양액재배용 목재고형배지의 이화학적 특성과 작물생육 특성

권구중 ( Gu Joong Kwon ),양지욱 ( Ji Wook Yang ),박효섭 ( Hyo Sub Park ),조준형 ( Joon Hyeong Cho ),김대영 ( Dae Young Kim ) 한국목재공학회 2015 목재공학 Vol.43 No.3

본 연구는 폐목재칩, 라디에타파인칩 그리고 폐목재칩을 매트타입으로 제조한 것을 이용한 양액재배용 고형배지에 대한 특성과 엽채류를 이용한 작물생육발달특성을 검토하였다. 가비중은 폐목재칩이 0.20 g/cm2, 라디에타 파인칩이0.16 g/cm2였고, 수분보유율은 폐목재칩과 라디에타파인칩으로 제조한 목재고형배지가 대조구인 암면과 코코피트 배지보다 낮았고, 매트타입의 배지가 가장 낮았다. 폐목재 고형배지는 pH 6.59, 전기전도도 6.76 dS/m, 총질소함량0.50%, 탄질율 113%, 인산(P)함량 10.1 ppm, 카리(K) 77 ppm, 칼슘(Ca)성분 531 ppm, 마그네슘(Mg) 49 ppm, 나트륨(Na) 96 ppm으로 구성되었다. 라디에타파인 고형배지는 pH 5.29, 전기전도도 4.49 dS/m, 총질소함량 0.32%, 탄질율180%, 인산(P)함량 6.4 ppm, 카리(K) 83 ppm, 칼슘(Ca)성분 97 ppm, 마그네슘(Mg) 29 ppm, 나트륨(Na) 59 ppm으로 구성되었다. 매트형태의 배지를 제외한 목재고형배지의 작물생육발달특성은 암면배지와 코코피트 배지와 유사한 경향을 보여주었다. 이상의 결과에서 폐목재자원을 이용한 유기고형배지는 기존의 배지인 암면배지와 코코피트 배지를 대체할 수 있는 고형배지로서의 가능성을 시사하였다. This study examined the plant growth and development characteristics of leafy vegetables on the hydroponic substrates of waste wood chips, radiate pine chips, and mat type of waste wood chips. The bulk density of waste wood chips and radiata pine chips were 0.2 g/cm3 and 0.16 g/cm3, respectively. The moisture retention properties of both the radiata pine chips and waste wood chips were found to be similar but not better than those of the control rock wool and coco peat hydroponic substrates. The moisture retention property of the mat type was found to be the lowest. The chemical analysis of waste wood hydroponic substrates (w/v) was as follows.; The pH was 6.59, electric conductivity was 6.76 dS/m, total nitrogen content was 0.5%, C/N ratio was 113%, phosphorus was 10.1 ppm, potassium was 77 ppm, calcium was 531 ppm, magnesium was 49 ppm, and sodium was 96 ppm. The results from the radiata pine chemical analysis showed that it had a pH of 5.29, electric conductivity of 4.49 dS/m, total nitrogen content of 0.32%, C/N ratio of 180%, phosphorus of 6.4 ppm, potassium of 83 ppm, calcium of 97 ppm, magnesium of 29 ppm, and sodium of 59 ppm. Except for the plants grown in mat type, the developmental characteristics of the plants grown in rock wool and coco peat hydroponic substrates were similar. Based on the results of the experiment, waste wood resources may possibly be used as an organic solid medium in place of the existing rock wool and coco peat medium.

도시 내 발생 임목폐기물을 첨가한 음식물류 폐기물의 퇴비화 특성 분석에 관한 연구

김남찬 ( Nam Chan Kim ),김용태 ( Yong Tae Kim ),이희진 ( Hui Jin Lee ),김민아 ( Min A Kim ),문유찬 ( Yu Chan Moon ),백승목 ( Seung Mok Paik ) 한국환경분석학회 2014 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.17 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate how to reduce the quantity of food waste and CO2 in the effluent in an eco-friendly way. Experiments were carried out to mix coarse-shredding wood chip, primary-fine-shredding wood chip, secondary-fine-shredding wood chip and composting wood chip with food waste by the proportion of 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, and 5:5, respectively. When the food waste was mixed with coarse-shredding wood chip by the proportion of 7:3 and 6:4, the percentage of water content was 55.0% and 53.2%, respectively. When the food waste was mixed with primary-shredding wood chip by the proportion of 6:4, the percentage of water content was 57.5%. The proportions of combustible components excluding composting wood chip ranged from 34.97% to 52.88% when biomass was added to the food waste. The C/N ratio of the mixture of food waste and biomass ranged from 15.32 to 21.66, which was lower than the standard 25 to 35. This indicates that it is necessary to add a material with a high C/N ratio. The salinity in food waste-biomass mixture ranged from 0.65% to 0.9%.

음식물 제로화 스마트 리사이클링 시스템을 적용한 자원순환 주거단지 구축·운영 사례

오정익(Oh, Jeong Ik),박이레(Park Ire) 대한설비공학회 2018 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.6

Food waste has been often considered to be one of the most important factors ensuring quality of Korean residential environment. Recently, food waste has gained much attention since it’s seen as a biomass fuel reducing carbon emissions against. This study aims to suggest an innovative approach to producing a biomass fuel making use of food waste. This research introduces a zero food waste system (ZFWS) which utilizes a fermentation-extinction compost technique making use of bio wood-chips and at the same time this system is experimentally examined in the kitchen disposer in the households. For the applicability, ZFWS was installed in a large apartment complex and the performance of food waste treatment and management was examined. The on-site ZFWS was divided into three main parts; 1) a fermentation-extinction compost reactor where food waste was mixed with bio wood chips made up of complex enzyme and aseptic wood chips: 2) separation equipment of water from food waste in which an screw centrifugation technique was employed; and 3) a food waste slot into which kitchen disposer under the sink is installed. The field experiment had put 50kg food waste per day into ZFWS, and the food waste was reduced to 90% in weight. Furthermore, the by-products generated from fermentation-extinction compost reaction could meet the organic fertilizer criteria in Korea.

폐목재 칩 결합용 친환경 폴리우레탄 수지의 개발 및 활용 연구

최재진,이관호,조남욱,문승권 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2013 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.30 No.8

In order to utilize waste wood chip for pavement, a polyurethane resin that is both eco-friendly and suitable for bindingwood chip was developed as the binder, and workability was examined through laboratory experiment for characteristicsof waste wood chip mixture using the polyurethane resin and through test pavement on the field. The new resin was aVOC reduction type free from plasticizer and solvent classified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals and environmentalhazardous substances, and NCO equivalents were set at 8, 9, 10 and 11% by modifying the polyisocyanate-polyol ratio.Laboratory experiment showed that polyurethane resin with NCO equivalent of 9% and 10% had excellent characteristicsas binder for waste wood chip. In the field experiment applying waste wood chip and polyurethane resin in the massratio of 1:0.8, tensile strength of the pavement system was about 30% higher than that using polyurethane resin currentlybeing sold, and permeability coefficient and elasticity thereof were the same as that using the resin currently being sold.Also, examination of compaction methods for waste wood chip pavement system showed that non-heating hand rollerand compactor had the problem of the “waste wood chip - resin mixture” sticking to the roller during the compaction but that heating hand roller had excellent workability and could achieve good planation surface relatively easily.

Characterization of Enriched CO₂ Gas from Oxy-fuel Combustion of Waste Sludge and Wood-chip during Flue-gas Recirculation in Circulating Fluidized Bed

( Jin-ho Sung ),( Ha-na Jang ),( Seung-ki Back ),( Bup-mook Jeong ),( Yong-chil Seo ),( Jeong-hun Kim ),( Yun-tak Cho ),( Jong-il Kim ),( Hyun-je Sung ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 3RINCs초록집 Vol.2015 No.-

Fossil fuel combustion generates large amount of green house gas, which was mainly considered as a major contributing emission source of global warming. In order to reduce green house gas, renewable energy has been emerged as an alternative energy. Waste and biomass are considered major resource as one of renewable energy, but it has been not utilized sufficiently. In this paper, waste sludge and wood chip fuel were utilized as main fuels in order to develop technology of waste to energy using oxy-fuel combustion in circulating fluidized bed. In oxy-fuel combustion, oxygen injection rate and superficial velocity were determined as 23% and 2.27m/s for fast fluidization, respectively. Fuel feeding rate was calculated as 13kg/hr. For producing high purity carbon dioxide, flue gas recirculation system was operated with oxy-fuel combustion. During flue-gas recirculation, temperature gradient was more homogeneous, and the stable combustion was maintained. Finally, the carbon dioxide in flue-gas was enriched above 90% to apply carbon capture and storage technology.

음식물쓰레기의 세척이 호기성 퇴비화에 미치는 영향

박석환 한국환경보건학회 2004 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.30 No.1

This study was performed to estimate the effects of washing of food wastes on temperature, pH, weight and volume reduction and salinity in aerobic composting of food wastes. Weight ratios of food wastes to water in washing were 1:0(Control), 1:1 (W-1), 1:2(W-2), 1:3(W-3) and :4(W-4), respectively. Ratios of food wastes to wood chips in reactor of Control, W-1, W-2, W-3 and W-4 were 5 kg:5 1, respectively. Reactors were operated for 24 days with 1 hour stirring by 1 rpm and 2 hours aeration per day. The increase in the ratio of food wastes to water used in washing resulted in the decrease of the highest reaction temperature and the elongation of the high temperature reaction period. The lowering of the ratio of food wastes to water used in washing resulted in faster pH increase and the steady state in the weight reduction rate and the volume reduction rate of composts. The final salinities of Control, W-1, W-2, W-3 and W-4 were 0.95%, 0.73%, 0.65%, 0.57% and 0.41%, respectively.

Exploring a zero food waste system for sustainable residential buildings in urban areas

Jeongik Oh,Hyunjeong Lee 대한환경공학회 2018 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.23 No.1

This study explores the environmentally innovative and low-impact technology, a zero food waste system (ZFWS) that utilizes food waste and converts it into composts or biofuels and curtails carbon emissions. The ZFWS not just achieves food waste reductions but recycles food waste into fertilizer. Based on a fermentation-extinction technique using bio wood chips, the ZFWS was employed in a field experiment of the system installed in a large-scale apartment complex, and the performance of the system was examined. The on-site ZFWS consisted of three primary parts: 1) a food waste slot into which food waste was injected; 2) a fermentation-extinction reactor where food waste was mixed with bio wood chips made up of complex enzyme and aseptic wood chips; and 3) deodorization equipment in which an ultraviolet and ozone photolysis method was employed. The field experiment showed that food waste injected into the ZFWS was reduced by 94%. Overall microbial activity of the food waste in the fermentation-extinction reactor was measured using adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), and the degradation rate of organic compounds, referred to as volatile solids, increased with ATP concentration. The by-products generated from ZFWS comply with the national standard for organic fertilizer.

임목폐기물의 현장 재활용을 위한 퇴비화기술

허영진 ( Young Jin Hur ),고정현 ( Jeung Hyun Koh ),주백 ( Paik Joo ),안태영 ( Tae Young Ahn ) 한국환경복원녹화기술학회 2009 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.12 No.4

The main purpose of this study is as follows: Finding a solution for fresh wood chips to be used as an alternative growing-media through a study of the formation method of a compost base that is applicable on both construction site and composting factory to ferment fresh wood chips produced from construction site as well as a study on adjuvant or secondary materials. The result from the experiment plot using wood chips sized 50mm or less, manure and fertilizer mixed manure as a source of nitrogen to compost fresh wood chips has shown that the temperatures 9days and 3days after the beginning of the experiment reached to 49.0℃ and 40.4℃ respectively, the heating duration was 7days and 4days respectively, and the C/N ratio was 26.5 and 25.3, each satisfying the standard for composted manure (25.0~40.0). Also, the other result from another experiment plot using mixture of sandy soil and microorganism as an inoculation source of microorganism has shown that the temperature 10days after the beginning of the experiment reached to 67.6℃ and lasted 16days. The experiment plot using sandy soil has shown the highest figure of 5.3×108 CFU/g in terms of number of microorganism. The result from the experiment plots for on-site composting of fresh wood chips have shown that the experiment plot that used sandy soil with fertilizer due to supply restriction of manure as a nitrogen source in construction site reached the high temperature of 54.7℃ after 3days of experiment beginning and maintained heating state for 17days and reached 30.6 of C/N ratio, satisfying the standard for composted manure.

폐목질 자원을 이용한 옥상녹화용 식생기반재의 물리 및 화학적 특성에 관한 연구

김대영 ( Dae Young Kim ),김미미 ( Mi Mi Kim ) 한국목재공학회 2008 목재공학 Vol.36 No.1

경제가 성장함에 따라 도시 곳곳에 인공구조물이 건설되면서 녹지공간이 줄어들고 있다. 녹지공간의 축소는 도시의 열섬현상, 지구온난화 등을 가중시키고 삶의 질을 저하시키는 등의 문제를 가져왔다. 최근 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 건물의 옥상과 같이 버려진 공간을 이용한 옥상녹화에 관한 연구가 많이 이루어지고 있다. 옥상녹화 시 가장 중요한 문제로 대두되는 것은 건물에 미치는 토양의 하중으로 건물에 부하되는 하중을 줄이기 위해 경량성 녹화소재가 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 경량성 소재인 폐목재칩과 폐지 슬러리를 이용하여 녹화용 식생기반재를 제작하였다. 폐목재칩과 폐지 슬러리의 사용은 자원을 재활용한다는 의미에서도 의의를 가진다. 폐목재칩과 폐지 슬러리를 60 : 40으로 혼합하고 습윤지력증강제의 처리를 달리하였고, 보수력을 위해 표면사이즈제를 처리하여 각 처리 조건에 따라 물리적 특성과 화학적 특성을 평가하였다. 실험결과 15%의 습윤지력증강제를 첨가한 식생기반재가 습윤 시 최대의 강도를 보였고, 표면사이즈제를 도포하지 않은 식생기반재에서는 도포한 것에 비해 높은 수분증발량을 보여 표면사이즈제가 보수력을 높이는데 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 흡수 시 두께변화는 1 mm 이하로 그 변화가 적어 치수안정성이 우수한 소재임을 알 수 있었다. 식생기반재의 pH는 7.6~8.25로 중성에서 약 알카리성으로 나타났다. Many researchers have studied on rooftop greening that can be installed in abandoned spaces on a building roof. The most important issue in rooftop greening is the soil weight problem. The light greening materials are needed to solve this problem. Therefore, many alternative materials against the soil were investigated for rooftop greening. In this study, the waste wood chips and the waste paper slurry were evaluated as the lightweight vegetation foundation for rooftop greening. It also has a meaning for recycling of waste materials. The mixture ratio of waste wood chips to waste paper slurry for the board (the foundation of greening) was 60 to 40. The wet strength resin and the sizing agent were additionally added with different amount. After the forming of the board, physical and chemical properties were tested with the variation of wet strength resin and sizing agent. As the result of the test, the board with 15% of wet strength resin in the wet condition showed the highest strength. Futhermore, the moisture evaporation loss from the board surface with sizing agent was much lower than that from the board without sizing agent. Therefore, it was clear that the sizing agent was effective for water retention. The change of thickness in the wet condition was less than 1 mm, and it showed that the board is the predominant material on the dimensional stability. The average pH value of the board was ranged from 7.6 to 8.25.

폐목재 칩을 이용한 친환경 황토 혼합 시멘트 콘크리트 벽돌 개발을 위한 실험적 연구

이종국,박준석,민병욱 청운대학교 건설환경연구소 2011 청운대학교 건설환경연구소 논문집 Vol.6 No.1

Waste wood is a kind of by-product originated from various industries. This subsidiary resource should be recycled efficiently. In terms of effective resource recycling, this study focuses on wast wood recycling into wood chip with eco-friendliness. Waste wood chip divided by particle size with standard sieve was applied to the various mixing ratio into the concrete brick that is using active Hwangtoh cement and crushed stone to maximize eco-friendly effect. As a result of this study, when Hwangtoh concrete brick is mixed into waste wood with proper size and proportion we can expect new typed eco-friendly construction materials from waste material. 폐목재는 다양한 산업에서 발생하고 있는 산업부산 폐기물의 일종이다. 이러한 잉여의 자원을 효율적으로 재활용할 수 있도록 하는 것은 주요하며, 본 연구는 이러한 폐목재를 친환경적인 폐목재 칩으로 재활용하는 방안을 실험적으로 고찰한다. 활성 황토를 이용한 황토벽돌 제작 시에 폐목재를 분쇄하여 얻은 폐목재 칩을 체가름에 의한 입자크기별로 혼입하여 황토벽돌의 압축강도, 휨강도 등의 공학적 특성을 살펴보고 건축 재료로서 활용가능성을 검토한다. 이러한 연구는 폐목재의 재활용측면에서 새로운 친환경 건축재료 활용가능성을 제기함으로써 활발한 연구와 활용의 근거를 제시할 수 있다.