Intervention Effects on Reconstruction: with Focus on NPI and –man ‘only’

Bum-Sik Park(박범식),Sei-Rang Oh(오세랑) 한국언어학회 2021 언어 Vol.46 No.2

This paper investigates the intervention effects on the reconstruction of scrambled elements in Korean. It has been often noted in the literature that in certain contexts, a scrambled element induces an intervention effect in conjunction with LF wh-movement in Korean (Beck & Kim 1997). Crucially, what is assumed here is that the scrambled element does not reconstruct, contrary to the standard assumption that scrambled elements can (optionally) reconstruct (Saito 1992). The paper aims to resolve this paradoxical situation. We show that the anti-reconstruction effect is detected only with certain focus elements (e.g. NPI, –man ‘only’ and wh -phrase). Specifically, it is shown that these focus elements may not reconstruct across another intervening focus. We also present data that exhibit a more direct intervention effect such that the relevant construction becomes unacceptable due to the inevitable conflict between reconstruction and the constraint.

관계상실경험자의 사건중심성과 의미재구성의 관계: 탈중심화의 매개효과

김순미,이수림 한국콘텐츠학회 2020 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.20 No.6

The purpose of this study was to verify the mediating effect of decentering between centrality of event and meaning reconstruction, based on relational loss experiences. To do so, surveys were conducted on 295 people(male: 109, female: 186) who would experience relational loss and be over 20 years old in the country using a questionnaire including a relational loss history checklist, the CES(Centrality of Event Scale), the Decentering Scale and the GMRI(Grief and Meaning Reconstruction Inventory). And the valid data were statistically processed using SPSS 22.0 program. The results of the study was followed. First, both centrality of event and decentering had positive corrleations with meaning reconstruction. Second, decentering completely mediated relationship of centrality of event and meaning reconstruction. Centrality of event had no direct effect on meaning reconstruction and the entire effect of centrality of event on meaning reconstruction was transmitted only through the path of decentering. Based on these results, limitations and implications of this study and suggestions for future studies were discussed. 본 연구는 관계상실 경험자의 사건중심성이 의미재구성에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 탈중심화의 매개효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 전국 범위로 관계상실을 경험한 20세 이상 성인남녀 295명(남 109명, 여 186명)을 대상으로 상실경험 관련 질문지, 사건중심성 척도, 탈중심화 척도 및 애도에 대한 의미재구성 척도를 사용해 설문 조사를 실시하였고, SPSS 22.0 프로그램을 사용하여 매개효과를 검증하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째로 사건중심성과 탈중심화는 의미재구성과 정적 상관을 보였다. 둘째, 탈중심화가 사건중심성과 의미재구성을 완전 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 사건중심성에서 의미재구성으로 가는 직접 경로는 유의하지 않았고, 사건중심성이 탈중심화를 매개할 경우에만 의미재구성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 제한점과 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 논의하였다.

Notes on NPI-scrambling and Intervention Effects in Korean

Bum-Sik Park,Suyoung Bae,Sei-Rang Oh 한국생성문법학회 2021 생성문법연구 Vol.31 No.2

In this paper, we examine the intervention effect induced by scrambling of NPIs across wh-phrases in Korean. Given that the intervention effect arises only with scrambling of NPIs, it is often noted that scrambling does not undergo reconstruction. Adopting the standard assumption that scrambling may reconstruct (Saito 1989, 1992), we argue that the apparent anti-reconstruction effect results from the different timing in applications of syntactic operations (e.g., wh-movement) and reconstruction processes. Assuming that syntactic operations take place before reconstruction processes, we suggest that wh-movement across a scrambled NPI induces an intervention effect and thus no reconstruction possibilities arise. One of the implications of this analysis is that the intervention effect is not induced representationally at LF, but is induced derivationally, contra what is argued by Beck & Kim (1997) and Tanaka (1997, 2003).

참여정부 재건축규제의 주택시장 영향분석

신완철(Shin, Wan-Chul),김호철(Kim, Ho-Cheol) 한국주거환경학회 2008 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.6 No.2

This research assesses the policies of the ‘Participatory Government' on reconstruction regulations and examine what are the desirable policies for the future reconstruction regulations. Empirical work had been done in order to verify the effect of the regulations on the housing prices, on the relationship between the reconstruction-apartment prices and the general-apartment prices and to examine what are the appropriate reconstruction regulations for the stable housing market and the advanced housing environment. The result of the analysis is as follows: First, it suggests that tightening up the reconstruction regulation has a short-run effect on the housing price stability and there is a possibility of continuous housing price increase caused by housing supply contraction. Second, the research cannot find the evidence that there is a relationship between the reconstruction-apartment prices and the general-apartment prices even though these two have similar time series movements. Third, it concludes that the necessary conditions and standards of the regulation are needed but the regulations such as direct control of consumers' needs should be deregulated.

A Minimalist Analysis of Asymmetries in A/A"-movement: Focusing on Reconstruction effects

Kwang-sup Kim(김광섭) 한국생성문법학회 2006 생성문법연구 Vol.16 No.1

  It is quite well-known that there are A/A" asymmetries in reconstruction effects. The main claim of this paper is that A-movement is a movement into the SPEC of a potential predicate, while A"-movement is a movement into the SPEC of a non-predicate. Movement produces multiple copies and one copy must be associated with a predicate at LF, but the copy in A"-position cannot. Therefore, a copy in A-position must be interpreted, which triggers A/A" asymmetries in reconstruction effects. This paper also attempts to explain the operator/variable asymmetries and the complement/adjunct asymmetries. In an attempt to explain these asymmetries, I propose that the scope effects of movement must be preserved at LF, and that interpreting more than one copies is permitted at LF as well as at PF, if required by grammatical principles like the Principle of Full Interpretation.

Parallel Merge and Sideward Movement - Implications for Reconstruction Effects

Sungeun Cho 한국생성문법학회 2006 생성문법연구 Vol.16 No.4

Regarding across-the-board wh-questions, two kinds of interesting approaches have been made in recent years: Parallel Merge approach (Citko 2005) and Sideward Movement approach (Nunes 2002, Hornstein & Nunes 2002, Cho 2005 and others). According to Citko (2005), the construction is derived through Parallel Merge, which creates multi-dominant, symmetric structures that become antisymmetric in the course of the derivation. By contrast, Nunes (2001), Hornstein & Nunes (2002), Nunes (2004) and Cho (2005) propose that the constructions are derived through Sideward Movement. Under the assumption that Move is output of interaction of the independent operations, Copy, Merge, and Delete, sideward movement refers to merge the copy of α with a syntactic object K, which has been independently assembled and is unconnected to K. The parallel merge approach and sideward movement approach are different in at least one crucial respect. The former approach involves a single copy of the wh-pronouns. By contrast, the latter approach involves two copies. This difference has implications for symmetric or asymmetric reconstruction effects. This paper shows that the sideward movement approach assuming two copies of wh-phrases is on the right track in explaining both symmetric and asymmetric reconstruction effects.

Neural Network Image Reconstruction for Magnetic Particle Imaging

채병규 한국전자통신연구원 2017 ETRI Journal Vol.39 No.6

We investigate neural network image reconstruction for magnetic particle imaging. The network performance strongly depends on the convolution effects of the spectrum input data. The larger convolution effect appearing at a relatively smaller nanoparticle size obstructs the network training. The trained single-layer network reveals the weighting matrix consisting of a basis vector in the form of Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind. The weighting matrix corresponds to an inverse system matrix, where an incoherency of basis vectors due to low convolution effects, as well as a nonlinear activation function, plays a key role in retrieving the matrix elements. Test images are well reconstructed through trained networks having an inverse kernel matrix. We also confirm that a multi-layer network with one hidden layer improves the performance. Based on the results, a neural network architecture overcoming the low incoherence of the inverse kernel through the classification property is expected to become a better tool for image reconstruction.

The unfamiliar face effect on forensic craniofacial reconstruction and recognition

Lee, W.J.,Wilkinson, C.M. Elsevier Sequoia 2016 Forensic science international Vol.269 No.-

<P>Previous research into the reliability of forensic craniofacial reconstruction (CFR) has focused primarily on the accuracy of reconstructed faces from European or African ancestry skulls. Moreover, the recognition of CFR in relation to the experience and ancestry of the practitioners and the assessors has not been previously considered. The cross-race effect is a recognised phenomenon in psychology studies, where familiar ancestry faces are recognised more readily than unfamiliar ancestry faces, but there is a paucity of research addressing the relationship between the accuracy of reconstructed faces and the familiarity with this ancestry by the practitioners/assessors. The aims of this research were to investigate whether 'unfamiliar-race effect' has any influence on the accuracy of CFR and to evaluate how much the correct recognition rate of CFR is affected by the cross-race effect. Eight CFRs from three ancestry groups were produced by experienced practitioners in order to explore the aims. The results demonstrated that practitioners produced more recognisable CFRs using skulls from a familiar ancestry than skulls from unfamiliar ancestries. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

Indirect displacement monitoring of high-speed railway box girders consider bending and torsion coupling effects

Xin Wang,Zhonglong Li,Yi Zhuo,Hao Di,Jianfeng Wei,Yuchen Li,Shunlong Li 국제구조공학회 2021 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.28 No.6

The dynamic displacement is considered to be an important indicator of structural safety, and becomes an indispensable part of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system for high-speed railway bridges. This paper proposes an indirect strain based dynamic displacement reconstruction methodology for high-speed railway box girders. For the typical box girders under eccentric train load, the plane section assumption and elementary beam theory is no longer applicable due to the bend-torsion coupling effects. The monitored strain was decoupled into bend and torsion induced strain, pre-trained multi-output support vector regression (M-SVR) model was employed for such decoupling process considering the sensor layout cost and reconstruction accuracy. The decoupled strained based displacement could be reconstructed respectively using box girder plate element analysis and mode superposition principle. For the transformation modal matrix has a significant impact on the reconstructed displacement accuracy, the modal order would be optimized using particle swarm algorithm (PSO), aiming to minimize the ill conditioned degree of transformation modal matrix and the displacement reconstruction error. Numerical simulation and dynamic load testing results show that the reconstructed displacement was in good agreement with the simulated or measured results, which verifies the validity and accuracy of the algorithm proposed in this paper.

Mathematical model and vector control of a six-phase linear induction motor with the dynamic end effect

Han, Yi,Nie, Ziling,Xu, Jin,Zhu, Junjie,Sun, Jun The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2020 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.20 No.3

This study investigates a short primary double-side six-phase linear induction motor (LIM) operating in non-periodic transient conditions. The main purpose is to solve the problems arising from the dynamic end effect. The equivalent circuit method is used for intensively studying the transient time-varying law of eddy current and excitation inductance, and the finite element method is adopted for verification. The calculation of eddy current loss leads to an expression of secondary equivalent resistance. Then, a mathematical model is established for the six-phase LIM involving the dynamic end effect. Furthermore, the matrix reconstruction method is adopted for the coupling of windings. Based on the time-varying characteristics of the model, an improved vector control method that can update the velocity-related correction coefficients through on-line calculation is proposed. During the transient process, the slip frequency and the torque current are modified in real-time to achieve the maximum output thrust of the motor. This approach can compensate for the thrust drop caused by the dynamic end effect, thereby improving the control precision. Simulations and experiments show that the related theory and the proposed control method are feasible and effective.