북한의 ‘혁명전쟁이론’으로 본 북한 ‘핵 무력’ -군사사상의 기능을 중심으로-

유판덕 ( Yoo Pan Deok ) 한국접경지역통일학회 2018 접경지역통일연구 Vol.2 No.1

Military thought consists of three components: the views of warfare. the thought of military buildup and the thought of military art. Depending on the character of the views of warfare - the starting point of military thought, military buildup and military art have an aggressive or defensive character. Such a military thought have a decisive impact on national security policy and military strategy. In the case of Military Thought of Juche in North Korea, it includes 'the theory of revolutionary war', 'the theory of self-defense capacity buildup', and 'the military tactics and art of Juche' corresponding to the thought of military art. The peculiarity of Juche military thought was designed, developed and established based on the principles of Juche ideology, especially the principle of self-defense in national defense, as the prefix implies. The revolutionary war theory, which is the beginning of the Juche military thought, is the views of warfare to get rid of the obstacle of America by North Korea's internal Juche capacity, setting up American imperialism as the main enemy while following the traditional Marxist war line. Depending on the revolutionary war theory, we could assume that North Korea has pursued the possession of nuclear weapons in order to remove(check and suppress) the U.S. forces that has possessed nuclear weapons. In other words, North Korea's possession of nuclear weapons is the result of the revolutionary war theory - the nature of the war, the cause of the war, the current characteristics of war, and the decisive factor in war victory.

북한의 ‘독자적’ 군사 사상의 역사적 기원과 변화

김태현 국방부군사편찬연구소 2022 군사 Vol.- No.124

The purpose of this paper is to explain the historical origin and evolution of North Korea's "independent" military thought from the perspective of "the pursuit of independence and the distortion of ideology," and to clarify that North Korean military ideology influenced the 'Su-Ryong(which means ringleader)-centered' regime security and offensive adventure strategy. In the process of applying the Max-Leninism to the characteristics of North Korea creatively, North Korea's military ideology was initially conceived as a "practical military guideline" focused on self-reliance. However, North Korea's military thought, coupled with the establishment of Kim Il-sung's monolithic political system in the late 1960s, was deflected from the nature of the "practical guideline" of "self-defense" to strengthen Kim Il-sung's monolithic political power and control. Specifically, North Korea's strategy to break away from the military influence and dependence of the Soviet Union and China during the Cold War was deflected into the political logic of supporting Kim Il-sung's "military genius". This refracted into a political logic affecting North Korea's offensive nature of military thought. Military thought as a "symbolic mechanism" for idol worship turned into "Mu-o-ryu-seong"(which means flawless or perfectness)of 'Su-ryong', and then became an unwavering military guideline to create an "immortal myth." Kim Il-sung's symbolic device, a "military genius," put a kind of "persona" on the North Korean military that should not be defeated in battle, which affected North Korea's offensive adventurism. 본 논문은 ‘주체 군사 사상’으로 불리는 북한의 ‘독자적’ 군사 사상의 역사적 기원과 변화 과정을 ‘자주의 모색과 이념의 굴절’이라는 관점으로 설명하는 데 목적이 있다. 구체적으로, 본 논문은 북한이 소련군의 기계적 모방에서 탈피하여 독자적 군사 사상을 모색하는 과정에서 수령중심의 정권 안보 논리와 공세적 모험주의의 성향을 내재하게 되었다고 주장한다. 북한의 군사 사상은 기존의 마르크스-레닌주의를 북한 특색에 맞도록 창조적으로 적용하려는 과정에서 초기에는 ‘자주’와 ‘독자성’을 화두로 한 ‘실천적 군사지침’으로서 배태하였다. 하지만, 북한 군사 사상은 1960년대 후반 김일성의 유일 지배체제 구축과 맞물리면서 ‘자위 사상’이라는 ‘실천적 지침’의 성격에서 벗어나 김일성 유일 지배를 강화하는 ‘정치 전략적 지침’으로 굴절되었다. 구체적으로, 북한이 냉전기 소련과 중국의 군사적 영향력과 의존성에서 탈피하고자 했던 ‘자주’적 동기의 군사안보 차원의 발전전략은 김일성의 유일 지배체제와 맞물리면서 ‘군사적 천재’를 뒷받침하는 정치 논리로 굴절되었고, 이것은 또다시 김일성의 통치를 목숨으로 수호하자는 ‘수령 결사옹위’의 친위대화 논리로 변질되었다. 북한의 군사 사상이 ‘전군 친위대화’를 위한 정치 논리로 굴절되는 과정은 북한의 공세 주의에 영향을 미쳤다. 우상숭배를 위한 ‘상징 기제’로서 군사 사상은 김일성을 군사적 천재로 둔갑시키고, ‘무오류성’의 신적 위상을 가진 수령의 군사 사상은 ‘불패의 신화’를 창조해야 하는 확고부동한 군사지침이 되었다. 김일성의 ‘군사적 천재’라는 상징 장치는 북한군이 전투에서 패전해서는 안 된다는 일종의 ‘페르소나’를 씌우게 되었으며, 이것으로 북한의 공세적 모험주의에 영향을 미치게 되었다.

김정은 시대의 우리식 조선인민군 형상화 -집권 10년간 군 관련 공개활동 분석을 중심으로-

유판덕 ( Yoo Pan-duck ) 한국접경지역통일학회 2022 접경지역통일연구 Vol.6 No.1

Kim Jong-Un, affected by the sudden death of Kim Jong-Il, his father, has kept ‘imagery rule,’ ‘horrific rule,’ and ‘institutional rule’ in parallel. He has tied up the oversized and aged People’s Army to his unique ‘Monolithic Leadership Framework’ under the banner of military-first policy trying to get a foothold on his own for the past 10 years, and added to it the characteristics of the unique North Korean People’s Army in the nuclear-force-centered Kim Jong-Un era. The first feature is the replacement of the military leadership with the rising elite officers, especially those who have missions for politics, nuclear, missiles, and artillery through the executions, demotions and reinstatements of the military leaders. In addition, he has established and strengthened the ‘Monolithic Leadership Framework’ by using the Labor Party and political organization within the military. The second is the change of the paradigm of war from ‘the independent perspective of conventional weapons’ to ‘ the nuclear perspective centered on nuclear weapons’ through ‘the completed nuclear force’. North Korea’s ‘nuclear capacity’ has brought about major changes not only in the North Korean military’s view of war, but also in ‘building up troops’ and ‘military tactics.’ The third is that the strategic force dedicated to nuclear and missiles has been upgraded to a new type of military force by ‘reorganization and operation of the People’s Army centered on strategic forces’ and placed under the direct control of the Labor Party and Kim Jong-Un excluding the General Staff from the commanding line. The fourth is ‘the sign of a change in the strategy of war on the Korean Peninsula and the method of conducting combat(independent warfare) that combines nuclear force and conventional military force.’

북한의 ‘주체적 군사사상’과 핵 중심 군사정책

김태현 세종연구소 2023 국가전략 Vol.29 No.1

The purpose of this paper was to explain the contradictory tension between the "people-centered theory" that North Korea's juche military thought ostensibly puts forward and the "nuclear-centered military policy" phenomenon that appears during the Kim Jong-un era. In this paper, it is noted that the people-centered military thought is essentially a "suryong-centered military idea" aimed at justifying the conservation of the leader and the leadership. People-centered theory is 'reported' as a philosophical principle of cultivating a 'North Korean' strategy suitable for the situation of weak countries, but it has turned into a political strategic logic that can function as a sufficient condition for war victory when it is led by an error-free existence called 'suryong'. The suryong-centered theory, which has the logical structure of "leadership" and "leadership advocacy," is the only leverage that can explain the tension between "nuclear priority" and "people-centered theory" during the Kim Jong-un era. In this case, Kim Jong-un's nuclear priority can be converged into the logic that "Kim Jong-un is a nuclear weapon" away from the dichotomous dilemma of "weapon or human.“ 본 논문은 북한의 주체 군사사상이 표면적으로 내세우는 ‘사람 중심론’과 김정은 시대에 나타나는 ‘핵 중심 군사정책’ 현상 간의 모순적 긴장 관계를 규명하는데 목적을 두었다. 본 논문에서는 사람중심 군사사상이라는 것이 본질적으로는 수령 결사옹위와 영도를 정당화하는데 목적을 둔 ‘수령중심 군사사상’이라는 점에 주목한다. 사람중심론은 전쟁승리의 결정 요인이 무기와 기술이 아닌 ‘사람’에 있다는 인식하에 약소국 실정에 맞는 ‘북한식’ 전략을 배태하는 철학적 원리로 ‘언급’되고 있지만, 실제 사람중심론은 ‘수령’이라는 무오류적 존재의 영도를 받을 때 전쟁승리의 충분조건으로 기능할 수 있다는 정치전략적 논리로 변질되었다. ‘수령 영도’와 ‘수령 결사옹위’라는 논리구조를 가진 수령중심론은 김정은 시대의 ‘핵 우선주의’와 ‘사람중심론’간 긴장상태를 해소할 수 있는 유일한 지렛대이다. 이렇게 되면 김정은의 핵 우선주의는 ‘무기냐, 사람이냐’의 이분법적 딜레마에서 벗어나 ‘김정은이 곧 핵무기이다’라는 논리로 수렴될 수 있다.