독성화학 물질에 대한 Hydroxides, Oxides, 킬레이트 Cu(tmen)계 화합물의 분해효과

윤여홍 ( Yun Yeo Hong ),최향희 ( Choe Hyang Hui ),정성택 ( Jeong Seong Taeg ),최순자 ( Choe Sun Ja ) 한국공업화학회 2003 공업화학 Vol.14 No.8

독성화학 물질인 sarin, V-agent 및 mustard에 대한 hydroxide계(NaOH, Na₂CO₃, NH₄OH), oxides계(H₂O₂, MMPP, oxone, DCCA), Cu 킬레이트계(Cu(tmen)) 화합물의 농도와 시간에 따른 독성분해 효과를 연구하였다. Hydroxide계 독성분해 물질의 농도범위에 대한 sarin의 분해효율은 NaOH의 효과가 매우 우수한 반면, Na₂CO₃와 NH₄OH의 독성분해 효과는 미미했다. 시간에 따른 분해효율에서 sarin에 대하여 NaOH는 반응초기에 분해효율 92%를 나타낸 반면, V-agent에 대한 NaOH와 sarin에 대한 Na₂CO₃는 반응시간 30 min 이내에 90~100%까지의 증가를 보였다. Sarin에 대한 산화제계 물질의 분해효율은 낮은 반면에 V-agent에 대해서는 비교적 높게 나타났다. 또한 MMPP는 mustard에 대하여 매우 우수한 독성분해 물질로 나타났다. 농도와 시간에 따른 Cu 킬레이트 화합물의 분해효율은 sarin, V-agent, 그리고 mustard에 대해 전반적으로 미약했다. 결국 sarin은 NaOH, V-agent는 MMPP와 DCCA, 그리고 mustard는 MMPP로 독성분해 효율이 크게 나타나 기존에 사용되던 STB나 DS-2를 대체할 수 있었으며, 대부분의 독성분해는 반응초기에 이루어지고 있음이 밝혀졌다. The resolving effect of hydroxides (NaOH, Na_(2)CO_(3), NH_(4)OH), oxides (H_(2)O_(2), Oxone and DCCA) and Cu-chelate (Cu(tmen)) series of compounds on the toxic chemicals, such as sarin, V-agent and mustard were investigated in terms of the concentration and reaction time of the decontamination materials. The toxicity resolving effect of NaOH along the concentration variance on sarin exhibited superior, while that effect of the rest of the materials exhibited poor. According to the reaction time, the resolving effect of NaOH on sarin reached to 92% in the beginning of the reaction, while the effect of NaOH on V-agent and that of Na_(2)CO_(3) on sarin gradually increased up to 90∼100% within 30 min. The resolving effect of all oxides compounds on sarin exhibits negligible, but that on V-agent is relatively high. In particular, MMPP is one of the most effective agents for mustard. Regarding on the reaction time, the most effective reaction is accomplished within few minutes. The resolving effect of Cu-chelate compounds along the concentration and the reaction time on sarin, V-agent, and mustard is all relatively negligible. Thus. the best decontamination chemical agents are NaOH and MMPP for sarin and mustard, respectively, whereas MMPP and DCCA are the best for V-agent. Thus STB and DS-2 of which the commercial decontamination agents, may be replaced by NaOH, MMPP, or DCCA for resolving toxic chemicals. In addition, the resolving effect of the above toxicity resolving effect occurred immediately as the two materials reacted.

전해수를 2제로 사용한 정상모의 디지털 퍼머넌트 웨이브 연구

강주희 ( Ju Hee Kang ),강상모 ( Mo Kang Sang ) 한국미용학회 2015 한국미용학회지 Vol.21 No.4

This paper executed the test for suggesting of electrolysis water as the alternative for the oxidizing agent in the digital perm of normal hair. Hydrogen peroxide, purified water, alkaline electrolysis water and acidic electrolysis water were used as the oxidizing agent at the treatment temperature of 80oC and 100oC during the digital perm process. And shaping and sustaining power of waves were measured to identify the possibility as the alternative of oxidizing agent. And the followings are the results on the analysis on the hair thickness, hair density measured by absorbance using MB dyeing method, tensile strength test. Shaping power of waves was the same in hydrogen peroxide and alkaline electrolysis water at 100oC and acidic electrolysis water showed slightly loose wave. Sustaining power of waves, alkaline electrolysis water showed slightly loose 0.50% in hydrogen peroxide, shampooing 30 times. The followings are the results on the analysis on the hair thickness, hair density measured by absorbance using MB dyeing method, in shampooing 30 times after the digital perm. Alkaline electrolysis water and acidic electrolysis water as compared with hydrogen peroxide was more thick 2.43%, 3.94%, less than 54.65%, 55.26%. Tensile strength test was more than 12.31%, 13.85%. Electrolysis water was the most prevent damage to the hair. Therefore alkaline electrolysis water was good to shaping and sustaining power of waves can be for the oxidizing agent and that hair was also protected in the same way as the alternative for the oxidizing agent in the digital perm of normal hair.

Effect of Native Oxide on Polycrystalline Silicon CMP

Woonki Shin,Hanchul Cho,Hojun Lee,정해도 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.54 No.3

The polycrystalline silicon Chemical Mechanical Polishing process is performed by using a hybrid chemical reaction and mechanical abrasion. A native oxide on the polysilicon surface was found to have affected the CMP results. This paper describes the effect of the native oxide on polysilicon CMP and the variation in the polishing characteristics with the concentration of the alkaline agent (potassium hydroxide, KOH). During CMP, the high-frequency friction force was simultaneously measured by using a CMP monitoring system to understand the polysilicon CMP characteristics. The result showed that the removal rate of polysilicon increased with the alkaline agent concentra- tion. However, the analyzed data from the CMP monitoring system showed that the initial friction signal had transition region during polysilicon polishing, resulting from the native oxide. To remove the native oxide on polysilicon, the authors performed a BOE (buffered oxide etch) treatment. After the native oxide on Polysilicon had been removed, the transition region was no longer found and higher material removal could be achieved. Consequently, we found that the removal of polysilicon was restricted by the native oxide, which was influenced by the alkaline agent. The polycrystalline silicon Chemical Mechanical Polishing process is performed by using a hybrid chemical reaction and mechanical abrasion. A native oxide on the polysilicon surface was found to have affected the CMP results. This paper describes the effect of the native oxide on polysilicon CMP and the variation in the polishing characteristics with the concentration of the alkaline agent (potassium hydroxide, KOH). During CMP, the high-frequency friction force was simultaneously measured by using a CMP monitoring system to understand the polysilicon CMP characteristics. The result showed that the removal rate of polysilicon increased with the alkaline agent concentra- tion. However, the analyzed data from the CMP monitoring system showed that the initial friction signal had transition region during polysilicon polishing, resulting from the native oxide. To remove the native oxide on polysilicon, the authors performed a BOE (buffered oxide etch) treatment. After the native oxide on Polysilicon had been removed, the transition region was no longer found and higher material removal could be achieved. Consequently, we found that the removal of polysilicon was restricted by the native oxide, which was influenced by the alkaline agent.

철근콘크리트흄관 라이닝용 니켈계 방균제의 기초적 특성 연구

조영국 한국건축시공학회 2010 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.10 No.4

It has been continuously noted that many sewage treatment concrete structures have deteriorated due to sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. There have been many reports on approaches to protecting concrete from this bacteria corrosion. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the inhibition of growth of a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium by a antifungal agent such as NiSO4·6H2O, and the characteristics of polymer cement mortar using nickel type antifungal agent. First, we developed antifungal agents using metal nickel and NiSO4·6H2O to inhibit the growth of thiobacillus novellus, which is the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in concrete. Then,ordinary cement mortar and polymer cement mortar using nickel type antifungal agent with various polymer-cement ratios, and antifungal agent content were prepared, and were tested for the antifungal adding effect, compressive and flexural strengths,expansion and leaching of nickel ion. From the test results, it was confirmed that the adding of an antifungal agent has an inhibition effect on the growth of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria at antifungal agent contents of 20 mM or more. In addition, the strengths and expansion of polymer cement mortars are not significantly changed by the addition of an antifungal agent. Therefore, the nickel-type antifungal agent developed in this study can be used to improve the durability of reinforced concrete hume pipe in the construction industry. 본 연구는 철근콘크리트 흄관의 내구성을 개선시킬 목적으로 흄관 내부에 폴리머 시멘트 모르타르로 라이닝 처리한 부분에 황산니켈 6수화물을 혼입시켜, 하수용으로 사용되는 철근콘크리트 흄관의 열화에 크게 영향을 미치는 황산화 세균의 번식을 억제하기 위하여 실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 황산화세균의 증식을 억제시키기 위하여 황산니켈6수화물의 농도에 따른 성능을 평가하였으며, 방균제에 함유된 황산이온이 시멘트 모르타르의 팽창요인 되어 역학적성질에 영향을 미칠 수 있기 때문에 팽창성 시험과, 니켈의중금속의 용출로 환경오염은 물론 흄관의 내구성에 영향을미치기 때문에 용출시험도 실시하였다. 본 연구 결과, 니켈계 방균제가 시멘트 콘크리트의 부식균인 Thiobacillus novellus의 증식을 억제하기 위해서는20mM 이상을 사용하여야 효과가 있는 것으로 평가되었으며, 방균제를 혼입한 시멘트 모르타르의 압축강도 및 휨강도는 방균제의 혼입여부에 따라 크게 영향을 받지 않았다. 또한 방균제 혼입에 따른 특별한 팽창현상은 발견되지 않았으며, 모든 종류의 시멘트 모르타르에서 니켈성분이 전혀용출되지 않았다. 본 연구를 통하여 철근콘크리트 흄관의 내구성 개선을위하여, 흄관 내부의 라이닝과 함께 방균제를 혼입한다면,두가지 방식재료의 성능이 서로 보완효과를 일으킬 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

1P-289 Preparation and Characterization of Anti-oxidant agent-encapsulated Chitosan Microsphere for Effective Removal of Reactive Oxygen Species

홍웅길,남충현,안준혁,정경원,박준규,나재운 한국공업화학회 2017 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2017 No.1

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been caused to life-span due to many diseases and aging. The anti-oxidant (AO) used for the removal of ROS has a potential such as Anti-allergic, anti-oxide, anti-cancer effective and Low toxic. However, the disadvantages of AO is that it has a low bioavailability in the body. Therefore, we developed to natural anti-oxidant-encapsulated chitosan microsphere by spray dry method. Its chemical structure was analyzed by ¹H-NMR and FT-IR. In addition, morphological property of anti-oxidant agent-encapsulated chitosan microsphere (AECM) was analyzed by SEM and It showed to spherical shape. Beside, particle size of AECM was confirmed to 2 ~ 5 ㎛. Moreover, its cytotoxicity was accomplished by MTT assay. Additionally, encapsulation of anti-oxidant from AECM was confirmed by UV-vis spectrophotometer. These results suggest that AECM can be effectively removed ROS as an antioxidant with low toxicity and improved bioavailability. (NRF-2016H1D5A1910499).

탈색모 산성펌 시술 시 2제로 전해수 처리에 의한 모발의 펌 효과

한미림 ( Mi Rim Han ),최은정 ( Eun Jeong Choi ),강상모 ( Sang Mo Kang ) 한국미용학회 2015 한국미용학회지 Vol.21 No.6

This study did experiment on whether it``s possible to use electro-analyzed water as the second agent in acid perm procedure of bleached hair. In the middle of the preocess of acid perm procedure, this study compared the formation ability and sustaining strength of wave consequent on the processing time(5 min, 10min, and 15min) after doing treatment of hydrogen peroxide, acid electrolyzed water and alkaline electrolyzed water as the second agent. In the processing time(5minutes) for wave formation ability, alkaline electrolyzed water and hydrogen peroxide were found to be the same, but in the 5-minute processing time, the wave formation ability of alkaline electrolyzed water showed a better result than hydrogen peroxide while acid electrolyzed water fell behind the other two groups. In case of sustaining strength, it was found that alkaline electrolyzed water showed a good result in 15-time & 30-time shampooing while acid electrolyzed water fell a little more behind the alkaline electrolyzed water, and these sorts of electro-analyzed water showed the usability as the second agent, and this study confirmed alkaline electorlyzed water could be replaced with the second agent. After the acid perm procedure, hair thickness in alkaline electrolyzed water was found to become thicker than the hydrogen peroxide group, and the dptical density of methylene bule dyeing method was low wshile its tensile strength was high. Accordingly, this study confirmed that the alkaline electrolyzed water, whose wave formation ability and sustaining strength were good through the replacement as the second agent in acid perm procedure of bleached hair, could be used as the second agent, and the perm gave noticeably less damage to hair.

산성펌 시술 시 산화제 대체제인 산성전해수와 염기성전해수 처리에 의한 모발의 펌 효과

한미림 ( Mi Rim Han ),강상모 ( Sang Mo Kang ) 한국미용학회 2015 한국미용학회지 Vol.21 No.4

This study did experiment on whether it``s possible to use electro-analysed water as a substitute for neutralizing agent like bromate & peroxide(hereinafter, referred to as ``the second agent``)in the acid perm procedure of normal hair. This study compared the formation ability and sustaining strength of the wave consequent on the processing time(5 min, 10min, and 15min)after doing treatment of hydrogen peroxide, acid electrolyzed water and alkaline electrolyzed water as the second agent in the middle of the process of doing acid perm. As a result, the wave formation ability was found to be better in hydrogen peroxide group on the whole than in alkaline electrolyzed water. The wave formation ability in 15-minute processing time was found to be better in hydrogen peroxide group, but it showed the same result to the naked eye as there was less difference from alkaline electrolyzed water while the formation ability of acid electrolyzed water fell behind them. In case of sustaining strength, it was found that alkaline electrolyzed water slightly fell behind the hydrogen peroxide group in 15-time shampooing while in 30-time shampooing, and all three groups came close to the length of the original state of hair with hardly any curls left, through which this study confirmed that three sorts of electro-analyzed water showed the usability as the second agent, and alkaline electrolyzed water could be replaced with the second agent. After the acid perm procedure, this study found out that hair in alkaline electrolyzed water became thicker than in hydrogen peroxide, and its dptical density through methylene bule dyeing method was low while tensile strength was high. Accordingly, this study confirmed that in acid perm of normal hair, alkaline electrolyzed water, which showed good performance of wave formation ability and even sustaining strength as the substitute for the second agent, can be used as the second agent, and in this case, the damage to hair through the perm procedure noticeably decreased.

2,4,6-Collidinium Dichromate에 의한 알코올의 산화 특성 연구

김선일,한종수,나재운 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 1991 生産技術硏究 Vol.13 No.1

2, 4, 6-Collidinium dichromate(CDC) is more, stable. nonhygroscopic, and milder than other chromium(VI)oxidants. The new oxidant was characterized via rate of oxidation. CDC with pyridinium P-toluenesulfonate(PPTS) in dichloromethane was effective in oxidation of allylic, benzylic, and secondary alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds at room temperature. while CDC alone did not oxidize above alcohols. Oxidation of ally lie and benzylic alcohols progressed more repididly than that of secondary alcohols. When molecular sieve(MS)was added to the CDC-PPTS system, rate of oxidation and yields increased. Saturated aliphatic primary alcohols were decomposed in two system, CDC-PPTS and CDC-PPTS system added MS. The oxidation selectivity of CDC-PPTS system was increased about 1.75 times than that of PDC-PPTS system.

A study on the Morphological Changes of Hair after Treatment with Neutral Oxidative Dyeing Agent

Jang-Soon Park 한국융합학회 2020 한국융합학회논문지 Vol.11 No.7

아름다움을 추구하려는 외모의 중대성이 부각됨에 따라 모발 염색을 포함한 미용 산업의 시장규모도 점점 커지고 있다. 헤어살롱에서 보편적으로 사용되는 산화염모제를 지속적으로 시술할 경우 모발 손상은 피할 수 없게 되므 로 중명도 산화염모제를 시술한 모발의 형태학적 변화에 관하여 연구하였다. 실험결과 control과 6N-7N 실험군 간에 Max. load, Max. stress, Max. elongation, Break load, Break stress, Break elongation, strain 구간에 따른 Max. modulus 및 Tangential modulus는 유의적인 차이를 보였다. Max. load, Max. stress, Max. elongation, Break load, Break stress 및 Break elongation은 모두 대조군이 가장 높은 값으로 나타났으며, 실험군의 처리에 따른 유의적으로 감소하는 경향은 보이지 않았다. strain 평가구간에 따른 Max. modulus와 Tangential modulus는 대조군과 실험군 간에 차이가 있음에도 일정하게 증가하거나 감소하는 경향이 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구를 통해 모발손상을 최소화하는 산화염모제 개발 연구의 기초자료 제공 및 헤어디자이너들의 산화염모제와 모발 건강과의 상관관계 이해를 위한 초석을 다지고자 한다. As the importance of the beauty to pursue beauty comes to the fore, the market size of hairdressing industry including hair dyeing is getting bigger. In case of continuously applying an oxidative dyeing agent commonly used in hair salons, as hair damage is inevitable, we investigated morphological changes of hair treated with a neutral oxidative dyeing agent. In the experiment results, Between the control and the 6N-7N experimental groups, there was a significant difference in Max. modulus and Tangential modulus according to Max. load, Max. stress, Max. elongation, Break load, Break stress, Break elongation, and strain section. There were the highest values in Max. load, Max. stress, Max. elongation, Break load, Break stress and Break elongation in the control group, and there was no tendency to decrease significantly according to the treatment of the experimental group. Max. modulus and Tangential modulus according to the strain evaluation section did not show a tendency to increase or decrease constantly, although there was a difference between the control and experimental groups. This study attempts to provide basic data for the development of oxidative dyeing agent that minimizes hair damage and to establish the foundation for understanding the correlation between hair designers' oxidative dyeing agent and hair health.

A study on the Morphological Changes of Hair after Treatment with Neutral Oxidative Dyeing Agent

박장순 한국융합학회 2020 한국융합학회논문지 Vol.11 No.7

As the importance of the beauty to pursue beauty comes to the fore, the market size of hairdressing industry including hair dyeing is getting bigger. In case of continuously applying an oxidative dyeing agent commonly used in hair salons, as hair damage is inevitable, we investigated morphological changes of hair treated with a neutral oxidative dyeing agent. In the experiment results, Between the control and the 6N-7N experimental groups, there was a significant difference in Max. modulus and Tangential modulus according to Max. load, Max. stress, Max. elongation, Break load, Break stress, Break elongation, and strain section. There were the highest values in Max. load, Max. stress, Max. elongation, Break load, Break stress and Break elongation in the control group, and there was no tendency to decrease significantly according to the treatment of the experimental group. Max. modulus and Tangential modulus according to the strain evaluation section did not show a tendency to increase or decrease constantly, although there was a difference between the control and experimental groups. This study attempts to provide basic data for the development of oxidative dyeing agent that minimizes hair damage and to establish the foundation for understanding the correlation between hair designers' oxidative dyeing agent and hair health.