『황제내경』의 저자는 누구인가?: 그들의 신분·계급 그리고 정치적 이념

송석모 ( Seokmo Song ),이상룡 ( Sang-ryong Lee ) 경락경혈학회 2017 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.34 No.2

Objectives : The purpose of this paper is to clarify the social characteristics of the authors of Huangdi Neijing such as status, class, and political ideology. Methods : We analyze the Neijing text and the social order and historical situations in the Han dynasty. Results : Some authors of the Neijing were the local medical officers whose salary was 100∼400shi. Their positions were medical craftsmen(yigong) or chief medical craftsmen(yigongchang). They would have published the Neijing after the administrative reforms(146-145 BCE) that began after the suppression of the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms. The bureaucrat yigong(chang) would have expected to participate in the public health policy of the empire or kingdom as an acupuncture expert. They would have also expected to contribute to the welfare and health of the privileged intellectual group and the public, hoping to ascend in status and class. Conclusions : By investigating the social characteristics of the authors who composed the Neijing, its various aspects would be newly understood.

病機19條에 관하여 ≪醫學心悟≫가 ≪黃帝內經≫과 다른 세 가지 論點에 관한 考察

전찬용 대한한방내과학회 2023 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.44 No.6

Objective: The 19 Mechanisms of Disease were first described in Huangdi Neijing. When examining Yixuexinwu, three descriptions that were different from Huangdi Neijing were found. Methods and Results: After examining the two books, three differences in the description of the 19 Mechanisms of Disease were discovered: 1) The upper and lower locations of dyspnea (喘症) are reversed. 2) The ratio of provisions for “fire (火)” and “cold (寒)” is different. 3) The organ affiliation for pain is different. Conclusion: 1) The upper and lower locations of dyspnea (喘症) are reversed. : Regarding external contraction dyspnea (外感喘), Yixuexinwu used the disease of the upper location (lung 上, 肺) in the same way as in Huangdi Neijing. In terms of internal damage (內傷喘), it was separately classified as a disease of the lower location (kidney 下, 腎). 2) The ratio of provisions for “fire (火)” and “cold (寒)” is different. : Arithmetically, if you round off the number after calculating the fraction, the difference between the two ratios becomes the same. Theoretically, five provisions of “fire” are replaced by four provisions of “heat (熱)”, and the difference in ratios is exactly the same. Empirically, it emphasizes that there are more illnesses from fire and heat than from cold. 3) The organ affiliation for pain is different. : Huangdi Neijing described general inflammatory pain, while the Yixuexinwu described only stress-related abdominal pain (肝木乘脾 腹痛).

황제내경 의 여섯 가지 합리성

송석모 경락경혈학회 2025 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.42 No.2

Objectives : This study aims to elucidate the rational dimensions of Huangdi Neijing, a foundational text of ancient Chinese medicine. Methods : A qualitative textual analysis was conducted on key chapters of Huangdi Neijing, including Suwen and Lingshu. The study identified six dimensions of rationality—worldview of nature as cosmos, disenchantment, theoretical rationality, practical rationality, comprehensive systematization, and lifestyle rationalization—through a philological approach. To minimize bias, the analysis focused on primary texts while excluding secondary interpretive frameworks. Comparative analysis with contemporaneous texts was avoided to emphasize Neijing’s intrinsic rationality. Results : The analysis demonstrated how Huangdi Neijing constructs a rational medical system. The worldview of nature as cosmos serves as the foundation for all rationalities by enabling rational understanding of, prediction of, and practice in relation to nature, humanity, and disease. Disenchantment is evident in its rejection of magic and supernatural elements such as gods, spirits, and ghosts. Theoretical rationality manifests in abstract concepts (e.g., nourishing qi, protecting qi, exterior and interior, root and tip) and frameworks (e.g., disease etiology, lifecycle theory). Practical rationality is demonstrated through examples such as treatments based on environmental and lifestyle factors and practical concepts used in pulse diagnostics. The text’s comprehensive systematization integrates anatomy, pathology, diagnostics, and regimen. This reflects the effort to rationalize medicine as a discipline. Lifestyle rationalization organizes daily life (e.g., sleep, physical activity, dress, ethical attitude) according to seasonal changes, extending health management beyond the limitations of treatment. Conclusions : These features evident in the Neijing indicate that its medical system is fundamentally rational. Traditional scholarly emphasis on correlative thinking requires reexamination in light of these rational dimensions.

《黃帝內經》成書的西漢文化背景

장등본 ( Zhang Dengben ) 대한한의학원전학회 2013 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Huangdi Neijing was completed during the several decades after Shijiand before Qilue, whose main content draws from the medical achievements of Qin and Han Dynasty, and is deeply influenced by Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism of Qin and Han Dynasty. What creates the profound impact on its construction of medical theories are the thoughts of this period, such as “Valuing life”, “people”, “Valuing Yang”, “Valuing earth”, “the Heaven theory”, “the Unity of Man and Nature”, and the important works of this period, such as Huai Nan Zi, Chun Qiu Fan Lu, Shiji. Even the astronomy, calendar and medical achievements of this period are the basic material absorbed into the theories of Huangdi Neijing.

《黃帝內經》“藏象”理論對現代中醫美容的啓示

김효철 ( Hyochul Kim ) 인문사회 21 2019 인문사회 21 Vol.10 No.2

As an important thinking mode of Chinese traditional excellent culture, Tibetan image theory is also fully embodied in the classic Huangdi Neijing. By investigating the various chapters of Huangdi Neijing, this paper analyses and discusses the aspects of human physiology, pathology, syndrome differentiation, treatment and health care, and finds that the theoretical model of Tibetan phenomena has important value and reference significance for the study of traditional Chinese medicine cosmetology, as well as enlightenment for the study of human body cosmetology, the differentiation and treatment of cosmetology and health care. The conclusion of this study shows that the traditional study of the viscera theory in Huangdi Neijing is the source of the research on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine cosmetology, and will promote the inheritance, innovation and development of traditional Chinese medicine cosmetology.

『황제내경』에 나타난 불면증의 인식

김종두 동방문화대학원대학교 자연치유재활복지연구소(구 동방문화대학원대학교 자연치유연구소) 2025 자연치유연구 Vol.10 No.1

본 연구는 『황제내경』에 나타난 불면증에 대한 인식을 체계적으로 분석하였다. 『황제내경』은 불면증을 전체적인 신체 균형의 문제로 인식하며, 사기의 침입과 위기 순환 장애, 기혈의 허약, 장부 기능 실조, 정지 변동 등을 주요 병리기전으로 제시한다. 이는 현대 의학의 심신 상관성 이론과 연결되며, 전인적이고 통 합적인 접근의 중요성을 강조한다. 연구 결과, 『황제내경』의 불면증 인식이 현대 의학에 중요한 통찰을 제공하며, 오장의 기능, 기혈의 균형, 정신적 요인 등이 수면에 미치는 영향을 상세히 설명하고 있음을 확인하였다. 특히, 정신적, 감정적 건강의 중요성을 강조하며, 이를 전반적인 건강 유지의 근본으로 보고 있다. 본 연구는 동서양 의학의 통합적 접근을 통해 불면증에 대한 더 깊은 이해와 효과적인 치료 방법을 모색하는 데 기여할 수 있으며, 현대 의학에서 불면증 치료에 있어 보다 포괄적인 접근 방식의 필요성을 제시한다. This study systematically analyzes the perception of insomnia as presented in Huangdi Neijing. Huangdi Neijing views insomnia as an issue of overall bodily balance, presenting the invasion of pathogenic factors, disturbance in defensive qi circulation, deficiency of qi and blood, dysfunction of internal organs, and emotional fluctuations as the main pathological mechanisms. This perspective aligns with modern medicine's theory of mind-body correlation, emphasizing the importance of a holistic and integrated approach. The study finds that Huangdi Neijing's understanding of insomnia offers significant insights to modern medicine, detailing how the functions of the five organs, balance of qi and blood, and mental factors affect sleep. Notably, it emphasizes the importance of mental and emotional health, considering it fundamental to overall health maintenance. This research can contribute to a deeper understanding and more effective treatment methods for insomnia through an integrated approach of Eastern and Western medicine, suggesting the need for a more comprehensive approach to insomnia treatment in modern medicine.

Lipid Profiling of Oily Skin in Chinese Female aged 22-28 and 29-35 Defined by the Life Rhythm Theory of Huangdi Neijing

송우심 (宋雨芯),정문옥,손금월,필영현,유금준,대효염,하총분,하화명,가염 한국피부과학연구원 2024 아시안뷰티화장품학술지 Vol.22 No.2

Purpose: According to the life rhythm derived from the ancient Chinese medicine book Huangdi Neijing, female growth and development culminates between the age of 22-28, with strong muscles, bones and vigorous hair. To investigate the characteristics of facial lipid profile in oily skin of female at different developmental stages classified based on seven-year rhythm, and to provide the mechanistic insight into the aging theory of Huangdi Neijing. Methods: The facial lipid composition of two groups of healthy women with oily skin (O1 group: age of 22-28; O2 group: age of 29-35) was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). Differential lipids between O1 and O2 groups were identified using an orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model. Results: No significant difference in skin barrier function was found between the O1 and O2 groups. In contrast, skin elasticity and skin radiance displayed significant changes, with the O2 group showing decreased skin elasticity and dull skin, which is consistent with the description in Huangdi Neijing. In terms of lipid profile, among eight lipid main classes, seven lipid classes [FA], [GL], [GP], [PK], [PR], [SP] and [ST] showed significantly higher relative levels in the O2 group (p<0.05). Among the differential lipid species, myriocin, erucamide, phosphatidylserine, flavonoid compounds, and sphinganine were significantly and negatively correlated with skin elasticity (R2) and skin radiance (ITA) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The seven lipid species identified are important for targeting markers of skin aging and developing cosmetics that maintain skin elasticity and color.

황제내경과 플라워에센스의 감정 치유에 대한 연구

장석종(Jang Seok-Jong) 한국자연치유교육학회 2019 자연치유교육학회지 Vol.3 No.1

People today suffer much from their emotional imbalances. Psychotherapies that treat emotional difficulties has received great attention. Psychotherapy attempts to treat emotional problems with psychological and counseling methods. In relation to this, the author searched for possible means to treat emotional problems other than psychotherapy. The author examined theories of Huangdi Neijing and Dr. Edward Bach’s Bach Floweressence Remedies. First, Huangdi Neijing, an ancient Chinese medical text, presented a framework of theory that connects internal organs with emotions. Huangdi Neijing classifies emotions into seven. In particular, the emotions of joy, anger, sorrow, anxiety, and fear are considered to have direct connection to specific parts of the body. According to the ancient text, first, imbalance between internal organs causes emotional imbalance and imbalance of emotions again causes somatic problems. Second, adjusting balance among internal organs lead to harmonious emotions, therefore, wellbeing. Second, an English homeopath Dr. Edward Bach presented theory in 1936 claiming that emotional problems could be treated with “Flower Essence” extracted from various plants. Bach separated the 38 Bach Flower Remedies into 7 emotional groups. The 7 Bach Flower groups are Loneliness, Over-care for welfare of others, Insufficient interest in present circumstances, Over-sensitivity to influences and ideas, for those who suffer Uncertainty, for those who have Fear, and Despondency or Despair. Bach reported that negative emotions that interfere with the equilibrium of the being as a whole could be treated with specifically designed flower extractions. Based on studies of Huangdi Neijing’s five major emotions and The Bach Flower Remedies’ seven groups, this research examines the mutual relevance between two theories and further proposes collaboration to treat emotional problems.

황제내경 오행론에 나타난 時 관념과 의학적 정체성

김혜낭 영산대학교 동양문화연구원 2013 동양문화연구 Vol.15 No.-

This paper is intended to identify the basic concept of the wuxing as a traditional medical theory of Huangdi Neijing. And I would like to submit the idea that the theoretical structure of wuxing in Huangdi Neijing is based on Four season concept of ancient society in China. The evidence of this idea includes '四時五行' and the antagonistic theory of Wuxing, the connection of things under Wuxing, etc. These are the characteristics of Wuxing as a medical theory which are different with Wuxing of philosophical view like 五材 and 五德. As conclusion of this paper, I insist the identity of Wuxing theory of Huangdi Neijing is the time-concept that bring things changed yearly and circulatory. 이 논문은 황제내경 오행론이 고대 음양론적 四時관념의 바탕위에 오행론적 사유체계가 결합된 것임을 강조하고자 한다. 내경 본문에 나타나는 四時五行의 용례들과 四時를 중심으로 체계화 된 오행배속, 四時와 五臟의 대응관계를 바탕으로 한 五行相勝과 같은 이론적 표현들은 모두 고대 四時개념을 바탕으로 한 오행체계의 특성을 나타낸 것으로 볼 수 있다. 본인은 이 글을 통해서 四時 개념이 이론적 핵심으로 나타나는 내경 오행론의 특성을 파악하여, 의학적 오행론이 만물의 변화의 근본 요소라 할 수 있는 時 개념을 포섭함으로써 의학이론으로서 정체성을 확보하게 되었음을 말하고자 한다.

황제내경 오행론에 나타난 시(時)관념과 의학적 정체성

김혜랑 ( Hye Rang Kim ) 영산대학교 동양문화연구원 2013 동양문화연구 Vol.15 No.-

이 논문은 황제내경 오행론이 고대 음양론적 四時관념의 바탕위에 오행론적 사유체계가 결합된 것임을 강조하고자 한다. 내경 본문에 나타나는 四時五行의 용례들과 四時를 중심으로 체계화 된 오행배속, 四時와 五臟의 대응관계를 바탕으로 한 五行相勝과 같은 이론적 표현들은 모두 고대 四時개념을 바탕으로 한 오행체계의 특성을 나타낸 것으로 볼 수 있다. 본인은 이 글을 통해서 四時개념이 이론적 핵심으로 나타나는 내경 오행론의 특성을 파악하여, 의학적 오행론이 만물의 변화의 근본 요소라 할 수 있는 時개념을 포섭함으로써 의학이론으로서 정체 성을 확보하게 되었음을 말하고자 한다. This paper is intended to identify the basic concept of the wuxing as a traditional medical theory of Huangdi Neijing. And I would like to submit the idea that the theoretical structure of wuxing in Huangdi Neijing is based on Four season concept of ancient society in China. The evidence of this idea includes ``四時五行`` and the antagonistic theory of Wuxing, the connection of things under Wuxing, etc. These are the characteristics of Wuxing as a medical theory which are different with Wuxing of philosophical view like 五材and 五 德. As conclusion of this paper, I insist the identity of Wuxing theory of Huangdi Neijing is the time-concept that bring things changed yearly and circulatory