Small target detection using cross product based on temporal profile in infrared image sequences

Bae, T.W.,Kim, B.I.,Kim, Y.C.,Sohng, K.I. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2010 Computers & electrical engineering Vol.36 No.6

This paper presents a new small target detection method using cross product of temporal pixels based on temporal profiles in infrared (IR) image sequences. Temporal characteristics of small targets and various backgrounds are different. A new algorithm classifies target pixels and background pixels through hypothesis testing using the cross product of pixels on temporal profile and predicts the temporal backgrounds based on the results. Small target pixels are detected by subtracting the predicted temporal background profile from the original temporal profile. For performance comparison between the proposed method and the conventional methods, the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were computed experimentally. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better discrimination of target and clutter pixels and lower false alarm rates than conventional methods.

독도에 발달한 역빈의 시계열적 변화와 특성분석

강지현 ( Jihyun Kang ),이재호 ( Jaeho Lee ),최승세 ( Seungse Choi ) 한국지형학회 2016 한국지형학회지 Vol.23 No.4

This study analyzed morphological changes and sediment characteristics of three gravel beaches on Dokdo. We measured seven beach profiles and grain size at each profile. Among them, area of two beaches were found to increase and grow from north to south by aerial photo analysis. The reason of temporal change was related to wave deformation after construction of dock at Dongdo. The shape of gravel spit which deposit from cliff to sea at Seodo was changed following wind direction from north to south, and vice versa. The last influence on the shape of gravel spit guessed the No. 15 typhoon named Goni because the direction of 1st, 2nd berm and beach face was facing to southward. Three berms were observed at the profiles from a far distance dock, while only fair-weather berms were at the profiles which were least influenced from wind. Sediment size increased as the distance drifts farther away from shoreline, but the size decreased at middle of the profiles.

Use of UVP to Investigate the Evolution of Bed Configuration

M. Sukru Guney,Gokcen Bombar,Aysegul O. Aksoy,Mustafa Dogan 대한토목학회 2013 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.17 No.5

Ultrasonic Velocity Profiler (UVP) is a widely used instrument which allows the determination of the complete velocity profile. UVP can also measure the echo amplitude in the mean time. In this study, it is intended to use the UVP transducers in an indirect way to detect the bottom surface by orienting them vertically downward. Preliminary experiments were conducted with immobile bed by using uniform, non-uniform sediment as well as wooden and plastic surface. It was appeared that the first remarkable peak corresponds to the bottom surface. The time variations of local bed elevations were registered by applying this technique in order to determine the erosion and deposition around a bridge pier and local scour around a horizontal submerged pipe. It was revealed that the so registered scour depths were in good agreement with those observed during the experiments. Consequently, it is demonstrated that time varied bed elevations can be measured via the first peak value of echo amplitudes by placing UVP transducers vertically.

고기동 표적 추적 성능 개선을 위한 연구

정윤식(Yun Sik Jung),김경수(Kyung Su Kim),송택렬(Taek Lyul Song) 제어로봇시스템학회 2010 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.16 No.11

In this paper, a new realtime algorithm called the RTPBTD-HPDAF (Recursive Temporal Profile Base Target Detection with Highest Probability Data Association Filter) is presented for tracking fast moving small targets with IIR (Imaging Infrared) sensor systems. Spatial filter algorithms are mainly used for target in IIR sensor system detection and tracking however they often generate high density clutter due to various shapes of cloud. The TPBTD (Temporal Profile Base Target Detection) algorithm based on the analysis of temporal behavior of individual pixels is known to have good performance for detection and tracking of fast moving target with suppressing clutter. However it is not suitable to detect stationary and abruptly maneuvering targets. Moreover its computational load may not be negligible. The PTPBTD-HPDAF algorithm proposed in this paper for real-time target detection and tracking is shown to be computationally cheap while it has benefit of tracking targets with abrupt maneuvers. The performance of the proposed RTPBTD-HPDAF algorithm is tested and compared with the spatial filter with HPDAF algorithm for run-time and track initiation at real IIR video.

Exposure of BALB/3T3 fibroblast cells to temporal concentration profile of toxicant inside microfluidic device

신현종,Sanjeev Kumar Mahto,김재현,이석우 한국바이오칩학회 2011 BioChip Journal Vol.5 No.3

This work describes a simple method that generates temporal concentration profiles of chemicals inside a microfluidic channel and exposes cultured cells to chemicals in order to mimic the exponential clearance curve of chemicals in the human body. The device fabricated with a poly (dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS) replica mold and a glass substrate was used to create the microfluidic channels. The fluid streams inside the channels were controlled by programmable syringe pumps. By controlling the relative flow rates of the fluidic inlets using separate syringe pumps, the resulting composition of the inlets that feed the concentration generator zone can be controlled to generate temporal profiles of chemicals in the observation zone. The concentration profiles of fluorescent dye were confirmed by analyzing the time-lapse fluorescence images. Finally, a temporal concentration profile of toxic cadmium solution with exponential clearance curve was exposed to BALB/3T3 fibroblast cells confluently cultured inside a microfluidic device for 3 h, and the behavior of the cells was monitored using a time-lapse microscope. The relative concentration of reactive oxygen species inside the exposed cells was measured indirectly by using a fluorescent probe to assess the degree of cell death. The method developed in this work offers a convenient way of controlling the concentration of chemicals inside microfluidic channels, and enables time-dependent exposure of chemicals to cells and monitoring of the behavior of cells for biological research applications.

수도권 지역에서 기상-대기질 모델링을 위한 VOC와 PM2.5의 화학종 분류 및 시간분배계수 산정

문윤섭 한국지구과학회 2015 韓國地球科學會誌 Vol.36 No.1

The purpose of this study is to allocate the chemical speciation from source profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matters (PMs), and to correct the temporal allocation factor and the chemical speciation of source profiles according to the source classification code within the sparse matrix operator kernel emission system (SMOKE). As a result, the chemical speciation from source profiles of VOCs such as gasoline, diesel vapor, coating, dry cleaning and LPG was allocated to 12 and 34 species for the carbon bond IV (CBIV) chemical mechanism and the statewide air pollution research center 99 (SAPRC99) chemical mechanism, respectively. Also, the chemical speciation of PM2.5 such as soil, road, dust, gasoline, diesel vehicle, industrial source, municipal incinerator, coal fired, power plant, biomass burning and marine was allocated to 5 species of fine PM, organic carbon, elementary carbon, NO3-, and SO42. In addition, temporal profiles for point and line sources were obtained by using the stack telemetry system (TMS) and hourly traffic flows in the Seoul metropolitan area for 2007. In particular, the temporal allocation factor for the ozone modeling at point sources was estimated based on NOX emission inventories of the stack TMS data. 본 연구의 목적은 휘발성 유기화합물(VOC)과 먼지(PM)의 배출원 프로파일로부터 화학종 분류를 할당하고, 성김 행렬 조작자 핵심 배출량 시스템(SMOKE) 내에 배출원 분류코드에 따른 배출원 프로파일의 화학종 분류와 시간분배계수를 수정하는 것이다. 그 결과, 기솔린, 디젤 증기, 도장, 세탁, LPG 등과 같은 VOC 배출원 프로파일로부터 화학 종 분류는 탄소 결합 IV(CBIV) 화학 메커니즘과 주 규모 대기오염연구센터 99(SAPRC99) 화학 메커니즘을 위해 각각 12종과 34종을 할당하였다. 또한 토양, 도로, 먼지, 가솔린, 디젤차, 산업기원, 도시 소각장, 탄 연소, 발전소, 생체 연소, 해안 등과 같은 PM2.5 배출원 프로파일로부터 화학종 분류는 미세 먼지, 유기탄소, 원소 탄소, 질산염과 황산염의 5종으로 할당하였다. 게다가 점 및 선 배출원의 시간 프로파일은 2007년 수도권 지역에서의 굴뚝 원격감시시스템(TMS)과 시간별 교통 흐름 자료로부터 구하였다. 특별히 점 배출원에 있어 오존 모델링을 위한 시간분배계수는 굴뚝 원격감시시스템 자료의 NOX 배출량 인벤토리에 근거하여 추정하였다.

Spatio-Temporal Variability and Temporal Stability of Profile Soil Moisture at a Hillslope Scale

Lei Gao,Xinhua Peng,Hu Zhou 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

시계열 MODIS를 이용한 토지피복의 반사율 패턴: 2004년~2008년

윤정숙 ( Jong Suk Yoon ),강성진 ( Sung Jin Kang ),이규성 ( Kyu Sung Lee ) 大韓遠隔探査學會 2009 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

Terra와Aqua 위성에서 촬영되는 MODIS 영상은 매일 수신되는 중해상도 영상으로써 광범위한 지역에 대한 모니터링을 하는데 여러 가지 장점을 제공한다. 특히, MODIS 영상은 신뢰성 있는 알고리즘을 적용하여 만들어진 대기/해양/육상 관련한 여러 가지 영상(products)들을 함께 제공함으로써 사용자가 데이터를 확보하여 바로 사용할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 또한 북한이라는 제도적으로 제약이 따르는 지역을 포함하는 한반도의 경우, 활용상의 제약이 따르지 않는 점이 중해상도급 MODIS 영상의 큰 장점이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 기존의 시계열 모니터링에서 주로 식생지수를 모니터링하는 방법과는 달리, 대기 보정을 거쳐 대기의 효과를 제거한 250m급 MODIS 반사율 영상을 이용하여 시계열로 변화되는 반사율을 대상으로 하였다. 2004년에서 2008년까지 5년 동안의 각 토지 피복이 보이는 반사율 패턴과 함께, 토지 피복이 변화된 지역에서 관찰되는 반사율의 변화를 살펴 보았다. 7개의 토지 피복별 근적외선, 적색광 반사율과 NDVI의 시계열 자료에서 토지 피복과 계절적 영향이 근적외선 반사율에서 가장 민감하게 반영되고 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 토지 피복에 따른 반사율 패턴은 토지 피복 분류 및 변화된 지역을 탐지하는데 기본적으로 이용될 가능성을 제시한다. With high temporal resolution, four times receiving during a day, MODIS images from Terra and Aqua satellites provide several advantages for monitoring spacious land. Especially, diverse MODIS products related to land, atmosphere, and ocean have been provided with radiance MODIS images. The products such as surface reflectance, NDVI, cloud mask, aerosol etc. are based on theoretical algorithms developed in academic areas. Comparing with other change detection studies mainly using the vegetation index, this study investigated temporal surface reflectance of landcovers for five years from 2004 to 2008. The near infrared (NIR) reflectance in urbanized and burned areas showed considerable difference before and after events. The specific characteristics of surface reflectance temporal profiles are possibly useful for the detection of landcover changes and classification.

시계열 등온선 자료에서의 SAR로 관측된 내부파의 추적 연구

김태림 ( Tae Rim Kim ) 大韓遠隔探査學會 2009 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

여름철 우리나라 서해 연안을 관측한 SAR영상에서 다수의 내부파가 관측되고 있으며 이들은 동지나해에서 관측되는 내부파들에 비하여 소규모이며 상대적으로 많은 연구가 이루어지지 않고 있다. 이러한 내부파들은 여름철 표층 해수의 혼합을 발생시킴으로서 해양 생물학적으로 중요한 역할을 하며 대륙붕에서의 퇴적물 이동 및 음파의 전달에 있어서도 중요한 요소로서 서해의 물성 특성 연구에 있어서 반드시 고려되어야 한다. 내부파의 특성 분석을 위해서는 시공간적인 정보가 필요하며 이를 위해서는 현장 관측과 위성 관측이 동시에 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구에서는 2002년 5월 29일 현장 관측과 동시에 획득된 SAR영상을 분석하고 영상에 나타난 내부파와 동일한 내부파를 시간에 따른 수심별 등온선의 변화에서 분석·추적하였다. An abundance of internal waves is observed by SAR in the Yellow Sea during summer. They are small scaled internal waves and are not relatively studied well compared to the ones in the East/South China Sea. These internal waves should be considered in the study of physio-biological properties of the Yellow Sea because the mixing of the stratified surface water caused by internal waves during summer is important for ocean biological environment, and they also affect the sediment transport and acoustic signal transmission in the continental shelf region. To understand the characteristics of internal waves, it is important to get the spatio-temporal information of internal waves simultaneously by executing in-situ measurements as well as the SAR observation. This study tracks the internal waves observed by SAR in the time series of temperature profile data by analyzing simultaneously acquired in-situ measurement data and RADARSAT SAR image on 29 May 2002.

교육 시설의 전력 수요 예측을 위한 클러스터링 기반 확률적 통계 모델 개발

김철호(Chulho Kim),김한주(Hanjoo Kim),변지욱(Jiwook Byun),고재현(Jaehyun Go),허연숙(Yeonsook Heo) 대한설비공학회 2022 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.6

This study developed the probabilistic models of the internal electricity load for educational buildings on the basis of the structured probabilistisic model framework developed in the previous study for residential buildings. In this process, heterogeneous public data sosurces (MOLIT EAIS and KEPCO AMI) were used, and differences in internal electricity load within education buildings were invetigated with using the clustering method. The cluster analysis revealed two distinctive load profiles, which may be due to different types of educational purposes: schools and private educational institutes. Within each cluster of buildings, individual-building variations of internal electricity load, as well as temporal variations of internal electricity load were quantified by the structured probabilistic models Statistical models 1 and 3 can represent individual variations in internal electricity load for each building, and statistical models 2 and 4 can reflect temporal variations in hourly internal electricity load patterns that change daily.