부모의 양육스트레스가 유아의 정서조절능력에 미치는 영향: 자녀의 부정적 정서표현에 대한 부모 반응의 매개효과를 중심으로

이지영(Ji Young Lee),이강이(Kangyi Lee) 한국아동학회 2021 아동학회지 Vol.42 No.1

Objectives: This study’s aim was to examine the paths from fathers’ and mothers’ parenting stress to preschoolers’ emotion regulation through parents’ responses to children’s negative emotions. Methods: Questionnaires were used to assess preschoolers’ emotion regulation, parenting stress, and parental responses to children’s negative emotions. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 25.0. Statistical methods adopted for data analysis were descriptive statistics, t-tests, Pearson’s correlation, and path analysis. Results: The major findings of this study are as follows: First, there was no significant difference in emotion regulation based on children’s gender. Meanwhile, considering the differences in parenting stress between fathers and mothers, the former experienced higher levels of parenting stress than the latter, especially with regard to children’s characteristics. Second, preschooler’s emotion regulation showed a negative correlation with parenting stress but a positive correlation with the parental response to their negative emotions. On the contrary, while preschoolers’ emotion regulation displayed a negative correlation with mothers’ non-supportive responses, there was no significant correlation with fathers’ non-supportive responses. Third, when controlling for preschoolers’ temperament, parental education, and income, father’s parenting stress had a negative effect on their supportive responses to children’s negative emotions, while it had a positive effect on non-supportive responses. Meanwhile, fathers’ supportive responses to children’s negative emotions had a significant effect but their non-supportive responses had no direct significant effect on preschoolers’ emotion regulation. Fourth, mothers’ parenting stress had a significant negative effect on their supportive responses to children’s negative emotions, while it had a positive effect on non-supportive responses. In addition, mothers’ support for children’s negative emotions had a significant positive effect on children’s emotion regulation, while their non-supportive responses had a negative effect. Conclusion: In separate analyses for fathers and mothers, parenting stress revealed the path to affect emotion regulation by using parent’s responses to children’s negative emotions. Thus, There is a need for a different approaches to the management of fathers’ and mothers’ stress. Parenting stress and the parental responses to children’s negative emotions is important for the development of emotion regulation in preschoolers.

어머니의 정서발달관련 신념이 자녀의 부정정서 표현에 대한 반응과 아동의 정서조절에 미치는 영향

신주혜,정윤경 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 2016 한국심리학회지 발달 Vol.29 No.2

본 연구는 자녀의 정서발달에 영향을 주는 어머니의 양육행동에 기저하는 어머니의 정서에 대한 신념을 확인하고자 한 것이다. 이를 위하여 만 3∼6세 자녀를 둔 어머니들을 대상으로 정서발달관련 신념(PBACE: Parents' Beliefs about Children's Emotions Questionnaire), 자녀의 부정정서 표현에 대한 반응(CCNES), 아동의 정서조절(ERC)을 포함한 설문지를 실시하였다. 어머니의 정서발달에 대한 신념과 부정적 정서표현에 대한 반응, 아동의 정서조절간의 관련성을 확인한 결과, 부정정서 가치와 긍정정서 가치, 중립적 가치, 정서유동성 및 발달가능성, 부모지도 신념은 자녀의 부정정서 표현에 대한 지지적 반응과 높은 정적 관련성을 보인 반면 정서위험, 조롱, 사생활, 조작 신념은 비지지적 반응과 높은 정적 관련성을 보였다. 또한 자녀의 부정정서 표현에 대한 지지적 반응은 자녀의 적응적 정서조절과 정적 관련성을, 비지지적 반응은 자녀의 불안정 조절과 정적 관련성을 나타냈으며, 부정정서 가치와 긍정정서 가치, 정서유동성 및 발달가능성, 부모지도 신념은 자녀의 적응적 정서조절과 정적 관련성을, 정서위험, 조롱, 사생활, 조작 신념은 자녀의 불안정 조절과 정적 관련성을 보였다. 모형분석 결과에서는 긍정정서가치, 정서위험, 부모지도, 경멸 신념은 어머니의 정서관련 양육행동을 매개로 하여 아동의 정서조절에 간접적으로 영향을 주며, 통제, 정서유동성, 사생활, 조작 신념은 직접적으로 아동의 정서조절에 영향을 미치는 것으로 드러났다. This study examined Korean mothers’ emotion-related beliefs and their relationships with mother’s emotion-related parenting behaviors and children’s emotion-regulations. For this purpose, mothers who had a child who was 3~6 years old completed questionnaires regarding emotion development-related beliefs, the mother's coping strategies for children's negative emotion expression, and children’s emotion-regulations. We found that 12 emotion-related beliefs influenced children’s emotion-regulations, which were mediated by mothers’ parenting behaviors. “Negative emotions are valuable”, “positive emotions are valuable”, “emotion fluidity” and “parents should guide” were positively related to the mothers’ supportive responses and children’s emotion-regulations. In contrast, “contempt”, “manipulation” and “the danger of emotion” were positively related to mothers’ non-supportive responses and children’s emotion-negativity. Also, “mothers’ supportive parenting behavior” was positively related to children’s emotion-regulations and “mothers’ non-supportive parenting behavior” was negatively related to children’s emotion-regulations. In addition, “positive emotions are valuable”, “the danger of emotion”, “parents should guide”, and “contempt” indirectly accounted for children’s emotion-regulations, which were mediated by mothers’ parenting behaviors. “Control”, “emotion fluidity”, “privacy”, and “manipulation” directly accounted for children’s emotion-regulations.

어머니의 양육스트레스와 유아의 정서조절능력의 관계에서 자녀의 부정적 정서표현에 대한 어머니 반응의 매개효과

강선주,임선아 한국영유아보육학회 2020 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.123

This study aimed to verify the effect of mother's reaction to negative emotional expression between mother’s parenting stress and child's emotional control and to find out it’s relationship with gender difference among variables. To this end, data from 307 mothers of children at kindergartens and day-care centers located in J province were analyzed using structural equation model and a multi-group SEM. The results were as follows. Firstly, mother’s parenting stress and the mother's reaction to child's negative emotional expression affects the child's emotional control capacity. Secondly, mother's reaction to child's negative emotional expressions were found to have mediated between mother’s parenting stress and child's emotional control capacity. Thirdly, child's gender differences were shown, a boy-mother's non-supportive reaction did not affect his negative emotional control capacity whereas a girl-mother's reaction did affect the child's capacity. This study suggested that it is necessary to know the effect of mother's reaction to her child’s negative emotional expression, but it also suggests that it is necessary to know that the effect of a mother’s reaction on the child’s emotional control might differ depending on the child’s gender. 본 연구는 어머니의 양육스트레스와 유아의 정서조절능력의 관계에서 자녀의 부정적 정서표현에 대한 어머니 반응의 매개효과를 검증하고 이러한 관계에서 성별에 따른 차이가 나타나는지 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 J도 지역의 유치원 및 어린이집에 재원하는 유아 307명의 어머니를 대상으로 다집단 구조방정식모형을 사용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 양육스트레스와 자녀의 부정적인 정서표현에 대한 어머니의 반응은 유아의 정서조절능력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 자녀의 부정적인 정서표현에 대한 어머니의 반응은 어머니의 양육스트레스와 유아의 정서조절능력을 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 성별에 따른 차이가 나타났는데, 구체적으로 남아의 경우 어머니의 비지지적인 반응이 부적응적 정서조절능력에 영향을 미치지는 않지만 여아는 어머니가 비지지적인 반응을 보일시 부적응적 정서조절능력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 자녀의 부정적인 정서표현에 대한 어머니의 반응이 어머니의 양육스트레스와 유아의 정서조절능력을 매개함을 보여주고, 어머니의 반응이 유아의 정서조절능력에 미치는 영향이 유아의 성별에 따라 다르게 나타나는 결과를 보였다.

어머니의 상위정서, 유아의 부정적 정서에 대한 어머니의 반응, 유아의 자아탄력성, 유아의 문제행동 간의 관계

김소라,김희태 한국열린교육학회 2018 열린교육연구 Vol.26 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate young children's gender difference of mothers' meta-emotion, mothers' reaction to young children's negative emotion, young children’s ego-resilience, and their behavior problem, and to examine effects of the relationship among mothers' meta-emotion, mothers' reactions to young children's negative emotion, young children's ego-resilience, and their behavior problem. The subjects were 279 pairs of preschoolers and their mothers who were enrolled in 11 child's care centers near Seoul. Mothers were asked to complete the questionnaire that assesses their meta-emotion and reactions to young children’s negative emotion, and teachers responded to the questionnaire that assesses young children’s ego-resilience and behavior problem. The results were as follows. First, there were meaningful differences on young children's gender in suppressive attitude and supportive beliefs of mothers' meta-emotion and young children's ego-resilience. Second, there were meaningful correlation among mothers' meta-emotion, mothers' reactions to young children's negative emotion, young children's ego-resilience, and their behavior problem. Third, mothers' supportive reactions to young children's negative emotion, attachment and self-control of their ego-resilience affected young children’s externalizing behavior problem. Also it was said that empathic acceptance, suppressive attitude, and supportive beliefs of mothers' meta-emotion, mothers' reactions to young children's negative emotion, and attachment, self-control, initiativeness of ego-resilience affected young children’s internalizing behavior problem. 본 연구는 유아의 성별에 따라 어머니의 상위정서, 유아의 부정적 정서에 대한 어머니의 반응, 유아의 자아탄력성, 문제행동이 차이가 있는지와 이들 변인들 간의 관계는 어떠하고 아울러 유아의 문제행동에 대한 각 변인들의 영향력이 어떠한지 살펴보는 것이 주된 목적이다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 서울 및 경기지역에 있는 유아교육기관 어머니-유아 279쌍을 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유아의 성별에 따라 어머니의 상위정서의 억압적 태도와 지지적 신념, 유아의 자아탄력성은 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 어머니의 상위정서, 유아의 부정적 정서에 대한 어머니의 반응, 유아의 자아탄력성, 유아의 문제행동은 유의미한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 유아의 외현화 문제행동에는 유아의 부정적 정서에 대한 어머니의 반응 중 지지적 반응, 유아의 자아탄력성 중 자기통제, 애착이 영향을 미치고 있었다. 넷째, 유아의 내재화 문제행동에는 어머니의 상위정서 중 억압적 태도, 공감적 수용, 지지적 신념과 유아의 부정적 정서에 대한 어머니의 반응 중 지지적 반응과 비지지적 반응, 그리고 유아의 자아탄력성 중 애착, 자기통제, 주도성이 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

The Relationship between Chinese Parents` Reaction to Children`s Negative Emotions and Children"s Understanding of Emotions

Ri Hua Jin,Young Lee 한국아동학회 2014 Child studies in Asia-Pacific context Vol.4 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate Chinese parents`` reaction to their children``s negative emotions and how these reactions relate to their children``s understanding of emotions. Forty two Chinese children (aged 4) and their parents participated in this study. Coping with Children``s Negative Emotion Scale was given to parents to assess their reaction to their children``s negative emotions. Children``s emotional understanding was assessed using the modified emotional false-belief task and mixed emotion task. The results showed that Chinese parents gave supportive reactions more than non-supportive reactions to their children, and no difference in sex was found. The percentages of correct answers to false-belief task and mixed emotion task were low with no gender difference in both tasks. When age and sex of children were controlled, only fathers`` supportive reactions to children``s negative emotions significantly explained the variances in the level of children``s understanding of emotions in both tasks. That is, children whose fathers showed greater supportive reactions to their negative emotions performed better at both tasks. It was concluded that fathers`` supportive reactions to their children``s negative emotions are very influential for emotional understanding among 4-year-old children in China.

어머니의 정서표현성과 부정적 정서표현에 대한 반응이 아동의 정서지능에 미치는 영향

강현지 ( Hyun Jee Kang ),임정하 ( Jungha Lim ) 대한가정학회 2015 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.53 No.3

This study examines child emotional intelligence in relation to mother’s emotional expressiveness and reaction to child negative emotions. A sample of 352 children and mothers from 4 elementary schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi participated in the study. Child emotional intelligence and mother’s reaction to child negative emotions were evaluated by child-report, and mother’s emotional expressiveness was assessed by mother-report. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, two-way analysis of variances, Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analyses. The findings were as follows. First, mothers of boys showed more oversensitive-reaction to child negative emotions than mothers of girls. Mothers of 6th-graders showed more emotion-minimizing-reaction to child negative emotions than mothers of 5th-graders. Second, girls showed a higher level of overall emotional intelligence than boys. Girls showed a higher level of emotion expression and emotion regulation than boys. The 5th-graders showed higher level of emotion expression than 6th-graders; however, 6th graders showed a higher level of emotion perception than 5th-graders. Third, more emotion-coaching-reaction and less oversensitive-reaction by mothers predicted a better emotional intelligence of children. A mother’s appropriate emotional socialization behaviors associated with child emotional intelligence were discussed.

The Relationship between Chinese Parents' Reaction to Children's Negative Emotions and Children's Understanding of Emotions

Jin, Rihua,Lee, Young Korean Association of Child Studies 2014 Child studies in Asia-Pacific context Vol.3 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate Chinese parents' reaction to their children's negative emotions and how these reactions relate to their children's understanding of emotions. Forty-two Chinese children (aged 4) and their parents participated in this study. Coping with Children's Negative Emotion Scale was given to parents to assess their reaction to their children's negative emotions. Children's emotional understanding was assessed using the modified emotional false-belief task and mixed emotion task. The results showed that Chinese parents gave supportive reactions more than non-supportive reactions to their children, and no difference in sex was found. The percentages of correct answers to false-belief task and mixed emotion task were low with no gender difference in both tasks. When age and sex of children were controlled, only fathers' supportive reactions to children's negative emotions significantly explained the variances in the level of children's understanding of emotions in both tasks. That is, children whose fathers showed greater supportive reactions to their negative emotions performed better at both tasks. It was concluded that fathers' supportive reactions to their children's negative emotions are very influential for emotional understanding among 4-year-old children in China.

아동의 성별 및 기질과 부정적 정서표현에 대한 어머니의 반응이 공격성에 미치는 영향

윤상희,임정하,정순화 한국인간발달학회 2018 人間發達硏究 Vol.25 No.4

The purpose of this study is to examine child aggression in relation to temperament and mother’s reaction to child negative emotions. A sample of 366 children in the 5th or 6th grade in six elementary schools participated. Temperament, mother’s reaction to child negative emotions and aggression were assessed by a child-report using a set of questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-tests, Pearson’s correlations and hierarchical regression analyses. The major findings are as follows. First, boys reported a higher level of oversensitive-reaction of their mothers than girls. Second, boys showed greater physical aggression than girls. Third, there were bivariate associations among temperament, mother’s reaction to child negative emotions and child aggression. That is, greater aggression was related to higher negative emotionality, lower activity as well as sociability of the child. Also, greater aggression was linked to less emotion-coaching reaction, more oversensitive reaction and emotion-minimizing reaction of mothers. Fourth, child aggression was significantly explained by gender, negative emotionality and mother’s reactions to the child negative emotions. The findings suggest the importance of assessing negative emotionality of children and educating emotion coaching behaviors of mothers for reducing child aggression.

아동의 부정적 정서표현에 대한 어머니 반응 유형의 군집에 따른 아동의 정서조절 능력 차이 검증

김지윤,오지현 한국보육지원학회 2017 한국보육지원학회지 Vol.13 No.3

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine natural groupings of the sub-factors of mother’s reaction to children’s negative emotions. The natural groupings were as follows; the emotion-coaching-reaction, the emotion-minimizing- reaction and oversensitive reaction. In addition, this paper also investigated individual differences in children’s emotion regulation by clusters of sub-factors of mother’s reaction to children’s negative emotions. Methods: The subjects of this study consisted of 318 children. The data were analyzed using cluster analysis and one-way ANOVA. Results: The results suggested four proper clusters, according to the characteristics of mother’s reaction to children’s negative emotions. Cluster 1 was categorized as ‘child centered-emotion coaching’, cluster 2 was categorized as ‘oversensitive- emotion coaching comorbid’, cluster 3 was categorized as ‘acceptionemotion minimizing confused’ and cluster 4 was categorized as ‘emotion minimizing- unsupporting.’ Additionally, the differences between Emotion regulations in each cluster showed distinct points of interest. In terms of the maladaptive emotion regulation, cluster 3 showed the highest level followed by cluster 4. And cluster 1 and 2 showed the lowest level. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study helped to find a deeper understanding of the operation of specific clusters of mother’s reaction to children’s negative emotion and children’s emotion regulation.

유아의 부정적 정서에 대한 어머니의 지지적 반응과 비지지적 반응이 유아의 내면화 및 외현화 문제행동에 미치는 영향

윤경미,한세영 한국보육지원학회 2017 한국보육지원학회지 Vol.13 No.3

Objective: This study investigates the main effects and interaction effects of mother's reactions to young children's negative emotions on the children's problem behaviors. Methods: A total of 346 mothers with toddlers completed questionnaires, the data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Results: First, mothers’ supportive response to young children’s negative emotions, including expressive encouragement, emotion-focused reactions, and problem-focused reactions, showed negative relations with the children’s internal and external problem behaviors. Mothers' unsupportive response to children’s negative emotions, including distress reactions, minimization reactions, and punitive reactions, showed positive relations with the children’s internal and external problem behaviors. Second, an interactive effect was observed. For external problem behavior, mothers' lower distress reactions accompanied by higher emotion-focused reactions, lower punitive reactions accompanied by higher emotion-focused reactions, lower distress reactions accompanied by higher problem-focused reactions, and lower punitive reactions accompanied by higher problem-focused reactions all decreased children′s problem behavior. However, for internal problem behavior, only mothers' lower distress reactions accompanied by higher emotion-focused reaction decreased children′s problem behavior. Conclusion/Implication: The main interaction effect on mothers’ reaction to young children’s negative emotional expression shows that preventive intervention is needed to address problem behavior.