Correlation between semantic compatibility and frequency: A usage-based approach

Soyeon Yoon 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2013 언어연구 Vol.30 No.2

This study investigates the nature of semantic compatibility between constructions and lexical items that occur in them, in relation with language use. The usage-based model, proposed by Langacker (1987), assumes that linguistic knowledge (grammar) is grounded in language use. However, the relation between the linguistic knowledge and usage has not been empirically tested. This study shows that semantic compatibility between linguistic elements is a gradient phenomenon, and that speakers' knowledge about the degree of semantic compatibility is intimately correlated with language use, specifically frequency of use. To show this, I investigate linguistic knowledge of the semantic compatibility between the English ditransitive construction (DC) and various verbs that occur in the DC. I set up five semantic compatibility categories, and categorized various verbs according to the degree that the verb implies "successful transfer of possession" (Goldberg 1995). Then, I obtained frequency pattern of the verbs and the DC by using collexeme analysis (Stefanowitsch and Gries 2003), which is a method of measuring relative frequency of co-occurrences of a lexical item and a particular construction. I finally correlated the semantic compatibility of various verbs and the result of collexeme analysis. My findings specifically show that the more compatible a verb is with the construction, the more frequent it will be used in the construction. The empirical data support the assumption of the usage-based model that grammar and usage are closely related. (Incheon National University)

배달 앱의 지각된 용이성과 유용성이 신뢰, 태도, 구매의도에 미치는 영향 -신뢰의 매개효과와 앱 이용빈도 조절효과-

전도현,권기완 한국외식산업학회 2022 한국외식산업학회지 Vol.18 No.2

This study investigates the relationships of the technology acceptance theory’s effects on trust, attitude, and purchase intention, and examines the impact of moderating effects according to the usage frequency of delivery apps on attitude’s influence on purchase intention. The research sample was the subjects of 20-year-old and above adults residing in Gyeonggi, Seoul, and the survey was conducted from February 1 to March 15, 2021. A total of 260 questionnaires were distributed, and 235 copies, excluding 25 copies with missing values, were used for the final empirical analysis. In addition, frequency analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation model analysis were conducted to verify the research hypothesis, and multiple group analysis was performed to verify the moderating effects. As a result of the study, ease of use indicated a significant (+) influence on usefulness, while ease of use did not indicate a significant influence on trust. Perceived usefulness indicated a significant (+) influence on trust. Ease of use and usefulness did not have a statistically significant influence on trust, and attitude displayed a significant (+) influence on purchase intention. Moreover, as a result of verifying moderating effects according to the usage frequency of delivery apps, no moderating effects were found. Based on the outcomes of this study, we aim to contribute to academic progress by seeking ways to elevate purchase intention through a positive attitude toward delivery apps achieved with an increase in delivery apps’ ease of use, usefulness, and trust; in practical aspects, we desire to propose methods for the delivery app companies to grow purchase intention by further building trust based on the technology acceptance theory, devising differentiated marketing strategies, and heightening purchase intention of consumers with high app usage frequency. In addition, since there was no moderating effect on the frequency of app use, it is necessary to seek ways to increase purchase intention as the frequency of use increases by providing differentiated services or benefits to customers who frequently use the app.

정보시스템 도업 요인이 기업 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

이선규(Yi, Seon-Gyu),김우봉(Kim, Woo-Bong) 한국산학기술학회 2007 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.8 No.3

본 연구에서는 정보통신산업을 중심으로 해서 정보 시스템의 효율적인 도입 관점에서 기엽의 환경, 조직 및 정보 기술 특성이 정보 시스템 도입 성과에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 살펴 보면서, IS(Infonnation System) 이용도와 이용자 만족도를 실행 성과 변수(중간 변수)로 설정하여 이러한 실행 성과 변수들이 도입 성과에 어떤 영향을 미치는가에 대해서 연구하였다. 회귀 분석 결과 환경적 특성과 조직 구조적 특성, 정보 기술적 특성들은 IS 이용도와 이용자 만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었고, IS 이용도는 이용자 만족도에 역시 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또, IS 이용도와 이용자 만족도는 기업의 재무적 성과와 비 재무적 성과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 경로 분석에서는 조직 구조적 특성과 정보 기술 특성은 IS 이용도와 이용자 만족도에 긍정적인 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 환경적 특성은 IS 이용도와 이용자 만족도에 유의적인 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또, IS 이용도는 기업의 재무적 성과와 비 재무적 성과에 역시 유의적인 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 이용자 만족도도 기업의 재무적 성과에는 유의적인 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 결론은 IS 이용도와 이용자 만족도는 정보 시스템의 전략적인 활용 관점에서 볼 때 기업의 재무적/비 재무적 성과에 직접 혹은 간접적으로 영향을 미치는 중간 변수임을 확인할 수 있었으며, 또한 이러한 중간 변수는 기업의 환경, 조직, 정보 기술 특성에 의해서 역시 영향을 받고 있다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. We, in this study, tried to examine the influence of business environment, organization structure and information technology characteristics used on the performance of the information systems in Information and Communications Industries. The result shows that frequency of system usage and users'satisfaction are positively affected by the factors of business environment, organizational structure and information-technology. The user satisfaction of the system is affected by the frequency of system usage. Both financial performance and non-financial performance are affected by the frequency of the systems usage and user satisfaction of the system. With path analysis, we verified the overall model goodness-of-fit verified for the research model. The result shows that organization structure and technological factors are positively related to the frequency of usage and user satisfaction of the system, while the environmental factors are not. The frequency of system usage is not linked to both fmancial and non-financial performance. The user satisfaction of the system does not affected to the financial performance. In conclusion, the usage frequency and user satisfaction of the system are the moderating variables affecting business performances. These two variables are affected by the environment, organization structure and information technology. The Path analysis also supports the relationships among these variables.

소출력 전파이용에 관한 현행 전파정책의 개요

계경문 ( Kye Moon Kye ) 연세대학교 법학연구원 의료·과학기술과 법센터 2010 연세 의료·과학기술과 법 Vol.1 No.1

Low power station means that typically affect the bottom of any other radio station is considered an enemy radio station as close to a lower output means of communication used to be known as the Short Range communication Devices. Korea`s aerial power than a normal 10mW or less 10mW/MHz aerial power density is to allow stations. Typically, anyone can freely use and frequency co-frequency co-use policies and conditions of use apply to be exempted from individual stations licensed to promote the benefits of communication and public policy has been applied. When you want to open a radio station in principle, should be cleared at the Korea Communications Commission(KCC) as current law. To launch radio stations or radio equipment in a weak and do not need to install the stations should be reported to the KCC. Spectrum usage liberalization based on the available frequency bands and applies to applications by eliminating the technical constraints and frequency of users to freely decide the purpose and as a result of technology and the means to choose. Frequency sharing model users can use the frequency system without others interference. And frequencies are used to develop an open manner. Korea can take advantage of the UWB technology in the frequency band 3.1~4.8GHz and 7.2~10.2GHz to spread the indoor and outdoor applications in the communication stations were to be used without permission. To facilitate the development of new technology such as ISM band without a separate license to use unusual means to the specified frequency band. If more than 50W, you will be permission KCC in Korea and purpose is specified band. Attention in recent femtocell has been operated as low power. It`s voice calls as well as Wi-Fi broadband internet access and there`s no limit to the frequency band used for extra frequency. Use plan for the activation of the Low Power Radio, First, global standards tailored to the frequency adjustment and revision of technical standards is required. Second, some of the enhancements in the ISM band, the items should be excluded from the permit. Finally, the authentication and authorization procedures should be clearly defined.

Frequency and Processing of Collocations by L2 and Heritage Speakers

정효진 이중언어학회 2023 이중언어학 Vol.91 No.-

Frequency is one of the most important factors that affect the processing of collocations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of individual word frequency and collocational frequency in the processing of Korean collocations by second language (L2) and heritage speakers of Korean. Seventeen L2 and 14 heritage speakers of Korean as well as 20 native speakers performed an acceptability judgment task on 30 Korean noun-verb collocations and their control counterparts. The results revealed that all three groups demonstrated sensitivity to collocational frequency but not to word-level frequency. However, L2 and heritage speakers’ degrees of sensitivity to collocational frequency differed from that of native speakers. Based on the results and previous studies, pedagogical implications and suggestions for future research in this area are discussed.

BCCWJ 기반 일본어 외래어 사용경향 분석

박노순 일본어문학회 2023 일본어문학 Vol.101 No.-

The present paper aims to capture the tendencies in which the native speakers of Japanese use ‘loanwords’. Based on the BCCWJ, a large-scale balanced corpus, I analyse the usage of loanwords in terms of frequency, ratio, and register. Out of 21,622 loanwords, the most frequently used loanword is 「paasento(パーセント)」(63,392), followed by 「peeji(ページ)」(24,642) and 「sentaa(センター)」(20,664). This frequency-based analysis shows that whilst the number of loanwords which are used more than 10,000 times is only 15 and the number of loanwords which are used more than 5,000 times is only 62, there are much more cases of loanwords whose frequencies range from 1 to 99. According to the criterion of frequency, the registers in which loanwords appear the most frequently are ‘published books’ and ‘library books’, whereas those in which loanwords appear the least frequently are ‘essays’ and ‘law-related books’. It is, however, possible that the registers with the high number of words contain many loanwords, in the first place. Thus, I calculated the ratio of loanwords in the total number of words in a given register and found that the highest rate was 14.3 percent in ‘Chiebukuro’, followed by 13.9 percent in ‘magazines’ and 12.5 percent in ‘blogs’. In these three registers, we find relatively few regulations on the usage of linguistic expressions, and the users seem to employ various types of expressions.

Gradable nature of semantic compatibility and coercion: A usage-based approach

( Soyeon Yoon ) 경희대학교 언어연구소 2016 언어연구 Vol.33 No.1

This study investigates the gradable nature of semantic compatibility between constructions and the lexical items that occur in them and also of the related concept of linguistic coercion, in relation to actual language use, on the basis of the usage-based model, proposed by Langacker (1987). The study shows that semantic compatibility between linguistic elements is a gradient phenomenon, and that speakers’ knowledge about the degree of semantic compatibility in a given case is closely correlated with language use, specifically language processing and frequency of usage. This study also shows that coercion, which is the resolution of semantic incompatibility between a construction and a lexical item occurring in it, is also a gradient phenomenon related to usage. To do so, this study investigates linguistic knowledge of semantic compatibility between the English sentential complement construction and various verbs that occur in it, and compares this semantic compatibility with empirical data obtained from acceptability judgments of various sentences, a corpus, and an experiment on sentence processing. My findings show that the more compatible a verb is with the construction, the faster their co-occurrence is processed and the more frequently it is used. On the basis of this correlation between gradable semantic compatibility and usage, this study suggests that the study of coercion be expanded to investigate its linguistic and extra-linguistic contexts and to determine what kind of interactions lead to a better or easier resolution of incompatibility, by incorporating empirical language use data.(Incheon National University)

Gradable nature of semantic compatibility and coercion: A usage-based approach

윤소연 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2016 언어연구 Vol.33 No.1

This study investigates the gradable nature of semantic compatibility between constructions and the lexical items that occur in them and also of the related concept of linguistic coercion, in relation to actual language use, on the basis of the usage-based model, proposed by Langacker (1987). The study shows that semantic compatibility between linguistic elements is a gradient phenomenon, and that speakers’ knowledge about the degree of semantic compatibility in a given case is closely correlated with language use, specifically language processing and frequency of usage. This study also shows that coercion, which is the resolution of semantic incompatibility between a construction and a lexical item occurring in it, is also a gradient phenomenon related to usage. To do so, this study investigates linguistic knowledge of semantic compatibility between the English sentential complement construction and various verbs that occur in it, and compares this semantic compatibility with empirical data obtained from acceptability judgments of various sentences, a corpus, and an experiment on sentence processing. My findings show that the more compatible a verb is with the construction, the faster their co-occurrence is processed and the more frequently it is used. On the basis of this correlation between gradable semantic compatibility and usage, this study suggests that the study of coercion be expanded to investigate its linguistic and extra-linguistic contexts and to determine what kind of interactions lead to a better or easier resolution of incompatibility, by incorporating empirical language use data.

Correlation between semantic compatibility and frequency: A usage-based approach

윤소연 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2013 언어연구 Vol.30 No.2

This study investigates the nature of semantic compatibility between constructions and lexical items that occur in them, in relation with language use. The usage-based model, proposed by Langacker (1987), assumes that linguistic knowledge (grammar) is grounded in language use. However, the relation between the linguistic knowledge and usage has not been empirically tested. This study shows that semantic compatibility between linguistic elements is a gradient phenomenon, and that speakers’ knowledge about the degree of semantic compatibility is intimately correlated with language use, specifically frequency of use. To show this, I investigate linguistic knowledge of the semantic compatibility between the English ditransitive construction (DC) and various verbs that occur in the DC. I set up five semantic compatibility categories, and categorized various verbs according to the degree that the verb implies “successful transfer of possession” (Goldberg 1995). Then, I obtained frequency pattern of the verbs and the DC by using collexeme analysis (Stefanowitsch and Gries 2003), which is a method of measuring relative frequency of co-occurrences of a lexical item and a particular construction. I finally correlated the semantic compatibility of various verbs and the result of collexeme analysis. My findings specifically show that the more compatible a verb is with the construction, the more frequent it will be used in the construction. The empirical data support the assumption of the usage-based model that grammar and usage are closely related.

입력 빈도 분포의 유형과 작업 기억 능력이 초등 영어 학습자의 문법 학습에 미치는 영향

박혜미(Hye-Mi Park),이상기(Sang-Ki Lee) 한국초등영어교육학회 2022 초등영어교육 Vol.28 No.3

사용 기반 언어 학습(usage-based language learning)의 관점에서 보자면 언어 습득은 귀납적인 과정으로 이해되며, 그 과정에서 언어 입력에 대한 학습자의 유의미한 경험은 습득의성패를 가늠하는 가장 중요한 요소 중의 하나가 된다. 이때 학습 경험의 유의미성을 결정하는 여러 요인 중의 하나가 입력 빈도(input frequency)이다. 다른 모든 조건이 동일한 경우라면 입력에 대한 보다 빈번한 노출이 더욱 유의미한 학습 효과를 이끌게 될 것이라 기대해볼 수 있을 것이다. 한편, 동일한 수준의 입력 빈도라 할지라도 그것을 어떻게 구체화하느냐에 따라 학습의결과가 달라지리라는 가정이 근래 들어 여러 연구자들의 주목을 받아 왔다(이상기, 2014). 특히 모국어 학습의 경우 전형성(prototypicality)이 높은 특정 항목에 대하여 그 빈도를 상대적으로 높여 제시하는 왜곡 분포(skewed distribution)의 조건에서 여러 목표 항목의 빈도를 동일한 수준으로 조정하여 제시하는 균형 분포(balanced distribution) 조건에 비해 더욱큰 학습 효과가 나타났음이 여러 연구를 통해 비교적 일관적으로 보고되었다(Casenhiser & Goldberg, 2005; Goldberg et al., 2004; Goldberg et al., 2007). 그러나 제2언어 습득의 사례에서는 그와 같은 일관된 결론이 도출되지 못하고 있다. 일례로, 왜곡 분포와 균형 분포간에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 목격되지 않거나, 거꾸로 균형 분포가 미치는 효과가 더욱크게 나타나는 사례도 살필 수 있었다(Lee, 2008; McDonough & Nekrasova-Becker, 2012; Nakamura, 2012; Year & Gordon, 2009). 본 연구에서는 이처럼 제2언어 학습자를 참여자로 하는 선행 연구들에서 상이한 연구 결과가 보고되고 왔다는 점에 주목하였다.… From the input-driven and usage-based approach to language learning, this study investigates the effects of types of input frequency distribution and working memory capacity on grammar learning by Korean elementary English learners. A total of 64 students were exposed to the participle forms of psychological verbs (e.g., exciting and excited) in three different input frequency distribution conditions (skewed, balanced, and control), and their working memory capacity was measured by a conceptual span task. The learning outcomes and the generalizability of the learned knowledge were measured with a scaled judgment task and a picture description task, immediately after the treatment and two weeks later. The results showed that the input frequency distribution factor had statistically significant main effects in the posttest session. Overall, students in the balanced condition were found to have outperformed those in the skewed condition. In addition, it was found that the working memory capacity factor had a positive influence on the learning of the target forms, both in terms of comprehension and production. Its positive effects continued to be observed in the production aspect of the delayed posttest session.