Revisiting NaTi₂(PO₄)₃/nanocarbon composites prepared using nanocarbons with different dimensions for high-rate sodium-ion batteries: The surface properties of nanocarbons

Roh, Ha-Kyung,Lee, Geon-Woo,Chung, Kyung Yoon,Kim, Kwang-Bum ELSEVIER SCIENCE 2019 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.787 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, we intend to revisit oxide/nanocarbon composites for a systematic study of oxide particle size, chemical bonding between oxide and carbon, electrical conductivity and ion transport in the composites on the electrochemical properties of NaTi<SUB>2</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>@nanocarbon microsphere composites prepared using zero-dimensional carbon black, one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, and two-dimensional graphene as anode materials for high-rate sodium-ion batteries. In the solution-based synthesis of the composites, oxide precursor nanoparticles deposited on nanocarbons are converted into final oxide nanoparticles through heat treatment. We demonstrate that growth of the NaTi<SUB>2</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> particles in the NaTi<SUB>2</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>@nanocarbon composites occurs during heat treatment when the concentration of oxygen functional groups per unit specific area of nanocarbons is high. Growth of oxide precursor nanoparticles is observed for carbon black with a high concentration of oxygen functional groups during heat treatment owing to the proximity between precursor particles. On the other hand, growth of precursor nanoparticles is effectively prevented for carbon nanotubes and graphene with a low concentration of oxygen functional groups. Rate capability increases in the order of NaTi<SUB>2</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>@carbon black < NaTi<SUB>2</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>@graphene < NaTi<SUB>2</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>@carbon nanotubes mainly due to the smaller sizes of oxide particles and more efficient Na<SUP>+</SUP> transport across carbon nanotubes compared to other nanocarbons.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Comprehensive investigation of nanocarbons with different dimensions in the composite. </LI> <LI> Importance to concentration of oxygen functional groups of nanocarbons. </LI> <LI> Improved rate capability by small sizes of oxide particles in the composite. </LI> <LI> High rate capability by Na<SUP>+</SUP> transport across nanocarbons in the composite. </LI> </UL> </P>

Physicochemical and photocatalytic activities of self-assembling TiO2 nanoparticles on nanocarbons surface

Feng Wang,Kan Zhang 한국물리학회 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.1

TiO2 nanoparticles were self-assembled on three different dimensional nanocarbon (SWCNT, C60 and graphene) surfaces by a uniform thermal reaction. The effective anchoring of TiO2 nanoparticles on the nanocarbon surfaces was characterized by FTeIR, XRD, XPS, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, PL and UVeVis. By investigating the effect of different carbon nanostructures on TiO2 photocatalyst system, we found that the enhancing photocatalytic activities of nanocarbon/TiO2 (NT) nanocomposites have still related to great adsorbability and effective charge transfer by nanocarbon introduced, however, no more insights can be provided for peculiar properties on different nanostructures, although graphene by itself has an excellent structure and morphology. TiO2 nanoparticles were self-assembled on three different dimensional nanocarbon (SWCNT, C60 and graphene) surfaces by a uniform thermal reaction. The effective anchoring of TiO2 nanoparticles on the nanocarbon surfaces was characterized by FTeIR, XRD, XPS, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, PL and UVeVis. By investigating the effect of different carbon nanostructures on TiO2 photocatalyst system, we found that the enhancing photocatalytic activities of nanocarbon/TiO2 (NT) nanocomposites have still related to great adsorbability and effective charge transfer by nanocarbon introduced, however, no more insights can be provided for peculiar properties on different nanostructures, although graphene by itself has an excellent structure and morphology.

Multi‑dimensional nanocarbons hybridized with silicon oxides and their application for electrochemical capacitors

Seung Hyun Song,Ji Sun Park,Jun Ho Song,Churl Seung Lee,Joonho Bae 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.2

We report a facile and versatile strategy to prepare multi-dimensional nanocarbons hybridized with mesoporous SiO2. Carbon nanoplatelets (CNPs, two-dimensional structure of nanocarbons) were combined with carbon nanotubes (CNTs, onedimensional nanocarbons) to form multi-dimensional carbons (2D–1D, CNP–CNTs). The CNP–CNTs were synthesized by directly growing CNTs on CNPs. A simple solution-based process using TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate) resulted in coating or hybridizing CNP–CNTs with mesoporous silica to produce CNP–CNTs@SiO2. The nanocarbons’ surface area significantly increased as the amount of TEOS increased. Electrochemical characterizations of CNP–CNTs@SiO2 as supercapactior electrodes including cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge in 3 M KOH (aq) reveal excellent-specific capacitance of 23.84 mF cm−2 at 20 mV s−1, stable charge–discharge operation, and low internal resistance. Our work demonstrates mesoporous SiO2 on nanocarbons have great potential in electrochemical energy storage.

Multi‑dimensional nanocarbons hybridized with silicon oxides and their application for electrochemical capacitors

송승현,박지선,송준호,이철승,배준호 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.2

We report a facile and versatile strategy to prepare multi-dimensional nanocarbons hybridized with mesoporous SiO2. Carbon nanoplatelets (CNPs, two-dimensional structure of nanocarbons) were combined with carbon nanotubes (CNTs, onedimensional nanocarbons) to form multi-dimensional carbons (2D–1D, CNP–CNTs). The CNP–CNTs were synthesized by directly growing CNTs on CNPs. A simple solution-based process using TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate) resulted in coating or hybridizing CNP–CNTs with mesoporous silica to produce CNP–CNTs@SiO2. The nanocarbons’ surface area significantly increased as the amount of TEOS increased. Electrochemical characterizations of CNP–CNTs@SiO2 as supercapactior electrodes including cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge in 3 M KOH (aq) reveal excellent-specific capacitance of 23.84 mF cm−2 at 20 mV s−1, stable charge–discharge operation, and low internal resistance. Our work demonstrates mesoporous SiO2 on nanocarbons have great potential in electrochemical energy storage.

,A REVIEW OF THE APPLICATIONS OF NANOCARBON POLYMER COMPOSITES

ATEEQ RAHMAN,ILIAS ALI,SAEED M. AL ZAHRANI,RABEH H. ELEITHY 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2011 NANO Vol.6 No.3

Nanotechnology offers fundamentally new capabilities to architect a broad array of novel materials, composites and structures on a molecular scale. It is potentially capable of redefining the methods used for developing lighter, stronger, high-performance structures and processes with unique and nontraditional properties. This review summarizes different classes of nanocarbon-based polymer composites and their applications. Also, it highlights different ways to create smaller, cheaper, lighter and faster devices using nanocarbon-based polymer composites. The potential applications of such materials are in the fields of membrane, aviation, electronics, polymer composites, as well as the marine and transport industries. A detailed description of nanocarbon-based composite materials manufactured from PE, PP, PS, PS, PVC, PPS, ABS, PMMA, nitrile rubber, etc. is also reviewed. Some of the major applications of carbon-based polymer nanocomposites are in the tyre industry, semiconductors, and many more, which has brought about the new, developing and exciting research field called nanoscience.

Nanostructured carbons as an active cathode material for lithium ion hybrid capacitors and rechargeable lithium batteries

엄지애,진형준,윤영수 한국공업화학회 2020 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2020 No.-

With the rapid advances in modern society, the demands for cutting-edge technologies have been increasing. Accordingly, studies to develop high-performance energy storage devices (ESDs) are being carried out, while the new types of ESDs have many obstacles to overcome, such as low round-trip energy efficiencies, poor cycling stabilities, and safety issues. In addition, an increase in the lithium supply and the development of infra technology have led to the sustainable expansion of LIB markets, requiring more advanced LIBs with higher energy and power densities as well as longer-term cycling performance. In this study, nanostructured carbon materials were fabricated from the bio-induced source, seaweed fulvescens. The nanocarbons showed high electrochemical performances as an active cathode material for lithium ion storage in a wide operating voltage window. Hence, the nanocarbon-based active cathode materials have a high potential in LIBs and lithium ion hybrid capacitors.

Electrical Characteristics of Nanocarbon/Polymer Composites

박지선,우란,이철승,신권우,한종훈 한국공업화학회 2014 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2014 No.0

Relative Photonic Properties of Fe/TiO₂-Nanocarbon Catalysts for Degradation of MB Solution under Visible Light

Oh, Won-Chun,Zhang, Feng-Jun,Meng, Ze-Da,Zhang, Kan Korean Chemical Society 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.5

Nanocarbon supported Fe/$TiO_2$ composite catalysts were prepared using CNTs (carbon nanotubes) and $C_{60}$ (fullerene) as nanocarbon sources by a modified sol-gel method. The Fe/$TiO_2$-nanocarbon composites were characterized by the BET surface area, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and UV-vis spectra. In comparison with non-nanocarbon doped Fe/$TiO_2$ composites, the nanocarbon supported Fe/$TiO_2$ composites had higher absorption ability with a larger specific surface area, and showed higher photocatalytic activity during the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light. The reasons for the obvious increase of photocatalytic activity indicated that the photoactivity not only benefits from nanocarbon introduced, but also relates to the cooperative effect of the Fe as a dopant.

Relative Photonic Properties of Fe/TiO2-Nanocarbon Catalysts for Degradation of MB Solution under Visible Light

오원춘,Feng-Jun Zhang,Ze-Da Meng,Kan Zhang 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.5

Nanocarbon supported Fe/TiO2 composite catalysts were prepared using CNTs (carbon nanotubes) and C60 (fullerene)as nanocarbon sources by a modified sol-gel method. The Fe/TiO2-nanocarbon composites were characterized by the BET surface area, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and UV-vis spectra. In comparison with non-nanocarbon doped Fe/TiO2 composites,the nanocarbon supported Fe/TiO2 composites had higher absorption ability with a larger specific surface area, and showed higher photocatalytic activity during the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light. The reasons for the obvious increase of photocatalytic activity indicated that the photoactivity not only benefits from nanocarbon introduced, but also relates to the cooperative effect of the Fe as a dopant.

Recent Advances on Multi-Dimensional Nanocarbons for Superapacitors: A Review

Bae, Joonho The Korean Electrochemical Society 2018 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.9 No.4

In general, the charge storage characteristics and overall performance of electrochemical energy devices (such as lithiumion batteries and supercapacitors) significantly depends on the structural and geometrical factors of the electrodes' active materials. The most widely used active materials of electrochemical energy storage devices are based on carbons of various forms. Each carbon type has drawbacks and advantages when used as the electrode material. Studies have been recently carried out to combine different types of carbons, in particular nanostructured carbons, in order to overcome the structure-originated limitations and thus enhance the overall electrochemical performances. In this feature article, we report the recent progress on the development of this novel class of materials (multidimensional nanocarbons), and their applications for supercapacitors. Multidimensional nanocarbons include graphenes/carbon nanotubes (CNTs), CNTs/carbon films, CNTs/fullerenes, and ternary carbon nanostructures. Various applications using these multidimensional nanocarbons have been proposed and demonstrated in the literature. Owing to the recent extensive studies on electrochemical energy storage devices and considering that carbons are their most fundamental electrode materials, the number of reports on nanocarbons employed as electrodes of the electrochemical energy storage devices is rapidly increasing. Recently, numerous multidimensional nanocarbons have been designed, prepared, and utilized as electrodes of electrochemical capacitors or supercapacitors, which are considered next-generation energy devices owing to their unique merits compared to the conventional structures. In this review, we summarize the basic motivations, preparation methods, and resultant supercapacitor performances of each class of multidimensional nanocarbons published in the literature, focusing on recent reports.