주얼리 개념의 확장과 수렴을 통한 블러(Blur: 불명확하게 만듦)현상 연구

이지원(Lee, Ji Won),나건(Nah, Ken) 한국디자인문화학회 2016 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.22 No.2

현대 사회에서의 주얼리는 보다 다양한 형태와 개념으로 이해되고 있다. 정형화된 개념으로는 신체 착장의 기능이 있는 재산 가치성이 있는 장식용 장신구이다. 그러나 주얼리는 감성적인 부분을 표출 하며 개인 내면의 정서나 미감을 표현 할 수 있는 개인적인 성향을 지니고 있고, 이러한 주얼리의 특성을 반영하여 다양한 기술적 제품들과 표현된 형태의 제품들이 많다. 현대 사회는 인터넷 등 사회 문화적인 현상과 흐름이 개방과 공유가 보편화 되어가고 있고, 따라서 인식에 대한 형태도 보다 유연하고 개방적이다. 뿐만 아니라 급속하게 발전하는 기술들은 어떻게 인간의 삶에 밀접하게 다가 갈수 있는 방법을 모색하고 있다. 이러한 사회 문화적인 흐름 아래 있는 주얼리에 대해서 논의 해보도록 하겠다. 이 논문에서는 연구 방법으로 우선, 일반적인 주얼리에 대한 개념을 살펴보고 현재의 사회 문화적인 현상들 속에서 경계와 분류들이 모호화 되어 가는 현상인 블러(Blur)현상에 대해 이론적으로 고찰 해 볼 것이다. 다음으로 블러(Blur)현상에 대입할 수 있는 주얼리의 다양한 형태들을 사례연구로 논의 하면서 주얼리의 개념을 일반적인 개념에서 확대하고 수렴하고 분리, 재 확대하여 보도록 하겠다. 이를 통해 본 논문의 목적은 보다 유연한 사고를 통한 주얼리의 개념을 만들어 갔으면 하는데 목적이 있다. 연구의 범위는 주얼리의 어느 한 영역을 연구해 보기 보다는 현대의 주얼리의 예들을 살펴보면서 주얼리의 일반적 개념에 한정하여 개념의 확장과 수렴을 통한 개념의 변화를 고찰 하도록 하겠다. 연구에 대한 결과로서 첫째, 주얼리에서의 개념의 확장에 대해서는 피터 아이젠만(Peter Eisenman)은 블러의 개념으로 기존의 일반적인 개념의 약하에 따른 다양한 해석 여지를 둘 수 있다는 이론을 패션, 얼굴장신구 및 장갑형태의 주얼리 등의 예들을 통해 설명하였고, 둘째, 주얼리로의 개념 수렴에 대해서는 블러(Blur)에 대한 타자성 개입에 따른 수렴 현상에 대해 기존의 개념이 불명확해지는 것으로 인하여 고착화 된 주얼리의 개념에 의문을 가지면서 웨어러블 기기에서 얻을 수 있는 새로운 요소를 수용하여 스마트 주얼리라는 주얼리의 새로운 개념으로 수렴 할 수 있다고 논의 하였다. 셋째, 주얼리로의 개념의 분리와 재 확장에 대해서는 블러(Blur)에 대한 모호성에 관련된 이론으로 모호성을 통해 새로운 관계로 재조합하거나 재배열하여 기존의 질서를 무너뜨려 새로운 방식으로 조합 하여 새로운 시장과 문화를 만들어 낼 수 있는 것을 논의 하였다. In modern society, jewelry is understood in a broader sense and concept. In a standard, traditional concept, jewelry refers to wearable, decorative accessory with property values. In a broader sense, however, jewelry can reveal one’s emotions, express individual feelings and display the esthetics of a wearer. Reflecting such various characteristics, a host of jewelry products with technical feats and artistic values are being produced. The socio-cultural phenomenon and trend of modern society is characterized by sharing and openness, and thanks to technological advancements like the Internet, people’s way of thinking is also more open and flexible. Moreover, the rapid developments in technologies are making ways to get a closer access to human life every second. Accordingly, this paper will look into jewelry in the socio-cultural trend. For the methods of the study, this paper will study the general concept of jewelry and provide theoretical considerations on the “blur” phenomenon where boundaries and classifications become blurred in society. Then, the study will investigate into different types of jewelry that can be applied to the “blur” phenomenon by looking into case studies, thereby expanding, converging, and re-expanding the concept of jewelry from a traditional concept to a wider concept. In this sense, the purpose of this study focuses on forming a new concept of jewelry in a wider and broader sense through flexible thoughts. And the scope of the study will be not be confined to a specific area, rather, it will focus on the general concept of jewelry and the changes in the concept by looking into case studies about modern jewelry. The results of the study include: first, when it comes to expanding the concept of jewelry, Peter Eisenman explains, by taking examples of jewelry products in fashion, facial accessories, and gloves, that there would be various explanations on defining jewelry as the traditional concept becomes blurred due to the “blur” phenomenon; second, about converging the concepts regarding jewelry, the paper discusses the intervention of otherness on the “blur” phenomenon which blurs the traditional concept, raising questions over the fixed concept of jewelry. With the questions in mind, this study also discusses that the traditional concept becomes ambiguous in accepting new factors of change, and jewelry can be understood in a new concept of “smart jewelry”; and third, regarding the separation and re-expansion in the concept of jewelry, this paper suggests that the ambiguity of the “blur” phenomenon can dismantle the traditional way of thinking and system, which gives way to create a new market and culture by recombining and rearranging the concept.

No-reference Image Blur Assessment Based on Multi-scale Spatial Local Features

( Chenchen Sun ),( Ziguan Cui ),( Zongliang Gan ),( Feng Liu ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2020 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.14 No.10

Blur is an important type of image distortion. How to evaluate the quality of blurred image accurately and efficiently is a research hotspot in the field of image processing in recent years. Inspired by the multi-scale perceptual characteristics of the human visual system (HVS), this paper presents a no-reference image blur/sharpness assessment method based on multi-scale local features in the spatial domain. First, considering various content has different sensitivity to blur distortion, the image is divided into smooth, edge, and texture regions in blocks. Then, the Gaussian scale space of the image is constructed, and the categorized contrast features between the original image and the Gaussian scale space images are calculated to express the blur degree of different image contents. To simulate the impact of viewing distance on blur distortion, the distribution characteristics of local maximum gradient of multi-resolution images were also calculated in the spatial domain. Finally, the image blur assessment model is obtained by fusing all features and learning the mapping from features to quality scores by support vector regression (SVR). Performance of the proposed method is evaluated on four synthetically blurred databases and one real blurred database. The experimental results demonstrate that our method can produce quality scores more consistent with subjective evaluations than other methods, especially for real burred images.

Investigation on the Storage Method of Blurred Art Image with Retrieval and Processing

Jingyi bo,Yubin Wang,Yu Xiang Li 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.9 No.7

For the Chinese ancient art, stone carving experiences the etching of the natural environment and become blurred. How to process and store their images becomes a quite important problem. In this paper, an image process and storage method have been proposed. In this method, the blurred image will be firstly pretreated. Then, relative images which have high similarity with the blurred image will be retrieved in the database. Thirdly, blurred images are processed with template matching method to improve the clarity. Finally, processed images and the original images are stored in the dataset with classification. A blurred art image is used as the example to verify the validity of the method. The blurred image contains a person and a door. The query method is proposed with higher speed and precision, which is due to the pretreatment and mixed subgraph method. The pretreatment can improve the precision of the query content, while the mixed subgraph method can provide the completeness of the query content. Both the mechanism improves the retrieval precision. The blurred images excavated in the soil are often with pitting and rust, which is corresponding to the noise in the image process. In the image process step, the image is fixed up when the blurry points are big enough. The verification confirms the validity of the method.

Motion blur processing method for visual SLAM system based on local residual blur discrimination network

Jiahao Chen,Yehu Shen,Qixin Zhu,Quansheng Jiang,Ou Xie,Jing Miao 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.7

In visual simultaneous localization and mapping (vSLAM) systems, motion blur often leads to insufficient number of matched features, resulting in tracking failure. Existing solutions often tackle this problem by restoring sharp images from blurry ones. However, the computational costs are high, and the restored sharp images are usually distorted. The effect of blurry image sequences to vSLAM system is analyzed, and the relationships between feature matching and motion blur are acquired to deal with the above mentioned problems. A local residual motion blur discrimination network is proposed to detect images with motion blur efficiently. Motion blur recognition results are coupled with a vSLAM system so that the feature extraction process is guided by the results from the local residual motion blur discrimination network. The performance of the vSLAM system can be effectively enhanced when it is applied to sequences with motion blur. Experimental results on the Technische Universität München dataset show that the proposed algorithm increases the average tracking length by about 200 frames compared with the original method on some image sequences with violent motions. This algorithm effectively improves the stability and accuracy of the vSLAM system.

Non-stationary deep network for restoration of non-Stationary lens blur

Kim, Soowoong,Gwak, Moonsung,Yang, Seungjoon Elsevier 2018 Pattern recognition letters Vol.108 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Optical aberrations of a lens introduce lens blur to photographed images. Lens blur is non-stationary with the amount and characteristics of blur varying depending on spatial pixel locations in an image. This work presents non-stationary deep networks for the restoration of non-stationary lens blur. Deep networks have relatively larger receptive fields. However, the receptive fields of stationary deep networks are not wide enough for the networks to cope with the non-stationarity of lens blur that span the entire image. We use spatial pixel locations as an additional input to networks to let the network utilize location dependent features to handle the non-stationarity. Experimental results show that even shallower non-stationary networks provide better performance than deeper stationary networks. The non-stationary networks are trained from pairs of images photographed at different aperture settings, eliminating the necessity of estimation or measurement of pixel-wise variant non-stationary lens blur.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This work presents non-stationary deep networks for restoration of non-stationary blur in images due to optical aberrations. </LI> <LI> Non-stationary networks utilize location dependent features to cope with the non-stationarity of blur that spans the entire image. </LI> <LI> Experimental results show that even shallower non-stationary networks outperform deeper stationary networks. </LI> <LI> Networks are trained from pairs of photographed images, eliminating the necessity of estimation of degradation. </LI> </UL> </P>

Blur Detection through Multinomial Logistic Regression based Adaptive Threshold

Mahmood, Muhammad Tariq,Siddiqui, Shahbaz Ahmed,Choi, Young Kyu The Korean Society Of SemiconductorDisplay Technol 2019 반도체디스플레이기술학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Blur detection and segmentation play vital role in many computer vision applications. Among various methods, local binary pattern based methods provide reasonable blur detection results. However, in conventional local binary pattern based methods, the blur map is computed by using a fixed threshold irrespective of the type and level of blur. It may not be suitable for images with variations in imaging conditions and blur. In this paper we propose an effective method based on local binary pattern with adaptive threshold for blur detection. The adaptive threshold is computed based on the model learned through the multinomial logistic regression. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using different datasets. The comparative analysis not only demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method but also exhibits it superiority over the existing methods.

커뮤니케이션 디자인 요소로서의 블러 이미지 연구

명국녕(Myoung, Kouk Nyoung) 한국디지털디자인협의회 2015 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.15 No.4

시각적 전달 매체를 주로 사용하는 커뮤니케이션 디자인에 있어서 이미지에 대한 응용은 아주 중요하다. 현대예술에 있어 상업예술인 디자인과 순수예술인 파인아트(fine art) 작품은 서로 많은 영향을 주고 있으며 심지어 그 경계를 넘나들기도 한다. 디자인에서든 파인아트작품에서든 이미지에 대한 새로운 영역을 개척하는 것이 필연적 과제가 되었다. 초창기 단순한 현실 재현을 대표 기능으로 했던 사진과 회화는 예술의 발전과 더불어 현실 너머의 현실을 표현해야 하는 시대에 이르렀다. 블러 이미지(blurred image)는 이러한 메타 리얼리티(meta-reality) 구현의 한 요소다. 사진에 있어서 블러이미지 표현을 위한 방법으로는 ‘아웃 포커스(out of focus)’와 ‘모션 블러(motion blur)’가 있다. 아웃 포커스는 렌즈의 조리개 조절로 표현되고, 모션 블러는 피사체이동에 있어서의 셔터스피드 조절에 의한 것이다. 이 두가지 모두 기계적 장치에 의존하고 있기는 해도, 작가의 심리적, 미학적 표현을 위한 필수적 요소가 되고 있다. 한편, 회화에 있어서의 블러 이미지는 ‘여백과 농담’, ‘추상과 구상’ 이라는 두 영역의 요소에 의존한다. 사진발명 이후 사실적 재현의 목적을 뒤로 하고, 색·선·면에 집중한 회화는 사진의 블러 이미지와는 다르게 입체성을 띄기도 하고, 사진의 기계적 표현과 회화의 내면성을 결합하는 독특한 양상을 보이기도 한다. In communication design which uses mainly visual message delivery media, the application of images is crucial. In modern arts, the commercial art design and pure fine art works profusely influence each other and even obliterate their boundaries. Whether in design or fine art works, images should be newly explored. Photos and paintings, which, in the early stage, served as a function to simply reenact the reality, have now arrived at the era when, alongside the development of arts, should express the reality beyond reality. Blurred images are an element of the embodiment of such meta-reality. The method of expressing blurred images in photos includes out of focus and motion blur. The out of focus is expressed by the control of camera lenses, and the motion blur is expressed by the control of shutter speed of the moving object. These two methods all depend on mechanical devices, but are an essential factor for expressing the artist’s psychological and aesthetic aspects. Meanwhile, in paintings, blurred image depend on the two factors of “blank and shading” and “abstract and concrete.” After the invention of cameras, rather than pursuing the realistic reenactment of objects, paintings focused on color, line and surface take a 3D pattern differently from the blurred images of photos, and deliver a particular pattern combining the photo’s mechanical expression and the painting’s inner side aspects.

Blur Detection through Multinomial Logistic Regression based Adaptive Threshold

타릭,Shahbaz Ahmed Siddiqui,최영규 한국반도체디스플레이기술학회 2019 반도체디스플레이기술학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Blur detection and segmentation play vital role in many computer vision applications. Among various methods, local binary pattern based methods provide reasonable blur detection results. However, in conventional local binary pattern based methods, the blur map is computed by using a fixed threshold irrespective of the type and level of blur. It may not be suitable for images with variations in imaging conditions and blur. In this paper we propose an effective method based on local binary pattern with adaptive threshold for blur detection. The adaptive threshold is computed based on the model learned through the multinomial logistic regression. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using different datasets. The comparative analysis not only demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method but also exhibits it superiority over the existing methods.

TDI CMOS 센서를 이용한 인공위성 탑재용 전자광학 카메라의 Motion Blur 최소화 방법 및 Dynamic MTF 성능 분석

허행팔 ( Haeng Pal Heo ),나성웅 ( Sung Woong Ra ) 대한원격탐사학회 2015 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.31 No.2

저궤도 지구관측위성에 탑재되는 전자광학 카메라는 높은 SNR 및 MTF 성능 요구조건을 만족시키기 위하여, TDI 기능이 포함된 CCD 센서를 사용하는 것이 일반적이다. 그러나, CMOS 센서가 가진 다양한 장점을 활용하기 위하여 CMOS 센서에도 TDI 기능이 추가되고 있으며, CMOS 센서의 취약점 중의 하나인 motion blur 문제를 개선하기 위한 다양한 방법들이 제시되고 있다. CMOS 센서에서도 CCD 센서의 multiphased clocking 방법과 유사하게, 하나의 픽셀을 다수의 서브픽셀로 나누어 각각을 별도로 읽어내거나, 픽셀 사이에 인위적인 마스크을 삽입하기도 한다. 또한, 노출시간(integration time)을 라인타임보다 짧게 하여, TDI CMOS 카메라 시스템의 motion blur를 최소화 할 수도 있다. 노출시간을 조절하는 방법을 적용함으로써, 카메라 제어 유닛의 명령을 통하여, 각각의 촬영임무의 목적에 맞도록, SNR 우선 영상 또는 MTF우선 영상을 선택적으로 획득하는 것이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 노출시간을 조절하여 motion blur를 최소화 하는 방법에 대해 분석한 결과를 기술하고, MATLAB 시뮬레이션을 통하여 확인된 영상품질(dynamic MTF)의 개선 정도를 정리하였다. TDI CCD sensors are being used for most of the electro-optical camera mounted on the low earth orbit satellite to meet high performance requirements such as SNR and MTF. However, the CMOS sensors which have a lot of implementation advantages over the CCD, are being upgraded to have the TDI function. A few methods for improving the issue of motion blur which is apparent in the CMOS sensor than the CCD sensor, are being introduced. Each pixel can be divided into a few sub-pixels to be read more than once as is the same case with three or four phased CCDs. The fill factor can be reduced intentionally or even a kind of mask can also be implemented at the edge of pixels to reduce the blur. The motion blur can also be reduced in the TDI CMOS sensor by reducing the integration time from the full line scan time. Because the integration time can be controlled easily by the versatile control electronics, one of two performance parameters, MTF and SNR, can be concentrated dynamically depending on the aim of target imaging. MATLAB simulation has been performed and the results are presented in this paper. The goal of the simulation is to compare dynamic MTFs affected by the different methods for reducing the motion blur in the TDI CMOS sensor.

레이저 빔 스캔 시스템의 Blur현상 개선

노진기(Jin Ki Roh),김혜진(Hye Jin Kim),김갑일(Kab Il Kim) 대한전기학회 2014 전기학회논문지 Vol.63 No.9

Recently, as the wide spread of smart phone, pico projector which is used at the smart phone is appeared as a portable display device. In this paper, among several pico projectors, laser beam scanner module is dealt with in which laser is used as light source, and mems-mirror is used as optical panel. In this device, screen image quality is a special issue, and blur effect is a typical adverse effect to the quality of this device. So the enhancement of this blur effect has an important factor of the quality of the device. The definition of the blur and the main source of the blur are studied and the simulation results and way of improvement are also suggested.