옥상 녹화용 방수층 일반부와 조인트부의 내근성 평가를 위한 시험장치 개발

표순주(Pyo Soon-Ju) 대한건축학회 2009 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.25 No.1

A penetrating needle into a membrane was first developed on the basis and lap joints of the observation of bamboo grass tips and lawn grass tips. Then, the penetrating load of the needle was measured for various waterproofing membranes at the needle displacement speed of 1㎜/min. These two types of grass were also planted in the containers, inside of which the waterproofing membranes were applied. After the rearing of 1 year, the membranes were inspected. The two results of each membrane type were compared. We were interested in the maximum strength and the strength at 1㎜ displacement. These values are considered to be useful as indices for the estimation of the waterproofing membranes' root resistance. The resistance of the membranes at lap joints having non adhesives and different bonding strengths was determined as a measure of its vulnerability to root penetration. Results from field tests indicated that bamboo grass tips (rhizome) easily penetrated lap joints of non?adhesive membranes. Hence it was evident that waterproofing membrane systems having nonadhesive overlapped joints do not provide adequate resistance to root penetration of the membrane. The resistance to root penetration is dependent on the adhesive strength of the lap joint. The specimens with lap joints having lower bonding strengths were readily penetrated by the rhizome. From this knowledge, a test method was developed to assess the expected resistance of membrane lap joints to the penetration of a needle. The needle, in essence, emulated the shape of bamboo grass tips. Thereafter, the test result from field test on the resistance of membrane to the penetration of roots were compared to those obtained from tests using a penetrating needle. Results from the penetrating needle test indicated that the resistance measured at a 10 ㎜ displacement of needle was effective means of evaluating the resistance of membrane lap joints to the penetration of roots.

Efficient Liposomal Nanocarrier-mediated Oligodeoxynucleotide Delivery Involving Dual Use of a Cell-Penetrating Peptide as a Packaging and Intracellular Delivery Agent

Saw, Phei Er,Ko, Young Tag,Jon, Sangyong WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Macromolecular Rapid Communications Vol.31 No.13

<P>The effective use of oligonucleotide therapeutics, such as antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), requires efficient delivery systems capable of intracellular penetration. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), including arginine-rich peptides, have been extensively studied as tools for enhancing intracellular uptake efficiency of various bioactive molecules, including nanoparticles and liposomes. CPPs also have an ability to form tight complexes with nucleic acids, such as ODNs and siRNAs, making CPPs effective as packaging agents. Here, we constructed a CPP-modified liposome loaded with complexes of nona-arginine (9R) and NF-κB decoy ODNs, and evaluated intracellular uptake and anticancer activity in vitro. We found that 9R/ODN complexes were efficiently loaded into liposomes that were effectively internalized into U87MG glioblastoma cells and sensitized cells to the effects of paclitaxel. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the dual use of 9R CPP as a cell penetrating and a complexing agent within a single nanoparticle.</P><P> <img src='wiley_img_2010/10221336-2010-31-13-MARC200900861-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/10221336-2010-31-13-MARC200900861-gra001'> </P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>A novel liposomal nanocarrier system composing oligoarginine (nonaarginine) as both complexation reagent and as cell penetrating peptide is presented. Nonaarginine, when complexed to oligonucleotide (ODN), greatly increase the encapsulation efficiency of ODN into the liposome (i.e., almost 100% encapsulation). When nonaargine is conjugated to the liposome, it functions as cell penetrating peptide that greatly enhances the uptake of our liposomal formulation in vitro. This 9R-LS holds great promise for a myriad of applications including higher loading of gene or drugs, enhanced cell transfection efficacy and can simultaneously used for tumor-specific targeted delivery in vivo. <img src='wiley_img_2010/10221336-2010-31-13-MARC200900861-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/10221336-2010-31-13-MARC200900861-content'> </P>

pH-controllable cell-penetrating polypeptide that exhibits cancer targeting

Lee, DaeYong,Noh, Ilkoo,Yoo, Jisang,Rejinold, N. Sanoj,Kim, Yeu-Chun Elsevier 2017 ACTA BIOMATERIALIA Vol.57 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Helical peptides were naturally-occurring ordered conformations that mediated various biological functions essential for biotechnology. However, it was difficult for natural helical polypeptides to be applied in biomedical fields due to low bioavailability. To avoid these problems, synthetic alpha-helical polypeptides have recently been introduced by further modifying pendants in the side chain. In spite of an attractive biomimetic helical motif, these systems could not be tailored for targeted delivery mainly due to nonspecific binding events. To address these issues, we created a conformation-transformable polypeptide capable of eliciting a pH-activated cell-penetrating property solely at the cancer region. The developed novel polypeptide showed that the bare helical conformation had a function at physiological conditions while the pH-induced helical motif provided an active cell-penetrating characteristic at a tumor extracellular matrix pH. The unusual conformation-transformable system can elicit bioactive properties exclusively at mild acidic pH.</P> <P><B>Statement of Significance</B></P> <P>We developed pH-controllable cell-penetrating polypeptides (PCCPs) undergoing pH-induced conformational transitions. Unlike natural cell-penetrating peptides, PCCPs was capable of penetrating the plasma membranes dominantly at tumor pH, driven by pH-controlled helicity. The conformation of PCCPs at neutral pH showed low helical propensity because of dominant electrostatic attractions within the side chains. However, the helicity of PCCPs was considerably augmented by the balance of electrostatic interactions, thereby inducing selective cellular penetration. Three polypeptides undergoing different conformational transitions were prepared to verify the selective cellular uptake influenced by their structures. The PCCP undergoing low-to-high helical conformation provided the tumor specificity and enhanced uptake efficiency. pH-induced conformation-transformable polypeptide might provide a novel platform for stimuli-triggered targeting systems.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Connecting Two 30Kc19α Monomers Using a Flexible Linker for Efficient Dimer Formation and Cell-penetration

Haein LEE,Hyeong Seok LEE,Seong-Hoon KIM,Soo Hee RYU,Tai Hyun PARK 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

When intracellular delivery of cell-impermeable drugs is available, new drugs can be developed for intracellular targets. 30Kc19 is a protein derived from silkworm hemolymph, with a cell-penetrating and cargo delivery properties. It has been found that 30Kc19 tends to dimerize at the cell surface and this dimerization is essential for cell-penetration. However, the formation of 30Kc19 dimers can be challenging for bulk cargo delivery or for in vivo delivery. 30Kc19α, the α-helical domain of 30Kc19, has a smaller size and higher cell-penetrating efficiency than 30Kc19. In this study, we developed 30Kc19α-Linker-30Kc19α by connecting two 30Kc19α with a flexible linker for efficient dimer formation and cell-penetration. Firstly, optimal peptide linker for dimerization was selected. We then compared the cargo delivery capacity of 30Kc19α and 30Kc19α-Linker-30Kc19α. It was confirmed that 30Kc19α-Linker-30Kc19α delivered GFP to HeLa cells with higher efficiency than 30Kc19α. In addition, in the tumor spheroid model, 30Kc19α-Linker-30Kc19α showed deeper tumor penetration. Therefore, we suggest that 30Kc19α-Linker-30Kc19α would be a potential vehicle for intracellular drug delivery.

Reduction in Water Permeability of a Penetrating-Sealer-Incorporated Liquid Deicer

마승환,양승찬,강은지,김호영 대한토목학회 2024 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.28 No.2

Various efforts have been made to minimize the corrosion damage of deicer. However, due to the nature of the deicer that needs to lower the freezing point, the concrete damage due to the repeated freeze-thaw cycle caused by the penetration of the deicer solution into the pores of the concrete could not be fundamentally suppressed. Therefore, a basic study was conducted to minimize the deterioration of concrete by suppressing the water permeability of the concrete surface with penetrating sealer incorporated deicer. Dynamic light scattering and zeta-potential analyses were performed to evaluate the mean diameter and degree of dispersion of the suspension in the aqueous solution of the prepared liquid deicer. Experiments confirmed the water permeability to be 44% – 58% that of the untreated control group, and the mass of certain concrete specimens after freeze–thaw cycling tests tended to increase. In addition to the reduction in water permeability, in this study, an increase in the mass of the specimen in repeated freeze thaw cycle was confirmed, which is Liquid deicers with penetrating sealers have the potential to improve the durability and reduce the deterioration of concrete.

근육 모델이 고려된 두부 및 경추 유한요소모델을 이용한 비관통 피탄 충격에 의한 인체 상해 해석

강문정(Moon Jeong Kang),조영남(Young Nam Jo),채제욱(Jeawook Chae),유홍희(Hong Hee Yoo) 대한기계학회 2017 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.41 No.1

헬멧을 착용한 병사의 비관통 피탄 충격은 총탄이 헬멧을 관통하지 않더라도 인체에 치명적인 상해를 유발한다. 이로 인한 인체 상해 해석을 위한 연구들이 이뤄져 왔으나 주로 두부의 손상에 초점을 맞춘 해석 모델이 개발되어 왔다. 비관통 피탄 충격에 의한 경추 및 경추부 관련 근육의 손상은 인체에 치명적인 상해를 입히지 않더라도 병사의 생존성에 상당한 영향을 미친다. 따라서 경추 및 경추부 근육을 포함한 모델 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 기존에 연구된 두부 모델과 근육 모델이 적용된 경추부 모델을 활용하여 인체의 상해해석을 수행하였다. 정량적 상해예측을 위해 응력, 변형률 및 HIC를 비교하였다. 경추부가 포함된 모델의 해석결과는 두부 모델만 고려된 해석결과보다 상해 정도를 작게 예측하였다. 모델의 신뢰성 확보를 위하여 두부 상해 해석 결과를 타 문헌과 비교하였다. Ballistic impact on a soldier wearing a helmet can induce fatal injury, even if the helmet is not penetrated. Although studies on this type of injury have been performed, most of them have used an analytical model focused on head injury only. The injury of the neck muscles and cervical vertebrae by non-penetrating ballistic impact affects the survivability of soldiers, despite not inflicting fatal injury to the human body. Therefore, an analytical model of the head and neck muscles are necessary. In this study, an analysis of human body injury using the previously developed head model, as well as a cervical model with muscles, was performed. For the quantitative prediction of injury, the stress, strain, and HIC were compared. The results from the model including the cervical system indicated a lower extent of injury than the results from the model excluding them. The results of head injury were compared with other references for reliability.

Pruning Severity Affecing Shoot Growth and Fruiting in Dwarf Apple Trees

Lee, Jae-Young,Kim, Yong-Koo,Han, Hyun-Hee,Jung, Hae-Wung 경희대학교식량자원개발연구소 2005 硏究論文集 Vol.24 No.-

왜성사과나무에서 수체 생리에 대한 전정의 영향을 강도에 따라 비교하는 시험을 수행하였다. 절단전정에 의한 신초 선단부의 제거는 남아있는 부분에서 신초의 생장과 측지의 발생을 촉진시켰다. 전정 강도가 증가함에 따라 신초의 생장과 측지의 발생은 더욱 촉진되었다. 절단전정은 엽밀도와 엽생체중에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나 절단전정은 엽면적과 엽건물중을 증가시켰다. 절단전정은 또한 수관 내 광환경에도 영향을 미쳤으며 특히, 절단전정은 광투과율을 저하시켰다. 또한 절단전정은 수체의 영양생장 뿐만 아니라 생식생장에도 영향을 미쳤다. 즉, 절단전정을 하지 않은 신초는 보다 높은 밀도와 양호한 품질의 화아를 발생시켰다. 결실밀도 역시 전정방법에 영향을 받았으며 절단전정을 하지 않은 신초에서 높은 결실밀도와 보다 양호한 과실품질의 결과를 얻었다. A practical comparison was conducted to observe the pruning effects on the physiology of dwarf apple tree according to different seventies. Removing the shoot tip by heading-back pruning stimulated longer shoot growth and more emergences of laterals in the remained parts. As the pruning severity was increased, the growth and the emergences were more stimulated. Although heading-back pruning could not affect leaf dry weight as well as leaf density, the pruning might increase mean leaf area and water content in leaves. Pruning also affected the light environment in canopy and it was clear that heading-back pruning decreased the light penetrating. Additionally, pruning affected not only vegetative growth but also fruiting. For example, the un-pruned shoots showed higher emerging density and better quality of flower buds. Fruiting density was also affected by pruning methods and the higher fruiting density and fruit size were observed in the shoots without heading-back pruning.

Cell- and nuclear-penetrating anti-dsDNA autoantibodies have multiple arginines in CDR3 of VH and increase cellular level of pERK and Bcl-2 in mesangial cells

Im, S.R.,Im, S.W.,Chung, H.Y.,Pravinsagar, P.,Jang, Y.J. Pergamon Press 2015 Molecular immunology Vol.67 No.2

Investigation of characteristics of cell- and nuclear-penetrating anti-double stranded (ds)DNA autoantibodies (autoAbs) is important to understand pathogenesis of lupus nephritis, but has not been clearly explored. The present study reports that three anti-dsDNA monoclonal autoAbs, which contain more than two arginine residues in their CDR3s of variable heavy domain (VH), penetrated into living murine mesangial cells and the cell nuclei. However, an anti-dsDNA monoclonal Ab (mAb) having only one arginine in the CDR3-VH did not penetrate cells. To assess the contribution of antigen-binding sites, especially the VH, in cell- and nuclear-penetration, we evaluated the characteristics of recombinant single chain Fv(scFv), VH, and variable light domain (VL) of a penetrating mAb. The scFv and VH domain, containing arginine in CDR3-VH maintained the ability to penetrate cells and the cell nuclei, whereas the VL domain, having no arginine in CDR3, did not penetrate cells. The penetratingm Abs, scFv, and VH activated ERK and increased cellular protein levels of Bcl-2, whereas the non-penetrating Ab and VL did not. The cell survival was decreased by the penetrating mAbs, scFv and VH, not by the non-penetrating mAb and VL. The data indicate that an antigen-binding site is required for cell-penetration and that positively-charged arginine residues in CDR3-VH contribute to the cell- and nuclear-penetrating ability of a subset of anti-dsDNA autoAbs. Furthermore,the nuclear-penetrating anti-dsDNA autoAbs could possibly function as a pathogenic factor for lupus nephritis by up-regulating ERK activation and Bcl-2 production in mesangial cells. The cell- and nuclear-penetrating VH domain may be exploited as a vehicle for the intra cellular delivery of various useful molecules.

분쇄기에 의한 얼굴 관통창 1례

강진아 ( Jin Ah Kang ),김강호 ( Kang Ho Kim ),백진휘 ( Jin Hui Paik ),홍대영 ( Dae Young Hong ),김지혜 ( Ji Hye Kim ),이경미 ( Kyoung Mi Lee ),김준식 ( Jun Sig Kim ),한승백 ( Seung Baik Han ) 대한외상학회 2006 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.19 No.1

Penetrating facial wounds are uncommon and are usually life threatening because of the possibility of brain damage. There are three possible pathways for penetrating the cranium through the orbit: via the orbital roof, via the superior orbital fissure, or between the optic canal and lateral wall of the orbit. Brain injuries resulting from the penetrating wounds show extensive parenchymal damage, hemorrhage, and brain edema. Transorbital penetrating wounds can lead to diverse lesions of the optical apparatus, including the eye globe, the optical nerve, and the chiasm. Moreover, intracerebral structures may be hurt, and bleeding and infection may occur. Early diagnosis and prompt debridement are the fundamental factors affecting the outcome of a penetrating facial wound. An 87-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with a grinder impacted into the medial aspect of the right eye. On presentation, the man was fully conscious with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 and complained of a visual disturbance of the right eye. Computed tomography demonstrated a right orbital medial and inferior wall fracture, a frontal bone fracture, and a contusional hemorrhage in frontal lobe of the brain. A craniotomy with hematoma removal and repair of the orbital floor was done. He showed no neurological deficits except right visual loss. This appears to be the first report of a man with a penetrating facial wound caused by a grinder, who presented with a potentially disastrous craniocerebral injury that did not lead to any serious neurological seguelae. (K Korean Soc Traumatol 2006;19:89-92)

관통성 경부 손상에 관한 임상적 고찰

최환,홍석진,김연수,조재구,백승국,우정수,정광윤,권순영,Choe, Hwan,Hong, Seok-Jin,Kim, Yeon-Soo,Cho, Jae-Gu,Baek, Seung-Kuk,Woo, Jeong-Soo,Jung, Kwang-Yoon,Kwon, Soon-Young 대한기관식도과학회 2010 大韓氣管食道科學會誌 Vol.16 No.2

Background: Penetrating neck injuries are potentially dangerous and require emergency management because of the presence of vital structures in the neck. The risk of airway, vascular, neurological, and pharyngoesophageal injuries leads to many difficult diagnostic decisions. The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate our experience with management of penetrating neck injuries, and to assess treatment outcome. Material and Method: Forty-two consecutive patients were identified (26 patients from Korea university Ansan hospital, 16 patients from Guro hospital) as having penetrating neck injuries from 2003 to 2009. With review of medical records, variables were collected and evaluated including the location of injury, mechanism of injury, number of significant injuries, diagnostic modalities, duration of hospital stay and outcome. Results: The location of injury was zone I (lower neck) in 13 cases (31%), zone II (midportion of the neck) in 22 (52%), and zone III (upper neck) in 7 (17%). Injuries were caused by stab wounds in 23 patients, penetrating foreign bodies in 12. Among 35 patients who had deep injuries that violated the platysma, significant injuries, including major vascular (20), trachea (5) Pharyngoesophageal injuries (5) were identified in 24 patients. The mean hospital stay was 9.5 days. Conclusion: The penetrating trauma in the neck may show various degrees of severity. However, Cervical penetrating injury should not be underestimated in spite of the minimal width of the lesion.