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유엔의 ‘한국 문제’ 연례 토의의 기원: 1953~1954년 미국・인도의 외교적 경합을 중심으로
류기현 한국역사연구회 2024 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.131
Examined in this article is the historical origin of the practice of discussing the ‘Korean Question’ at the U.N. General Assembly. Such discussions began as an effort to deal with the issues pertaining to the unification of the Korean peninsula, after the cease of the Korean War in 1953, and continued ever since almost as an international convention through the mid-1970s. This study is also based upon a perspective that strives to ascertain the nature of the global Cold War history, with a specific focus on the role and presence of the Third World, in the historic formation of the Cold War itself. What I would like to prove in this article is the fact that India played a pivotal role in U.N. taking a more active and long-term interventive stance regarding the Korean peninsula situation ever since the Armistice in 1953. In the 1950s, India was the leader of the newly liberated countries and had a considerable amount of diplomatic influence. It maintained a stance of non- alignment and neutrality, and joined the U.N. discussion of the Korean matter in a prominent fashion. Ever since the Korean War, India actively participated in all debates pertaining to the Korean peninsula held at U.N., and after the Armistice also attempted to join the Geneva Political Conference(1954), voicing its opinion regarding the Korean issue. After the Geneva talks failed India argued for the resuming of talks, and even called for a more aggressive approach to be taken outside the U.N. to resolve the Korean problem. In response, U.S. maintained its position which favored a resolution through the U.N. With the U.S. and India competing with each other diplomatically in 1953 and 1954, U.N.‘s discussion of the Korean issue was literally institutionalized, and became an established practice. Later in the 1960s, however, when the Third World continued to enlarge while the Non-alignment movement was also expanding, the frame for U.N.’s debate of the Korean situation shifted fundamentally. In retrospect, India’s diplomatic challenge to the U.S. authority in 1953~1954 was indeed the catalyst for such shifting.
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