Modeling theory and rapid parameterized implementation of a circular arc wire rope with a special-shaped cross section

Wu Zhang,Changlei Lv,Weixiong Liu,Xinqian Zhang,Feiyan Han 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.4

This study describes a method for establishing the model of a circular arc wire rope with special-shaped cross sections, such as oval or triangular, derives the mathematical model for these wire ropes and establishes a three-dimensional (3D) model of one-twelfth circle for them. The wire rope modeling system has been enhanced. The traditional method for drawing the 3D model of the wire rope is to input the wire central line equation into the drawing software (for example, Pro/E) and then sweep, which is tedious and time-consuming. To address this issue, this study develops a software that enables the rapid establishment of a 3D model of steel wire rope by inputting key steel wire rope parameters. Moreover, this software streamlines the wire rope modeling process, increases the wire rope’s design efficiency, and introduces a new method for wire rope modeling.

와이어로프로 나선보강 된 철근콘크리트 기둥의 휨 거동

김광두(Kim Kwang-Doo),심재일(Sim Jae-Il),양근혁(Yang Keun-Hyeok),정헌수(Chung Heon-Soo) 대한건축학회 2008 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.24 No.12

This study presents the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete columns with a wire rope as a spiral reinforcement. Five columns were tested to failure under constant axial load and cyclic lateral loads to explore the significance and limitations of the application of wire ropes as lateral reinforcement. The main variables investigated were the configuration of wire ropes and axial load level. The test results are compared with those of tied columns, which have the same section size as specimen in the present study, carried out by Ozcebe and Saatcioglu. In addition, the theoretical monotonic lateral load-displacement curve for the columns is simply derived using the combination of section laminae method and the idealized curvature-displacement relationship. The model proposed by Razvi and Saatcioglu, based on test results of tied columns, is employed for the stress-stain relation of concrete confined by wire rope. Test results showed that columns with perimeter and inner spiral wire ropes developed much higher ductility than columns with only perimeter spiral wire rope at the same volume ratio of wire ropes. In particular, a higher ductility was observed in the columns with wire ropes than in the columns with conventional hoops, indicating that wire rope has highly effective performance and great potential as a lateral reinforcement to improve ductility of columns. The monotonic lateral load-displacement relationship of the column specimens predicted from the proposed numerical analysis is in good agreement with back-bone curve obtained from measured cyclic lateral load-displacement curve.

Multibody dynamic analysis of a heavy load suspended by a floating crane with constraint-based wire rope

Ham, Seung-Ho,Roh, Myung-Il,Lee, Hyewon,Ha, Sol Elsevier 2015 Ocean engineering Vol.109 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, we derived a Discrete Euler–Lagrange (DEL) equation to represent the motion of a multibody system, in which many bodies are connected physically by joints or wire ropes. By discretizing and re-formulating the traditional Euler–Lagrange equation, we obtained a discrete time integrator, called the Stömer–Verlet method. Similarly, we discretized the equations of constraints of joints and wire ropes by the midpoint rule. Then, we adapted regularization and stabilization methods, to overcome numerical instability and the stiffness problem.</P> <P>The DEL equation can be formulated automatically, by defining the equations of joint constraints and their derivatives. In addition, the stretching of the wire rope is mathematically modeled as constraints for stability. To apply the DEL equation to a floating vessel, hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces are considered as external forces.</P> <P>We applied the DEL equation to a mass–spring system with the large spring coefficient. And we tested a spring pendulum modeled by a constraint-based wire rope. Despite the large spring coefficient, the DEL equation with the constraint-based wire rope shows relatively stable motion. We tested the automatic formulation by three-dimensional multiple pendulums. Finally, we simulated a floating crane and a heavy load connected by constraint-based wire rope, based on set of regular waves with different wave heights, directions and periods.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The regularized Discrete Euler-Lagrange (DEL) equation with constraints is derived. </LI> <LI> The stretching of a wire rope is mathematically modeled as constraints. </LI> <LI> We apply the DEL equation to several test cases to compare the stability and performance. </LI> <LI> We simulate a floating crane operating a heavy load connected by a constraint-based wire rope based on set of regular waves. </LI> </UL> </P>

Defect Detection of Steel Wire Rope in Coal Mine Based on Improved YOLOv5 Deep Learning

Xiaolei Wang,Zhe Kan 한국정보처리학회 2023 Journal of information processing systems Vol.19 No.6

The wire rope is an indispensable production machinery in coal mines. It is the main force-bearing equipmentof the underground traction system. Accurate detection of wire rope defects and positions exerts an exceedinglycrucial role in safe production. The existing defect detection solutions exhibit some deficiencies pertaining tothe flexibility, accuracy and real-time performance of wire rope defect detection. To solve the aforementionedproblems, this study utilizes the camera to sample the wire rope before the well entry, and proposes an objectbased on YOLOv5. The surface small-defect detection model realizes the accurate detection of small defectsoutside the wire rope. The transfer learning method is also introduced to enhance the model accuracy of smallsample training. Herein, the enhanced YOLOv5 algorithm effectively enhances the accuracy of target detectionand solves the defect detection problem of wire rope utilized in mine, and somewhat avoids accidentsoccasioned by wire rope damage. After a large number of experiments, it is revealed that in the task of wirerope defect detection, the average correctness rate and the average accuracy rate of the model are significantlyenhanced with those before the modification, and that the detection speed can be maintained at a real-time level.

다물체계 동역학을 기반으로 한 와이어로프와 조선용 블록 외판 사이의 간섭 시뮬레이션

조아라(A Ra Jo),구남국(Nam Kug Ku),차주환(Ju Hwan Cha),박광필(Kwang Phil Park),이규열(Kyu Yeul Lee) (사)한국CDE학회 2012 한국CDE학회 논문집 Vol.17 No.5

In this paper, a method for calculating the contact force and the frictional force caused by contacts between the wire rope and the rigid body is introduced based on multibody dynamics. And the method is applied to a simulation of contacts between the wire rope and the shell plate of a block that can occur during shipbuilding. The wire rope is composed of a number of lumped masses and the wire rope segments that connect the masses. After calculating the position of interference, we inserted a contact node into the wire rope. We then derived the equations of motion of the wire rope and the rigid body using augmented formulation based on multibody dynamics taking into account the constraints between the contact node and the rigid body. Using the equations, we were able to obtain the constraint force between the contact node and the rigid body, and calculate the contact force and the frictional force, based on which the position of the contact node was corrected. Finally, we applied our results to perform simulation of contacts between the wire rope and the shell plate of a block in order to verify the efficacy of the method proposed in this paper.

Simulation of load lifting with equalizers used in shipyards

Ham, S.H.,Roh, M.I.,Lee, H. Elsevier ; Elsevier Science Pub. Co 2016 AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION - Vol.61 No.-

One of the most commonly used pieces of equipment for lifting a load is the equalizer of a crane in shipbuilding production. The equalizer distributes the tension in wire ropes between the load and equipment equally. While the equalizer is composed simply of several fixed and moving pulleys, the mechanism of an equalizer is not easy to adapt to physics-based simulations because only one wire rope is coiled around all of the pulleys. Thus, instead of the real mechanism of the equalizer, an alternative mechanism, such as stretching or shortening the initial lengths of the wire ropes, logically, has been used in previous simulations. In this study, a mass-less constraint-based wire rope is adopted to realize the real mechanism of the equalizer. The constant length constraint is used to realize one wire rope among the fixed and moving equalizer pulleys. We derive a discrete Euler-Lagrange (DEL) equation to represent the motion of a multibody system including the constraint wire ropes. The DEL equation is shown to be numerically stable for the case of linear holonomic constraints, such as the constant length constraint. We test several series of fixed and moving pulleys and model the equalizer based on the real mechanism. Finally, the equalizer based on the real mechanism is applied to two typical lifting cases in shipbuilding production. One is lifting a load using a Goliath crane with three equalizers and the other is to use a floating crane with one equalizer and two crawler cranes. As a result, the tensions in the wire ropes connected to the load are adjusted equally as the position of the moving pulleys and the orientation of the equalizer change.

Wire Rope의 등가모델을 위해 이방성 탄성계수 적용에 대한 연구

탁승민(Seung-Min Tak),강민규(Min-kyu Kang),박동진(Dong-Jin Park),이계광,이석순(Seok-Soon Lee) 대한기계학회 2010 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2010 No.11

Wire rope made of twisted wire is a mechanical elements. And Composed of single or multi-layer strands. It has high Axle strength to weight but small resistance for bending. Wire ropes are widely used in offshore, suspension bridge and elevator, etc. It is difficult to find out the characteristics of a strand or wire rope because of complicated geometry and contact condition. therefore, analytical method than the simple way is needed. In this study, Equivalent model has the same radius of the wire rope. and it has a modulus of orthogonal anisotropy. Tensile & 3 point bending analysis done to compare the results. Strong point that is widely used with wire rope in offshore. and applies equivalent model to strong point and verify the verified.

승객용 엘리베이터 와이어로프의 유효수명 및 교체시기 평가

손두익,박재석,오환섭 한국안전학회 2003 한국안전학회지 Vol.18 No.4

The wire rope, one of the component of the elevator, is extremely important for the safe operation of the elevator. That is why the wire rope is replaced at a specific interval regardless of the operating conditions or the degree of damage to prevent the breakage of the wire rope. This is the waste of resources, causing economic and environmental loss. This paper has surveyed and analyzed the status of replacing wire-rope by buildings that use elevators, in order tc compare the replacement cycles of the wire rope under each operating conditions.

가속 열화 모형을 이용한 엘리베이터 와이어 수명 예측

김상부 ( Sang Boo Kim ),김승호 ( Seung Ho Kim ) 한국품질경영학회 2015 품질경영학회지 Vol.43 No.3

Purpose: This study is to estimate the life of elevator wire rope by using the accelerated degradation test with two accelerating variables of applied load and corrosion. Methods: Linear regression method is used to find the pseudo life of elevator wire rope at each combination of accelerating variables and the median life of elevator wire rope at use condition is estimated under the assumption that the life of elevator wire rope follows lognormal distribution. Results: The particular case study demonstrated that the results of the elevator wire life estimation by using the proposed method can provide the better solutions than existing methods. Conclusion: It can be economical to use accelerated degradation model for estimating the life of elevator wire rope.

Hall 소자를 이용한 승강기용 로프의 평가

이종오,윤운하,손영호,김정우,이종규 한국비파괴검사학회 2003 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.1

홀 소자를 이용한 누설자속 측정으로 승강기용 와이어 로프의 결함 검출에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 소선파단, 마모, 내부 소선파단 형태의 인공결함을 제작하여 시험편에 영구자석으로 자장을 걸어 결함에서 누설되는 누설자속을 홀 센서를 사용하여 검출하였다. 로프의 소선은 0.5, 0.8mm 두 종류로 시험결과 단선모델 시험에서 0.4mm, 내부의 소선 파단의 경우 1mm 정도 깊이를 가진 인공결함까지 검출이 가능하여 1개의 소선 파단도 검출할 수 있는 것으로 보인다. 마모모델에서 결함의 폭이 작은 경우 검출이 불가능하였으나, 폭이 4mm이상인 경우 자극이 결함을 통과할 때 자속의 변화에 의해 깊이가 0.2mm 정도의 작은 결함도 구별이 가능하였다. 따라서 Hall 센서에 의한 누설자속 측정이 wire rope의 결함 검출에 좋은 도구가 된다고 본다. Defect detection of wire rope for an elevator was investigated through the measurement of magnetic flux leakage. The types of defect usually found in wire rope categorized such as inner and outer wire breakage and wear. The specimens that has artificial defects were magnetized via permanent magnet, and measurement of magnetic flux leakage on the defects was performed with Hall sensor. In wire broken model, a defect smaller than 0.4mm and 1mm in depth on outer and inner wire rope, respectively, could be detected well. In wear model, smaller defect could not be detected clearly, however, appearance of changing of total magnetic flux during magnetic pole of the sensor passing through a defect 0.2mm in depth at 4mm or above width could make possible to detect it. From the results, the measurement via Hall sensor might be useful tool for defect detection of wire rope.