실제 하수조건에서 고지질 함량 조류자원의 생체생성과 하수처리 특성 분석

이장호(Jang Ho Lee),박준홍(Joon Hong Park) 大韓環境工學會 2010 대한환경공학회지 Vol.32 No.4

하수나 폐수를 이용해서 조류를 배양하고 이를 통해서 획득된 조류 생체로부터 바이오디젤을 생산한다는 것은 친생태적이면서 신재생에너지 생산이라는 점에서 최근 각광받는 녹색성장기술이다. 바이오디젤 생산에 필요한 지질의 함량이 높은 조류 종에 대한 연구가 최적 인공배양액 조건에서 연구된 사례들이 있다. 하지만 실제 하수의 조건에서 고지질 함량 조류의 생체생성과 하수처리능에 대한 정보 제공이 미흡한 것이 현황이다. 본 연구에서는 바이오디젤 전구물질인 지질함량이 높다고 알려진 조류 종들을 선별해서 국내 하수조건에서 생체생성능과 하수처리능을 분석하였다. 이를 위해서 실제 하수에서 토착조류를 제거한 후 지질함량이 높다고 알려진 조류 4종(Chlorella vulgaris AG10032, Ankistrodesmus gracilis SAG278-2, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Botryococcus braunii UTEX 572)을 각각 하수에 식종한 후에 조류의 성장률과 유기물, 질소 및 인의 제거를 실험실 규모의 회분식반응조에서 분석하였다. 일정한 광반응 조건 (80 μE, 24시간)에서 9일간 배양하면서 시간 별로 조류의 건조 생체량과 COD, 질소 및 인을 각기 측정하였다. 그 결과 C. vulgaris, A. gracilis와 S. quadricauda는 하수의 토착조류 보다 하수에서 더 우월하게 성장하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 반면 B. braunii는 하수조건에서 성장을 할 수 없는 것으로 나타났다. 하수에서 배양가능한 조류들에 의한 질소 (Total-N, NH₄+-N)와 인(Total-P, PO₄3--P)의 제거능이 우수하였고, 하수처리 방류수질 기준을 만족하였다. 하수에서 배양가능한 조류들에 의한 용존 COD의 제거 분석 결과, A. gracilis와 S. quadricauda는 효과적인 COD제거를 지속하였지만, C. vulgaris는 초기의 COD 제거가 지속되지 않는 불안정성을 보였다. 이러한 결과들을 종합적으로 고려해서 본 연구에서는 A. gracilis와 S. quadricauda를 실제 하수에 적응성과 처리능이 우수한 조류자원으로 선정하였다. Wastewater treatment using algal communities and biodiesel production from wastewater-cultivated algal biomass is a promising green growth technology. In literature, there are many studies providing information on algal species producing high content of lipid. However, very little is known about adaptability and wastewater treatability of such high-lipid algal species. In this study, we attempted to characterize algal biomass production and wastewater treatability of high-lipid algal species under municipal wastewater condition. For this, four known high-lipid algal strains including Chlorella vulgaris AG 10032, Ankistrodesmus gracilis SAG 278-2, Scenedesmus quadricauda, and Botryococcus braunii UTEX 572 were individually inoculated into municipal wastewater where its indigenuous algal populations were removed prior to the inoculation, and the algae-inoculated wastewater was incubated in the presence of light source (80μE) for 9 days in laboratory batch reactors. During the incubations, algal biomass production (dry weight) and the removals of dissolved organics (COD), nitrogen and phosphorous were measured in laboratory batch reactors. According to algal growth results, C. vulgaris, A. gracilis and S. quadricauda exhibited faster growth than indigenuous wastewater algal populations while B. braunii did not. The wastewater-growing strains exhibited efficient removals of total-N, NH₄+-N, Total-P and PO₄3--P which satisfy the Korea water quality standards for effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants. A. gracilis and S. quadricauda exhibited efficient and stable treatability of COD but C. vulgaris showed unstable treatability. Taken together with the results, A. gracilis and S. quadricauda were found to be suitable species for biomass production and wastewater treatment under municipal wastewater condition.

우리나라 하수처리장 방류수 수질현황 및 특성

김영철 ( Young Chul Kim ),안익성 ( Ik Sung An ),강민기 ( Min Gi Kang ) 한국물환경학회 2005 한국물환경학회지 Vol.21 No.2

In this study, the discharging effluents from have been 9 municipal wastewater treatment plants surveyed for 1 year-period. Statistics including probability distribution, cumulative occurrence concentration and other statistical parameters were presented. In addition, treatment performance and its stability were also discussed. Most of the plants, have an operational problem of high soluble organic content in the secondary effluent which may be associated with the integrated treatment of human and livestock manures. Nitrogen concentration in the effluents were usually higher during the period of summer and winter. It was found that this is mainly due to lack of the proper C/N ratio during the summer, or/and the effects of low temperature and less dilution by dry weather during the winter. Phosphorus concentration is sharply increased in June. Discussion with plant operators told that it is due to the dissolution of phosphate from the sludge accumulated in the primary settling tanks from the early spring to june. During this period, usually, sludge treatment line is highly overloaded with flush-outs of the sediments also stored in the bottom of combined sewer due to the low flow during winter season. Most of the plants can meet new effluent discharge limits of the nitrogen and phosphorus, and total coliform without further treatment.

Assessment of Food Waste Leachate Treatment in Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant

( Jong-hun Park ),( Shin-young Kang ),( Sang-hyoun Kim ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2016 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.-

Food waste leachate is an unique organic waste of Korea where the majority of food waste is recycled as animal feed and aerobic compost. In P city, there is approximately 115.7 tons of food waste produced every day, and 67.3% of food waste as volume is converted to food waste leachate. Although some of food waste leachate is treated with landfill leachate, the city needs another treatment method for the leftover. Furthermore, the effluent of combined leachate treatment facility exceeds water quality standards and is directly discharged to the ocean. Thus, the feasibility of the addition of food waste leachate on the municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) was estimated in environmental and economic views according to two scenarios. The first scenario is truck transport to MWWTP, expected to cost 181,000,000 KRW/year. The second scenario is construction of a pipeline to MWWTP, estimated to cost 123,250,000 KRW/year. In both scenarios, the effect of leachate addition on the influent water quality was assessed less than 5%. This study would provide a criteria for the food waste leachate treatment in MWWTP for P city as well as other municipalities.

중금속과 체류시간이 산업단지하수 질산화에 미치는 영향

임지열,길경익 한국습지학회 2018 한국습지학회지 Vol.20 No.4

산업단지 인근에 위치한 하수처리장은 유입되는 산업폐수 내 중금속으로 인해 질산화 효율이 감소하는 문제점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 실험실 규모 반응조 운전 결과를 바탕으로 산업폐수가 유입되는 하수처리장의 질산화 효율 개선을 위해중금속과 체류시간이 질산화에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 또한 운전 결과를 바탕으로 질산화율 향상을 위한 하수처리장운전 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 실험실 반응조 운전 결과 체류시간 0.5일 이상으로 운전 할 경우 60% 이상의 질산화율을확보할 수 있을 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, 동일한 조건에서 일반 도시하수처리장 시료를 이용하는 경우보다 낮은 효율을보이는 것으로 조사되었다. 이와 같은 결과를 보인 원인으로 산업 폐수 내 함유된 중금속의 영향으로 질산화 미생물의활성(SNR 기준)을 분석하였다. S 하수처리장과 일반 하수처리장 시료(A MWTPame )를 이용한 반응조의 SNR은 각각 0.13 ~ 0.21 mg NH4/gMLSS/hr과 0.74 mg NH4/gMLSS/hr의 범위를 보였다. 이는 S 하수처리장 시료를 유입수로하는 반응조 내 미생물의 활성이 낮음을 확인 할 수 있다. 따라서 산업폐수가 유입되는 하수처리장에서 질산화 효율개선을 위해 체류시간 증가 및 전처리를 통한 중금속 처리가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. The Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant(MWTP), located industrial estate, has a problem of decreasing nitrification efficiency. In this research, it was analyzed that effect of heavy metals and retention time to nitrification based on operational result of laboratory scale reactors. And suggest improving MWTP operation method for increasing nitrification efficiency based on findings. According to operational result, laboratory scale reactor shows over 60% nitrification efficiency over hydraulic retention time(HRT) 0.5 day. However, the nitrification efficiency of S MWTP(high heavy metal concentration) sample was lower than that of A MWTP(low heavy metal concentration) sample in same operational condition. The main reason was heavy metals in industrial wastewater. This heavy metals was acted as inhibitor to nitrifier in reactors. So, activity of nitrifier was analyzed based on specific nitrification rate(SNR). The SNR of S MWTP sample shows 0.13 ~ 0.21 mg NH4/gMLSS/hr and that of A MWTP sample shows 0.74 mg NH4/gMLSS/hr. As a result, the activity of nitrifier of S MWTP was lower than that of A MWPT. In other words, retrofit methods for improving nitrification efficiency in MWTPs located industrial estate were that to increase retention time in biological treatment process or to pretreat heavy metal before being injected biological treatment process.

Bacterial Community Shift during the Startup of a Full-Scale Oxidation Ditch Treating Sewage

( Yajun Chen ),( Lin Ye ),( Fuzheng Zhao ),( Lin Xiao ),( Shupei Cheng ),( Xu-xiang Zhang ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.1

The oxidation ditch (OD) is one of the most widely used processes for treating municipal wastewater. However, the microbial communities in the OD systems have not been well characterized, and little information about the shift of bacterial community during the startup process of the OD systems is available. In this study, we investigated the bacterial community changes during the startup period (over 100 days) of a full-scale OD. The results showed that the bacterial community dramatically changed during the startup period. Similar to the activated sludge samples in other studies, Proteobacteria (accounting for 26.3%-48.4%) was the most dominant bacterial phylum in the OD system, but its relative abundance declined nearly 40% during the startup process. It was also found that Planctomycetes proliferated greatly (from 4.79% to 13.5%) and finally replaced Bacteroidetes as the second abundant phylum in the OD system. Specifically, some bacteria affiliated with genus Flavobacterium exhibited remarkable decreasing trends, whereas bacterial species belonging to the OD1 candidate division and Saprospiraceae family were found to increase during the startup process. Despite of the bacterial community shift, the organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the effluent were always in low concentrations, suggesting the functional redundancy of the bacterial community. Moreover, by comparing with the bacterial community in other municipal wastewater treatment bioreactors, some potentially novel bacterial species were found to be present in the OD system. Collectively, this study improved our understandings of the bacterial community structure and microbial ecology during the startup of a full-scale wastewater treatment bioreactor.

다양한 하수를 대상으로 유기물 성상과 질산화 반응조 내 유기물 변화

임지열,길경익 한국습지학회 2015 한국습지학회지 Vol.17 No.4

ASM 모델에서는 유기물을 특성에 따라 분류하는데, 일반적인 COD와 BOD로의 분류로는 ASM에서 요구하는 조건 을 충족시키지 못한다. 본 연구에서는 하수종말처리장 수처리 및 슬러지 처리 계통 하수를 대상으로 미생물 호흡률을 기반으로 하여 ASM에서 요구하는 유기물 분류에 대한 실시하였다. 분석 결과 유기물 성상 분석 결과 각 하수마다 유 기물 구성에서 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 각 공정의 하수를 처리할 때 반드시 파악해야 하는 중요한 하수 특성이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 규명한 각 하수별 유기물 성상은 하수종말처리장의 원활한 운영을 위 해 중요한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 질산화 반응조 내 반응시간에 따른 유기물 및 암모니아성 질 소 변화 분석을 통해 SS이 질산화에 영향을 미치는 주요 인자임을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이는 질산화 반응이 유도 가능한 체류시간 선정에 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 사료된다. In ASM model, organic matters are classified according to their characteristics and general classification into COD and BOD cannot satisfy conditions required by ASM. In this study, it was performed to study classification of organic matters required by ASM on the basis of microorganisms’ respiration rate subject to wastewater and sludge treatment. As results of analysis of the organic matter’s appearance, it was found that there were some differences in composition of organic matters between wastewaters. It is considered that it is an important characteristic of wastewater that should be understood in treating wastewater in each process. Therefore, it is considered that appearance of organic matters in each wastewater identified by this study will be used as important basic data for operation of municipal wastewater treatment plant. It was identified that SS was an important factor affecting nitrification through organic matter and ammonium nitrogen change analysis according to reaction time in the nitrification. It is considered that the nitrification has close relationship with choice of optimal retention time.

물질수지모델을 이용한 하수처리장의 온실효과가스 산정에 관한 연구

이은미 ( Eun Mee Lee ),김정숙 ( Jeong Sook Kim ),정창욱 ( Chang Wook Jeong ),이병헌 ( Byung Hun Lee ) 한국수처리학회 2012 한국수처리학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Major greenhouse gases such as C02, CH4 and N20 were produced from municipal wastewater treatment systems. N20 among those gas elements has a great concern due to its potential capacity in contributing on a greenhouse effect because Its radioactive force per molecule is greater than that of carbon dioxide. In this study. we investigated major gases invoking a greenhouse effect in activated sludge process and can be calculated through the whole WWTP. The results of this study showed that TCOD(cr),. T88. TN and TP concentration of effluent were 70.9, 6.3. 15.8 and 1.2mg/L, respectively. The results of this study to estimate greenhouse gas emission factors from municipal wastewater treatment plants are follows; C02. CH4 and N20 emission in aeration tank of activated sludge process were 24gCO2/m3, 0gCH4/m3 and 0.17gN20/m3, respectively. CO2. CH4 and N2O emission in anaerobic digestion tank were 636gCO2/m3, 10.075gCH4/m3 and 0gN2O/m3, respectively. Total greenhouse gas(T GHG) in municipal wastewater treatment system was 10.793gCO2 eq/m3. Greenhouse gases emission in municipal wastewater treatment system was greater in aeration tank than in anaerobic digestion tank. By assigning a stoichiometric composition (x, Y. z and a in C(x)H(y)O(z)N(a)) to influent wastewater organic fractions and ammonia and the products generated from them via the biological processes. are tracked through the WWTP.

음폐수 공공하수처리시설 연계처리 타당성 평가

박종훈(Jong Hun Park),강신영(Shin Young Kang),김상현(Sang Hyoun Kim) 유기성자원학회 2016 유기물자원화 Vol.24 No.2

P시에서는 음폐수 처리를 위해 병합처리시설을 설치하였으나, 음폐수 발생량 대비 처리용량이 부족한 실정이다. 또한 병합처리시설 방류수는 인근 바다로 직방류 되고 있어 환경적 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 P하수처리장을 대상으로 P시 발생 음폐수 처리 초과 분량 및 병합처리시설 방류수 연계처리 가능성을 검토하였다. 예상 가능한 4개의 시나리오를 세운 후, 각각의 최대 음폐수 및 병합처리시설 방류수 허용투입량을 산정 하고, 투입 후 P하수처리장 유입수 성상 변화및 시나리오별 예상 처리비용을 비교 하였다. 검토 된 모든 시나리오에서 환경부의 음폐수 병합처리 업무지침을 준수하면서 음폐수 및 병합처리시설 방류수 대부분을 P하수처리장에 연계 처리 가능하며 하수처리장 부하에도 큰 영향을 주지 않을 것으로 산정 되었다. P city government considers to treat a part of food waste leachate in a municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP), as the capacity of an existing combined treatment plant for food waste leachate is lower than the generation of food waste leachate in the city. Furthermore, the combined treatment plant also treats landfill leachate and directly discharges the effluent to the sea, which may result in a potential environmental problem. Therefore, this study examined the feasibility of the addition of food waste leachate and the effluent of the combined treatment facility on the MWWTP. Acceptable addition amount of the food waste streams, increased pollution loading on the MWWTP, and the treatment cost were estimated according to four scenarios. All the scenarios estimated that the MWWTP would receive most of the food waste streams according to the manual of the ministry of environment with little increase of pollution loading.

Realizable Approaches Toward Carbon Neutral and Energy Sustainable Process for Municipal Wastewater Treatment

( Kadam Rahul Gajanan ),( Khanthong Kamonwan ),( Heewon Jang ),( Jonghwa Lee ),( Jungyu Park ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2022 젊은 연구자 학술연구발표회 Vol.19 No.0

Design and Operational Performance of a Full Scale MWWTP with EHYBFAS Process

Wang Baozhen,Jin Wenbiao,Wang Shume,Cao Xiangdong,MA Zhiguang 대전대학교 환경문제연구소 2007 환경문제연구소 논문집 Vol.11 No.-

To improve water quality of Buji Stream and Shenzhen River, the Bujihe Wastewater Treatment Plant has been reconstructed from the original coagulkation-flocculation sedimentation system into the enhanced hybrid submerged biofilm-activated sludge (EHYBFAS)system developed by the authors. The main design parameters of the EHYBFAS system, process characteristics, operational performance, techno-economic index, and experience in design, construction and operation are described,which set up an example of the municipal wastewater treatment plants using the novel process of EHYBFAS, which has lots of advantages, such as stable and high operational performance with the final effluent quality well meeting 1A-1B standard of GB 18918-2002( Chinese national standard each one capable of treating 1.0×10⁴ for pollutants of effluent from the MWWTPs), much less footprint of 1ha/(100×103㎥/d)) vs 4-5ha/(100×103㎥/d), much lower capital and operation costs of 700-800 Yuan(RMB)/(㎥/d) and 0.5 Yuan(RMB)/㎥ vs 1200-1500 Yuan/(㎥/d)and 1.0-1.2 Yuan/㎥ and much less sludge production of 0.3g dry solid/g removed BOD₅ vs 0.7 g dry solid/removed BOD5 respectively for the MWWTP with AS process.