Effects of Trait Anger and Anger Expression on Job Satisfaction and Burnout in Preceptor Nurses and Newly Graduated Nurses: A Dyadic Analysis

라인서,윤은경 한국간호과학회 2019 Asian Nursing Research Vol.13 No.4

Purpose: The preceptorenewly graduated nurse (NGN) relationship is integral to the successful experience of clinical teaching and learning and new nurses' transition. However, interpersonal conflicts between them are common. Little is known whether their anger contributes to their level of job satisfaction and burnout. This study aimed to examine the effects of each nurse's anger on job satisfaction and burnout in preceptoreNGN dyads. Methods: A cross-sectional, correlational survey design was used. This study involved 121 preceptor enewly graduate nurse dyads in two hospitals in South Korea. Nurses completed a questionnaire about demographics, the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-Korean version, a job satisfaction measure, and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. This study adopted the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model to handle dyadic data. Results: Preceptor nurses reported higher frequencies of feeling anger than did new nurses and appear to have higher levels of trait anger, anger-out, and burnout. Both the preceptors' and NGNs' trait anger was positively associated with preceptors' burnout. Suppressing anger was closely related to the nurses’ own job satisfaction and burnout. Preceptors with a higher level of anger-control had higher job satisfaction, and NGNs with a higher level of anger-control had less burnout. Conclusion: The results indicate that preceptors and new nurses appear to experience significant anger, which is closely associated with their job satisfaction and burnout during their preceptorship. Anger management training programs geared toward educating both preceptors and new nurses about appropriate anger expression in the workplace should be developed to retain valuable nurses.

신유가에서 보는 분노와 분노조절 -정주학의 성찰과 궁리를 중심으로-

이기원 영남퇴계학연구원 2019 퇴계학논집 Vol.- No.25

When anger is positively radiated, it can preserve public justice, e.g. changing unreasonable social institutions, etc., however it can make the individual as well as society pathological when it appears pathologically. Anger sometimes appears hatred on others. Hatred on others shows low tolerance on others. Since all angers in daily life cannot be fundamentally removed, therefore, it becomes a matter of how to control anger. This article focuses on the recognition of anger and the regulation of anger, mainly in New Confucianism Considered. In order to control anger, it is necessary to reflect on the heart of anger. In the reflection method, “kyoung(敬)” by “Gyokyong(居敬)” was presented. You will face the angry self through reflection by “kyokyonge”, and you will be able to get a point of view that can honestly recognize the angry self. What is important in the regulation of anger, it is because it requires a thorough understanding of the angry feelings. An important thing along with understanding emotions is getting angry Self-understanding. Through the “Ingenuity(窮理)” of angry self-understanding, it is possible to reflect on what part should be adjusted and how. In the method of ingenuity, there are ingenuity ingenuity. Natural reason is a rational reflection process of anger, such as why anger occurs, whether anger is legitimate, or whether anger can be spread to others. Through ingenuity, a thorough understanding of anger will be possible. Using this method, you can expect a thorough understanding of your emotions and improved self-regulation. 분노가 긍정적으로 발산이 되면 부조리한 사회의 제도를 바꾸는 등 공적 정의를 지킬 수 있지만 병리적으로 나타나면 개인뿐만 아니라 사회까지도 병리적이 될 수 있다. 분노는 타자에 대한 혐오로 나타나기도 한다. 일상에서 발생하는 모든 분노를 원천적으로 없앨 수는 없기 때문에 결국 분노를 어떻게 조절할 것인가가 관건이 된다. 본고는 정주학(程朱學)을 중심으로 분노에 대한 인식과 분노조절에 대해 고찰했다. 불만과 불평, 소외나 원망, 원한 같은 부정적인 감정이 해소되지 못하고 마음에 쌓이게 되면 분노로 발전할 수 있다. 분노를 조절하기 위해서는 분노하는 마음에 대한 성찰이 필요하다. 성찰의 방법으로는 ‘경(敬)’에 의한 ‘거경(居敬)’을 제시했다. ‘경’에 의한 성찰을 통해 분노하는 자기와 대면하게 되고 분노하는 자기를 솔직하게 인정할 수 있는 시점을 얻을 수 있다. 분노 조절에서 중요한 것은 분노하는 감정에 대한 면밀한 이해가 필요하기 때문이다. 감정에 대한 이해와 함께 중요한 것은 분노하는 자기 이해이다. 분노하는 자기 이해에 대한 궁리(窮理)를 통해 어떤 부분을 어떻게 조절해야 하는지를 성찰할 수 있다. 궁리의 방법으로는 소이연(所以然)과 소당연(所當然)적 궁리가 있다. 소이연과 소당연적 궁리는 분노가 왜 일어나는지, 분노가 정당한지, 분노를 다른 것으로 발산할 수는 없는지 등 분노에 대한 이성적 성찰과정이다. 궁리를 통해 분노에 대한 면밀한 이해가 가능해질 것이다. 이러한 방법을 통해 자기감정에 대한 면밀한 이해와 자기 조절력의 향상을 기대할 수 있다.

대학생의 내현적 자기애가 역기능적 분노표현에 미치는 영향:정신화와 고통감내력의 순차적 이중매개효과

김지원,김정민 한국정서행동장애학회 2023 정서ㆍ행동장애연구 Vol.39 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the dual mediating effects of Mentalization and Distress Tolerance on the relationship between Covert Narcissism and Dysfunctional Anger Expression (in the form of Anger-In and Anger-Out) among college students. To this end, self-reporting questionnaires were administered to college students, and a total of 424 responses were collected. SPSS Statistics 21.0 was used for descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, pearson correlation. In addition, dual mediating effect analysis was performed using Hayes (2013) SPSS Macro. Bootstrapping was used to verify the significance of dual mediating effect. The results of this study were as follows. First, there was significant difference in Anger-In and Anger-Out by gender and academic performance, but difference based on age was only observed in Anger-Out. Second, significant correlations were found between Covert Narcissism, Mentalization, Distress Tolerance, Anger-In and Anger Out. Third, Mentalization and Distress Tolerance were found to have dual mediating effects on the relationship between Covert Narcissism and Anger-In. Also, Mentalization and Distress Tolerance were found to have dual mediating effects on the relationship between Covert Narcissism and Anger-Out. Based on the results of this study, the mechanism and specific pathway of dysfunctional anger expression and the implications of therapeutic intervention for anger control were discussed. 본 연구의 목적은 대학생의 내현적 자기애가 역기능적 분노표현인 분노억제 및 분노표출에 미치는 영향에 대한 정신화와 고통감내력의 순차적 이중매개효과를 확인하는 것이다. 이를 위해 대학생을 대상으로 온라인 자기보고식 설문을 실시하였으며, 총 424부를 회수하였다. 자료분석을 위하여 SPSS Statistics 21.0을 사용하여 기술통계, t-검정, 일원분산분석, Pearson의 상관분석을 실시하였다. 이중매개효과를 확인하기 위해 Hayes(2013)이 제안한 SPSS Macro 4.1을 통해 통계분석을 실시하였으며 부트스트래핑(Bootstrapping)을 활용하여 간접 효과의 유의성을 검증하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성별과 성적에 따라 분노억제와 분노표출이 각각 유의한 차이를 보인 반면, 연령에 따른 차이는 분노표출에서만 나타났다. 둘째, 내현적 자기애, 정신화, 고통감내력, 분노억제 및 분노표출 간에 유의한 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 내현적 자기애가 분노억제 및 분노표출에 미치는 영향에서 정신화와 고통감내력은 순차적 이중매개효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 역기능적 분노표현의 기제 및 구체적 경로와 분노조절을 위한 치료 개입의 시사점에 관해 논의하였다.

Comparative Analysis of Emotional Symptoms in Elderly Koreans with Hwa-Byung and Depression

ChaeSung Im,Sengmi Baeg,JinHoon Choi,Miji Lee,HyunJin Kim,IkSeung Chee,SoHyun Ahn,JeongLan Kim 대한신경정신의학회 2017 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.14 No.6

Objective-This study compared the symptomatic emotional traits of elderly South Korean patients with hwa-byung and those with depression. Methods-We enrolled 58 patients with hwa-byung, 180 patients with depression, and 181 healthy control subjects. All participants completed the Hwa-byung Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), State Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), Reaction Inventory (RI), and Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). Chi-square tests and a one-way analysis of variance with Games-Howell post-hoc tests were used to compare demographic variables and scores. Results-A binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine risk factors for hwa-byung. Scores in the hwa-byung group were higher than those in the depression group for the HDRS; BDI; GDS; trait anger STAXI subscale (trait anger temperament and trait anger reaction); state anger and anger expression STAXI subscales (anger-in, anger-out, and anger control); physical and verbal aggression as well as anger and hostility AQ subscales; and disturbance, embarrassing circumstances, personal disrespect, and unpleasant encounters RI subscales. A binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the state anger STAXI subscale, verbal aggression and anger AQ subscales, and unpleasant encounters RI subscale were significantly associated with hwa-byung. Conclusion-Elderly patients with hwa-byung had more severe anger traits and states as well as higher depression severity compared to those diagnosed with clinical depression. Excessive anger and anger reactivity to unpleasant factors may be risk factors for hwa-byung, whereas the appropriate expression (rather than suppression) of anger may decrease the risk of hwa-byung.

대학생 편집집단과 우울집단의 분노경험 및 분노사고

정현미,황순택,이숙희 한국임상심리학회 2008 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.27 No.1

This study investigated anger thought, trait anger, anger life events of paranoia and depression. The Paranoia Scale, the Zung Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anger Scale, the Primary Anger-Thought Scale, the Secondary Anger-Thought Scale, and the Anger Life Event Scale were administered to college students(N=568). The result of correlation analysis showed that paranoia and depression were significantly correlated with disregard and disappointment in intimate relationship situations, helplessness, and anger life event. However, while paranoia had a relatively high correlation with derogation of others/revenge, depression had a high correlation with helplessness. A comparison of the anger experience in paranoia with that in depression revealed that the explanatory power of anger variables in paranoia was greater than in depression, and helplessness, trait anger, and anger life event were common predict variables. Sensitivity to the wrongful and selfish behaviour of others was determined to be an additional predictive variable of paranoia, and little anger control/constructive coping was determined to be an is additional predictive variable of depression. Independent sample t-test was used to examine the differences in anger experience between the paranoid and the depressed groups. The paranoid group showed greater sensitivity to the wrongful and selfish behaviour of others, derogation of others/revenge, trait-anger, and frequency of anger life events in comparison to the depressed group. Suggestions and limitations of this study, and direction for future studies were discussed.

다문화가정 아동의 분노, 분노표현유형에 따른 정신건강 및 정신신체증상

문소현 ( So Hyun Moon ),안효자 ( Hyo Ja An ) 한국간호과학회 정신간호학회(구 대한간호학회정신간호학회) 2011 정신간호학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of anger, and its expression type to mental health and psychosomatic symptoms in children of multi-cultural families. Methods: The data were collected from 125 students in grades 4~6, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Tukey`s multiple comparison test were used with the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: Three anger-expression types were found; low anger expression, anger-out, anger-control/in type. There were significant difference in mental health and psychosomatic symptoms between the upper 25% and lower 25%groups of state-trait anger. Also, levels of state-trait anger and types of anger expression were associated with mental health and psychosomatic symptoms. Conclusion: Anger management programs for children in multi-cultural families are necessary to help them lower anger levels and control types of unfavorable anger expression such as the anger-out-in type.

분노반추가 분노에 미치는 영향: 작업기억용량의 조절효과를 중심으로

민희진,박경 한국임상심리학회 2015 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.34 No.2

Assuming anger rumination as a cognitive variable influencing anger experience (trait anger) and expression, this study attempts to explore the role of working memory capacity as a variable controlling the relationship between anger rumination and anger. For this study, a questionnaire survey and a working memory capacity experiment was conducted on 120 university students. Reading the research methods, the study was explained to the participants, who in turn were encouraged to compose questionnaires. When the experiment completion signs appeared after completion of the experimental tasks, the examiner was allowed to fill in the test form with the number of words and endings that the participants had memorized. The results of this study were as follows. First, three sub-factors of anger rumination all showed positive correlation with trait anger, and with anger-in/anger-out, two of three sub-factors of anger expression excluding anger-control. Second, the sub-factors of anger rumination and working memory capacity had significant influence on trait anger and anger expression. Third, as a result of hierarchical multiple regression analysis for examination of control effects, working memory capacity showed interactive effects in its relations with anger rumination and trait anger, meanings that working memory capacity had influence on increase or decrease of anger experience in the relations.

분노조절 집단 프로그램이 신체화 경향이 있는 대학생의 분노억압과 신체화 증상에 미치는 효과

고선자,손정락 한국건강심리학회 2008 한국심리학회지 건강 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of this study is to test the effects of group program for anger management on anger-in and somatization symptoms of the somatization­prone undergraduate students. The data were collected from 500 undergraduate students, using State­Trait Anger Expression Inventory and Physical Symptom Scale. The participants were selected in the program who are an intention to be take part in the group program for anger management out of more than the top 25% of the anger­in score and the physical symptom score in the undergraduate students. The sample of this study is consisted of 18 participants whose 9 in group program for anger management and 9 in the waiting list control group. There were 6 treatment sessions in treatment. A session was more than 150 minutes each. The results of analysis data, Anger­in and somatization symptoms were significantly reduced after the participation in the group program for anger management. On the other hand, Anger­in and somatization symptoms weren't significantly reduced in the waiting list control group. These results suggest the effects of group program for anger management can be reduced somatization symptoms as well as anger­in. That is this program can be effective to reduce somatization­prone in anger­in. Finally, it was discussed the significances and limitations of this study. 본 연구의 목적은 분노조절 집단 프로그램이 신체화 경향이 있는 대학생의 분노억압과 신체화 증상에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 대학생 500명을 대상으로 상태­특성 분노표현 척도와 신체증상 척도를 실시하였다. 분노억압 점수와 신체증상 점수의 상위 25%에 속한 학생들 중 분노조절 집단 프로그램에 참여 의향이 있는 18명을 선발하여 치료집단에 9명, 통제집단에 9명씩 배정하였다. 분노조절 집단 프로그램은 한 회기 당 150분씩 총 6회기가 실시되었다. 자료 분석 결과 분노조절 집단 프로그램에 참여한 집단의 분노억압 점수와 신체증상 점수는 유의한 감소를 보인 반면에, 대기통제집단에서는 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 분노조절 집단 프로그램이 분노억압 수준의 감소뿐만 아니라, 신체증상까지 감소시켰다고 볼 수 있다. 이는 본 프로그램이 분노억압으로 인한 신체화 경향을 감소시키는데 효과적일 수 있음을 지지해 주는 것이다. 끝으로, 본 연구의 의의와 제한점이 논의 되었다.

군집분석을 이용한 청소년기 여성의 분노, 분노표현 유형, 문제행동 및 자살 위험성

문소현 ( So Hyun Moon ),조헌하 ( Hun Ha Cho ) 여성건강간호학회 2015 여성건강간호학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Purpose: This cross-sectional study was designed to identify anger-expression types of adolescent women and investigate the relationship between the identified anger-expression types and their problem behaviors and suicide probability. Methods: The participants were 942 students at two female high school located in Gwangju. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and Scheffemultiple comparison test. Results: Cluster analysis revealed 4 distinct anger expression types; Anger-out, Low anger expression, Anger-control, and Anger-in/out types. Female adolescent women had a higher level of trait anger or who frequently used the anger-in/out type reported internalized-externalized problem behaviors and suicide probability more frequently compared to those who frequently used the other three types of anger expression. Conclusion: Female adolescent women who had the low anger expression type and anger control type managed anger most effectively. The findings suggest the necessity of a development of the program for lowering the trait anger level and controlling the unfavorable anger expression types such as the anger-in/out.

일부 남자 고용집단에서 분노 대응형태와 고혈압

이충원,박종원,이세엽,Lee, Choong-Won,Park, Jong-Won,Lee, Se-Youp 대한예방의학회 1995 예방의학회지 Vol.28 No.2

이 연구는 $40\sim60$세의 고용된 남자 인력을 대상으로 분노대응형태와 고혈압과의 관계를 관찰하고자 하였다. 대상자는 계명대학교 동산병원 건강관리과에서 1988년에 건강검진을 받으면서 연구참여에 동의한 남자이다. 고혈압력이 있거나 고혈압 약을 복용하고 있는 자를 제외한 513명이 분석에 이용되었다. 분노 대응 형태는 Harburg의 모델을 이용하였으며 가상상황은 배우자와 직장상사로 설정하였다. 고혈압의 정의는 수축기 혈압 140mmHg 이상이면서/또는 확장기 혈압 90mmHg 이상인 자로 하였다. 대상자 중 고혈압자는 152명으로 29.6%이었으며 배우자 및 직장상사 상황에서 분노 억제형은 각각 61.6%, 62.8%이었다. 분노 대응항목과 고혈압과의 관계를 단일변수 지수회귀분석으로 보면 배우자 상황에서는 분노, 죄책감, 항의, 억제된 분노 지수 항목에서 $0.78\sim0.94$의 비차비를 보였으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 반면에 직장상사 상황에서는 4개의 항목 모두에서 1 이상의 비차비를 보였으며 특히, 분노 항목에서 억제형이 표현형에 비해 고혈압의 유병률이 1.58배(95% 신뢰구간 $1.06\sim2.35$) 더 높았으며, 억제된 분노 지수 항목에서는 1.55배(95% 신뢰구간 $1.03\sim2.32$) 더 높았으며 통계적인 유의성을 나타내었다. 억제된 분노 총지수는 비차비가 1.31(95% 신뢰구간 $0.83\sim2.08$)로 통계적인 유의성이 없었다. 연령, 비체중, 흡연 및 음주를 다변수 지수회귀분석으로 조정을 하였을 때, 배우자 및 직장상사 상황 모두에서 죄책감을 제외하고는 비차비가 약간씩 증가하였을 뿐 별 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 Harburg의 분노 대응형태 모델과 고혈압과의 관련성이 우리나라에서도 부분적으로 재현이 됨을 시사해주는 것이다. This study examined the relation between anger-coping types and hypertension in employed men aged $40\sim60$ who consented to participate during the biannual physical checkup in the department of health management in 1988. The subjects analyzed were five hundred thirteen excluding those having hypertension history and/or current antihypertensive medications. Anger-coping types were constructed from the Harburg's model with two hypothetical anger-provoking situations involving wife and boss. Hypertensives were defined more than 140mmHg systolic blood pressure and/or 90mmHg diastolic blood pressure. Hypertensives were one hundred fifty two(29.6%) and those who suppressed their anger were 61.6% and 62.8% in wife and boss situations respectively. Items of anger, guilt, protest, and suppressed anger in wife situation showed odds ratios of 0.78-0.94 without statistical significance. But four items in boss situation showed odds ratios more than 1, especially anger-in types of anger item had 1.58 times the prevalence of hypertension of anger-out types(95% confidence intervals(CI) $1.06\sim2.35$) and subjects who indicated that suppressed their anger had 1.55 times the prevalence of hypertension of those who expressed their anger(95% CI $1.03\sim2.32$). For anger suppressed vs. expressed types of total suppressed anger index, prevalence of hypertension was 1.31 (95% CI $0.83\sim2.08$). After adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking and drinking, the odds ratios were slightly increased in both situations except guilt items compared with univariate analysis. These results suggest that the relation between Harburg's anger-coping model and hypertension is replicated partially in this subjects.