동복지법 이후부터 현재까지를 아동권리 중심적 복지시대로 보는 것이 대체적인 견해이다. 위 2000년 개정 아동복지법은 아동권리보장의 일환으로서 특히 아동학대에 대처를 강조하였다. 그리하여 위 개정법은 아동학대에 대한 정의 규정 및 신체적, 성적, 정서적 학대 및 유기·방임이라는 4개 금지행위 유형을 도입하였다. 위 정의 및 금지행위 유형들은 종래 아동복지학계의 숙원을 상당히 반영한 것이다. 그런데 아동복지법은 아동학대 피해아동에게 아동 복지서비스를 제공하도록 할 뿐만 아니라 위 금지행위를 위반한 학대행위자를 형사처벌하도록 되어 있어 형사법적인 문제가 제기되고 있다. 기존 형사법적 범죄들과의 체계상 관련성이 논의되고 있고, ‘정서적 학대’와 죄형법정주의의 명확성의 원칙과의 문제도 제기된 바 있다. 근본적으로 위 금지행위 규정들은 아동복지학의 ‘광의의 아동학대’ 개념을 전제로 한 것이어서 이를 모두 형사처벌하는 것이 타당한지의 문제가 제기된다. 생각건대, 아동학대 금지행위는 기존 범죄의 구성요건과 다른 독자적 범죄구성요건으로 봐야 한다. 그러나 아동복지학의 ‘광의의 아동학대’를 그대로 원용하는 것은 국가형벌권의 남용을 불러일으킬 수 있으므로 보호법익인 아동의 건강과 복지를 현저한 위험을 초래할 수 있는 행위로 제한해석해야 할 것이다. In child welfare studies, the history of modern child welfare in Korea is largely divided into four eras, and it is viewed as a child rights-centered welfare era from the revised Child Welfare Act in 2000 to the present. The Child Welfare Act revised in 2000 particularly emphasized coping with child abuse as part of the guarantee of children's rights. Thus, the definition of child abuse and four types of prohibited acts were defined: physical, sexual, emotional abuse, and abandonment and neglect. The definitions and types of prohibited acts considerably reflect the long-standing wishes of the child welfare academia. However, the Child Welfare Act requires criminal punishment for violating the prohibited acts, raising criminal legal issues. It is also problematic whether the unfamiliar concept of "emotional abuse" goes against the principle of clarity of criminal courtism. Fundamentally, the prohibited act regulations introduce the concept and type of "broad child abuse" in child welfare studies, raising the question of whether it is appropriate to punish all of them criminally. In my opinion, child abuse prohibition should be viewed as an independent criminal component that is different from the existing criminal component. However, the use of the broad definition regulations of child welfare studies as it is can lead to abuse of national penal rights, so it should be interpreted by limiting it to an act that significantly hinders the health and welfare of children, which is the protection legal interest of the above requirements.

아동 불안에 영향을 미치는 사회인구학적 변인 및 우울에 관한 연구

고인숙 한국아동심리치료학회 2010 한국아동심리치료학회지 Vol.5 No.2

This study had two goals: the first goal was to investigate the effects of child's socio-demographic variables on child anxiety and the second was to investigate the effects of child anxiety on child depression. Three-hundred-and-twenty-eight elementary students participated in this study. For socio-demographic variables, child's gender, child's grade, father's academic attainment, mother's academic attainment, mother's status of employment, and parents' income levels were included. Child depression was measured using the Beck Youth Inventory-2 (BYI-2, Beck et al., 2005) and several dimensions of child anxiety (physical anxiety, overanxious, separation anxiety, test anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive dimensions) were measured using scales developed by this investigator for the purpose of this study. To address research questions, ANOVA's and multiple regression analyses were used. The study found that levels of child anxiety differed by child's gender, child's grade, father's academic attainment, mother's academic attainment, mother's status of employment, and parents' income levels. The study also found that children's levels of depression were affected by their levels of physical anxiety, overanxiety, test anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The findings of this study will increase understanding of child anxiety and provide useful information for the treatment of children with anxiety.

어린이집 아동학대 발생 원인에 대한 생태학적 접근 연구: 2015년 국가아동학대정보시스템 아동학대사례를 중심으로

정선아,장화정,김경희,김미경,박보영 한국아동권리학회 2018 아동과 권리 Vol.22 No.3

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the causes of child abuse at daycare centers using the National Child Abuse Database System in 2015 from an ecological approach. Methods: A study was conducted on 424 cases of child abuse in daycare centers in 2015. The data analysis was conducted on two levels. First, we analyzed the abuse behavior of the child care staff and the child’s behavior of the abuse situation. Second, we analyzed the documents of all the cases, explained the abuse situation or extracted elements that was reported as causes of child abuse, and classified each element by an ecological approach. Results: As a result of analyzing the abuse situation, the behavior of children affected by abuse showed up at a higher rate, such as not being controlled by teachers like “not following instructions from teachers”. We examined the causes of child abuse from an ecological approach. The results revealed the micro-systematic problem of the child care teacher’s expertise and the problems of the child care director’s expertise, which is a middle system. Negative organizational characteristics of daycare centers interacted between the microsystem and the microsystem and teacher’s stress was caused by parents and the macro-systematic type of punishment level for child abuse. Conclusions: Child abuse in daycare centers was the result of interaction between different systems. It is necessary to consider inter-system interactions when establishing a policy to prevent child abuse. 연구목적: 본 연구는 2015년 국가아동학대정보시스템에 입력된 어린이집 아동학대 발생원인을 생태학적 접근으로 분석하여 원인의 다층성과 그 관계를 밝히는데 목적이 있다. 방법: 국가아동학대정보시스템에 입력되어 있는 2015년 어린이집 아동학대 사례 424건(전수)를 연구 대상으로 하였다. 자료 분석은 두 가지 수준에서 이루어졌다. 첫째, 424건의 사례 문서(각 4종)에서 아동학대 상황을 파악하기 위하여 보육교직원의 학대행위와 아동의 행위를 매칭하여 분석하였다. 둘째, 전 사례의 문서에서 아동학대 상황을 설명하거나, 아동학대 원인으로 보고되고 있는 요소를 추출하고, 각 요소를 생태학적 체계로 분류하였다. 결과: 아동학대 상황을 분석한 결과 학대피해아동의 행위는 ‘교사가 지시한 것을 따르지않음’과 같이 교사의 통제에 따르지 않는 등의 행위가 높은 비율로 나타났다. 생태학적접근에서 아동학대 발생 원인을 살펴본 결과 미시체계인 보육교직원의 전문성 문제, 중간체계인 원장의 보육전문성 문제, 미시체계와 중간체계 간 상호작용으로 부정적인 어린이집 조직 특성, 부모로 인한 교사 스트레스, 거시체계로 아동학대 행위자 처벌 수준으로 드러났다. 결론: 국가아동학대정보시스템에 입력된 2015년 어린이집 아동학대 전수를 분석한 결과 어린이집에서 일어난 아동학대는 교사나 아동의 개인 특성보다는 생태학적 관점의 체계간 상호작용의 결과임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 외체계인 교사양성과정과 보수교육 체계의 문제가 간접적으로 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 아동학대 예방 정책 수립 시 체계 간 상호작용을 고려해야 할 필요가 있다.

어린이집 CCTV 설치 및 운영에 대한 헌법적 쟁점과 과제 : 헌법재판소 2017. 12. 28. 2015헌마994 결정을 중심으로

김정수 법과사회이론학회 2019 법과 사회 Vol.0 No.62

국가는 아동의 학대방지, 안전 및 보호 등을 위해 다양한 방법을 강구하고 대책을 마련하여야 한다. 아동의 경우 스스로 자신의 안전과 생명을 보호하기 위한 자구력을 갖지 못한다는 점에서 그 보호 필요성은 더 크다고 할 수 있다. 어린이집에서 발생하는 아동학대 사건이 사회적으로 큰 문제로 부각되고 점점 증가하는 추세에서, 2015년 영유아보육법이 개정되어 어린이집 CCTV 설치가 의무화되었다. 하지만 어린이집 CCTV 설치 의무화 문제는 입법 이후에도 찬반 입장이 팽팽히 맞서고 있었고, 설치 의무화가 어느 정도 지난 시점에까지 그 효과가 크지 않고, 현실적으로도 어려움이 많다는 연구결과들이 지속적으로 제시되고 있다. 2017년 12월 28일 헌법재판소에 의해 영유아보육법 제15조의4에 대한 헌법적 판단은 내려졌지만, 당초 입법목적인 ‘안전하게 보호받고 양육되어야 하는 영유아의 권리’와 마찬가지로 헌법상 보장되어야 할 ‘보육교사의 권리’간의 관계는 어린이집 CCTV 설치 의무화 합헌결정으로 인해 다시금 헌법적 관점에서 재고찰되어야 할 필요성이 있다고 생각된다. 본 논문에서는 영유아보육법 제15조의4를 중심으로 어린이집 CCTV 설치・운영에 관한 입법 관련 내용에 대해 헌법적 관점에서 그 쟁점과 과제를 검토해보았다. 특히 현행 영유아보육법 제15조의4 조항과 관련하여 아동과 부모, 보육교사 간의 다양한 기본권 충돌 및 제한 문제가 여전히 발생할 수 있다는 점을 재확인하였다. 어린이집 CCTV 설치・운영의 구체적인 상황을 고려해 볼 때, 기본권 제한 및 충돌의 문제를 해결하기에 과잉금지원칙을 기준으로 판단하는 것이 적합하다고 생각된다. 먼저 아동의 학대방지, 안전보호 등의 공익적 목적을 달성하기 위한 조치로서 목적의 정당성은 인정된다. 또한 이와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위한 CCTV의 설치는 효과적인 수단이라는 점에서 수단의 적합성도 인정된다. 하지만 어린이집의 다른 권리주체인 보육교사의 권리를 침해할 수 있는 가능성이 있으며. 또한 입법에 있어 어린이집 CCTV 설치・운영은 어린이집 구성원들의 합의를 통해 설치 여부를 결정해도 그 목적을 달성할 수 있다는 점에서 CCTV 설치 의무화는 구성원인 보육교사들의 기본권을 지나치게 강하게 제한하는 것이며, 기본권을 덜 제한하는 방법이 가능하다는 점에서 피해의 최소성은 부정된다고 할 것이다. 어린이집 CCTV의 설치・운영 목적은 아동에 대한 보호, 안전 등 공익을 목적으로 하며, 구체적으로 아동의 생명권, 신체의 자유, 인격권 등과 관련이 있다. 이로 인해 제한되는 보육교사의 교육권, 근로의 권리 등은 그에 비해서는 침해되는 정도가 심하지 않다고 볼 수도 있으나, 국가의 기본권 보호의무와 관련해서 보육교사의 기본권 보장을 위해서는 법익의 균형성 역시 인정되지 않는다고 할 수 있고 법 개정의 필요성이 있다고 보여 진다. 결론적으로 어린이집 CCTV 설치 의무화는 아동과 부모, 보육교사들의 기본권을 과도하게 제한하는 것이며, 과잉금지원칙에 위반되어 위법하다고 보아야 할 것이다. 다만 개정안을 어떤 기준과 요건에 따라 마련할 것인지는 입법자의 재량에 속하는 부분이므로, 이를 단순히 위헌으로만 판단할 경우 영유아 보육행정에 법적 공백이 발생할 우려가 있으므로 위헌결정을 하는 대신 헌법불합치결정을 선고하되, 입법자가 이 사건 법률조항의 위헌성을 제거하고 합리적인 내용으로 개정할 때까지 일정 기간 이를 잠정적으로 적용할 필요가 있다고 생각된다. 따라서 어린이집 CCTV 설치 의무화를 규정한 영유아보육법 제15조의4 및 제반 규정은 보다 정밀하고 체계적으로 어린이집 권리주체들의 기본권을 최소한으로 제한하도록 개정되어야 하고, 더 나아가 CCTV의 설치는 어린이집 구성원 상호간의 협의에 의해 설치하도록 재량권을 부여하는 것이 타당하다고 보여 진다. The State should take various measures and prepare measures for the prevention of child abuse, safety and protection. In the case of children, the need for protection is greater in that they do not have self-help to protect their own safety and life. As child abuse incidents in Child-Care centers have become a social problem and are increasing, Child Care Act was revised in 2015 and CCTV installation of Child-Care centers was mandatory. However, the issue of mandatory installation of CCTV in Child-Care centers has been confronted with the pros and cons even after the legislation, and the results of the study have been continuously suggested that the effect is not great until the time when the mandatory installation is somewhat over, and there are many difficulties in reality. Although the Constitutional Court ruled Article 15-4 of the Child Care Act on December 28, 2017, it is necessary to reconsider the relationship between the rights of the Infant care teachers, which should be guaranteed in the Constitution, as the original legislative purpose of the “right of infants and toddlers to be protected and raised safely” is considered to be necessary again from the constitutional point of view due to the constitutional decision to install CCTV in the Child-Care centers. This study examined the issues and tasks of the legislation related to the installation and operation of CCTV in Child-Care centers from the constitutional perspective, focusing on Article 15-4 of the Child Care Act. In particular, it was reaffirmed that there may still be various conflicts and restrictions on fundamental rights between children, parents, and the Infant care teachers in relation to Article 15-4 of the current Child Care Act. Considering the specific situation of installation and operation of CCTV in Child-Care centers, it is considered to be appropriate to judge the problem of restriction of fundamental rights and collision based on Principle of Proportionality. First, the appropriateness of legislative purpose is recognized as a measure to achieve public interest purposes such as prevention of abuse and safety protection of children. In addition, the appropriate means of legislative purpose is recognized in that the installation of CCTV to achieve such a purpose is an effective means. However, there is a possibility that it can infringe on the rights of Infant care teachers who are other members of Child-Care centers. In addition, in the legislative purpose, CCTV installation and operation of Child-Care centers can achieve legislative purposes even if it is decided whether to install them through the agreement of Child-Care centers members. Therefore, mandatory CCTV installation is too strongly restricting the fundamental rights of Infant care teachers who are members, and the least restrictive means is denied in that it is possible to limit the fundamental rights less. The purpose of installation and operation of CCTV in Child-Care centers is to protect children and to protect children, and to protect children, and to specifically relate to children's right to life, freedom of body, and personality. As a result, the limited educational rights and the right of work of Infant care teachers may not be seriously violated, but in relation to the obligation to protect the fundamental rights of the state, the balance between the public and private interests is not recognized and the need for amendment of the law is seen. In conclusion, the mandatory installation of CCTV in Child-Care centers is to limit the fundamental rights of children, parents, and Infant care teachers excessively, and it should be considered illegal because it violates the principle of excessive prohibition. However, it is a part of the legislative discretion to prepare the amendment according to the standards and requirements, so if it is judged only as unconstitutional, there is a possibility of a legal gap in the infant care administration. Therefore, it is necessary to temporarily apply it for a certain period of time until the legislator removes the unconstitutionality of the case law and amends it to reasonable contents. Therefore, Article 15-4 and all regulations of the Child-care Act stipulating the mandatory installation of CCTV in the Child-Care centers should be revised to limit the fundamental rights of the rights subject of Child-Care centers to the minimum, and it seems reasonable to grant discretion to install CCTV by mutual consultation among the members of the Child-Care centers.

아동학대에 관한 형법적 대응의 의미와 과제

김성규(Seong Gyu KIM) 한국형사정책학회 2015 刑事政策 Vol.27 No.1

Child maltreatment is an intimate and complicated form of harm; those cases have unique characteristics that make them different from other types of violence cases. It has been suggested that child maltreatment should be recognised as criminal offending, however, at the same time, it has been also warned that its criminalisation could inflict further harm to children. In South Korea, the Act of the Punishment of Child Abuse Crimes entered into force on September 29, 2014, which is designed to assist the operation to help protect children from being victimized and to improve the investigation of child maltreatment cases. This article explores Korea's legislative approach to develope recommendations to combat child maltreatment for the purpose of child protection more effectively. It also discusses the potential of the conventional criminal justice system to deter and reduce child maltreatment, and the function of restorative practices, through which the abuser is given a clear understanding of the impact of his or her actions on the victim, as well. Finally, it reviews procedural issues that arise in the prosecution stage of a child maltreatment case. The role of law enforcement in child maltreatment cases is to investigate to determine if a violation of criminal law occurred, identify and apprehend the offender, and file appropriate criminal charges. Yet, it has been argued that child maltreatment should be considered within the broader context of child health and social welfare, with a focus on prevention. Consideration is given to the capacity of criminal sanctions to shape the behaviour of offenders, and to the impact of criminal intervention in child maltreatment cases on the processes of child protection.